What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the...

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What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity

Transcript of What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the...

Page 1: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

What Lives In Your Water?MdBioLab Activity

Page 2: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Basic Learning Goals

• Students will understand the connection between water quality and– Economics of Maryland• Fishing• Tourism

• Students will learn laboratory techniques identical to those used by EPA and scientists

Page 3: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Water cycle

Conceptualization of the water cycle. Source: USGCRP website

Page 4: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

http://chesapeake.towson.edu/landscape/impervious/all_watersheds.asp

Stream Orders

Page 5: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Stream Length in Mid-Atlantic

http://www.epa.gov/bioiweb1/pdf/EPA-620-R-06-001MAIAStateoftheFlowingWaters.pdf

Page 6: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

http://www.chesapeakebay.net/watersheds.aspx?menuitem=14603

Chesapeake Bay Watershed

Page 7: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Chesapeake Bay Sub-watersheds

http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1316/circular1316.pdf

Page 8: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Why Should I Worry?

• Cholera is a huge killer worldwide– Almost nonexistent in

the US due to our water treatment policies

– Kills millions of people every year in the developing world

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera

1915

Page 9: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Cholera Outbreaks

http://gamapserver.who.int/mapLibrary/Files/Maps/Global_CholeraCases0709_20091008.png

Page 10: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Vibrio spp in the Chesapeake Bay• Cholera caused by bacteria

Vibrio cholerae• Vibrio infect cuts

– “hand swollen to the size of a catchers mitt”

• Infected shellfish cause GI illness• Public health websites suggest

to protect yourself against infection:– Avoid swimming 48 hours after

any heavy rainfall.– Do not swim with an open cut or

wound.– If you get cut while in the water,

wash it thoroughly and cover with a waterproof bandage.

– Try not to swallow water while swimming. Chesapeake Bay Foundation. 2009. Bad Water 2009

Page 11: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Fecal Bacteria“Where do the bacteria come from? There are about 180 failing septic tanks in the Severn River’s suburbanized watershed, according to the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). But a far more significant source of bacteria in the river is pet waste, which produces an estimated 69 percent of the E. coli bacteria in Voith’s section of the Severn River, with wildlife contributing 24 percent, livestock three percent, and humans three percent, according to an April 2008 MDE analysis of pollution in the Severn River. About 41 percent of dog owners in the area admit they do not pick up after their animals most of the time, the report says. “

Chesapeake Bay Foundation. 2009. Bad Water 2009

Disgusting Picture Warning

Page 12: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Sources of Fecal Pollution

http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=11769

Page 13: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Sources of Fecal Pollution

http://static.gotpetsonline.com/pictures-gallery/dog-pictures-breeders-puppies-rescue/english-shepherd-dog-pictures-breeders-puppies-rescue/pictures/english-shepherd-dog-0003.jpg

http://jakst.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/cat.jpg

Page 14: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.
Page 15: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

One Member of the GI Microflora• Enterococcus faecalis– Part of normal flora of all

mammals and birds– About 10M Enterococci

per gram of human feces.

– Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobe

– Tolerate a wide range of growth conditions including salt and oxygen Enterococcus faecalis infecting lung tissue.

Source: Wikipedia

Page 16: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Opportunistic pathogen

• Can cause:– Bladder infections– Endocarditis (infection of heart lining)– Bacteremia (bacteria in blood)– Peritonitis (infection in abdominal cavity)– Meningitis (brain infection)

• Most cases are hospital-acquired (“nosocomial”) infections

• Hard to treat– Naturally antibiotic resistant to penicillins– Acquired resistance to many other antibiotics

Page 17: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

E. Faecalis is a Good Indicator Organism in the Environment

• Stays alive but doesn’t grow in environment

• So… numbers stay constant

• So…counts are representative of volume of pollution sources Scanning Electron Micrograph of

Enterococcus faecalis. Sources: CDC Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Photo by Janice Haney Carr

http://phil.cdc.gov/Phil/details.asp

Page 18: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Culturing Bacteria in the Lab

• We create the optimal growth conditions– Temperature– Nutrients– pH

• Selective media– Contains chemicals that

only allow one species to grow Example of bacterial growth on selective

media. Photo courtesy of Hornor Lab, Anne Arundel Community College, Arnold, MD.

Page 19: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Water Does Not Have To Look Dirty To Be Dangerous!!

Page 20: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

LAB ACTIVITIES

Page 21: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Our Activity

• Step 1- Collect water samples– Field trip or Homework

• Students should work in pairs

• Will require a “collection kit”– Clean plastic bottles– Gloves– Ziplocs for ice and

containment of samplehttp://ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/albums/userpics/10025/normal_iil_ian_bf_395.JPG

Page 22: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Our Activity

• Step 2- Filter water samples and culture overnight– 2 different volumes

• 10 ml• 100 ml• Allows for best

opportunity to get a countable plate of 20-60 colonies

http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/aquatic/drug_research/capabilities.html

Page 23: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Our Activity

• Step 3- (Next Day) Count Colonies

Example of bacterial growth on selective media. Photo courtesy of Hornor Lab, Anne Arundel Community College, Arnold, MD.

Page 24: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Equipment Setup• Completely assembled

filtration apparatus• Water samples in ice

bucket• Field data sheet• Sterile 10 ml syringe• Beaker with ethanol

holding forceps• Sterile paper filter

Page 25: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Sterile Technique

• Forceps removed from ethanol, flamed

• THEN handed to students

Page 26: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Place Filter 1

• Peel cover off filter (best done by instructor or partner)

• Grab edge with sterilized forceps

Page 27: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Place Filter 2• Place paper filter grid

side up on top of metal screen

• Paper must completely cover screen to get proper filtration

Page 28: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Reassemble Filtration Apparatus

• Place filter funnel on top of paper filter

• Clamp glassware in place

Page 29: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

10 ml Sample

• Wet filter with 10 ml sterile, distilled water– Water removes static

from syringe

• When the water has suctioned through filter, apply 10 ml of water sample to filter

Page 30: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Wash Filter Funnel

• With clean syringe, wash the sides of the funnel to get any splashes

Page 31: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Remove Filter

• Unclamp filter funnel• Flame forceps• Grab edge of filter and

break vacuum seal

Page 32: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Place on Plate

• Hold plate tilted downward and away

• Place filter at bottom edge of plate

• Roll onto media to minimize bubbles

• Cover and incubate 24 hrs

Page 33: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Repeat for 100 ml

• Place new filter on filtration apparatus

• Wet filter and suction through

• Pour 100 ml into funnel• Wash sides of funnel• Place filter on media

Page 34: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

After Incubation

• This is what the students will see after a 24 hour incubation at 41˚C (chicken body temperature)

• Left-hand plates came from Patuxent River

• Right-hand plates came from Warehouse Creek off South River

• Top plates are 10 ml, bottom plates are 100ml samples

Page 35: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

POST-LAB ACTIVITIES

Page 36: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Reporting Results

Page 37: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Land Use

• Impervious Surface• Farming

Page 38: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Civic Engagement Opportunities

• Information can be reported to local water quality monitoring agencies

• Community Associations to encourage picking up after pets

• Service projects to fence streams from livestock

Page 39: What Lives In Your Water? MdBioLab Activity. Basic Learning Goals Students will understand the connection between water quality and – Economics of Maryland.

Curriculum Materials Provided at MdBioLab Website

• Instructor’s Manual– Biomedical– Environmental Science

• Student Handout• Field Data Collection Sheet• Powerpoint Slides (with speakers notes)– The ones shown today– A set to show to students with a Biomedical focus– A set to show to students with an Environmental

Science focus