What Lies Beneath...WHAT LIES BENEATH Rebecca Harbut KPU, Dept. of Sustainable Agriculture 2017...
Transcript of What Lies Beneath...WHAT LIES BENEATH Rebecca Harbut KPU, Dept. of Sustainable Agriculture 2017...
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WHAT LIES BENEATH
Rebecca Harbut
KPU, Dept. of Sustainable Agriculture
2017 Cranberry Congress
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CRANBERRY VINE
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DEFINING THE IDEAL CRANBERRY CANOPY
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GOALS OF CANOPY MANAGEMENT
• Optimize root:shoot and fruiting:non-fruiting
• Encourage good air movement through the canopy
• Stimulate upright growth (yield potential)
• Regenerate rooting
• Optimize light interception– Improve fruit color development
• Optimize spray coverage
• Manage humidity in the canopy
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THE ‘UNMANAGED’ CANOPY
• Excessive vegetative growth (little yield potential)
• ‘Floating’ vines – poor rooting
• Lumpy, uneven growth
• Dense canopy
– Poor air movement
– Poor light penetration
– Poor spray penetration
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WOODY PERENNIAL FRUIT
• Woody perennial fruit crops are managed to maintain a balance between fruiting and non-fruiting wood
– Pruning
– Trellising
– Sanding
– Limb positioning
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NON-FRUITING WOOD
• Provide structure/support
• Carbohydrate storage – critical for spring growth
• Becomes less productive with age
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STIMULATING FRUITING WOOD
• Constant regeneration of growth
– Pruning, sanding
• Must be supported by the renewal of root system
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ROOT: SHOOT
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CANOPY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
• Nutrient Management
• Sanding
• Pruning
• Mowing
www.spinnerpub.com
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NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
Marschner, 1995, Fig. 8.16
• N has a direct impact on vegetative growth
• High N application results in increased shoot growth and decreased root growth
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NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT:NITROGEN
• Why Does Excessive Vegetation Reduce Yield?
• Shading• Disease• Allocation of resources
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SANDINGBenefits:
• Covers leaf litter– Organic matter break down– Suppression of fungal inoculum
• Improved soil drainage and structure• Buries runners
– Simulate root growth– Stimulate upright growth
• Insect control– Dependent on uniform sand
applications
• More rapid warming in spring– Moist freshly sanded beds can be 2-3oF
higher
• Important in new bed establishment
Challenges:
• Uneven settling of subsoil can occur with heavy sanding
• Yield suppression in year 1 and 2
1816- Henry Hall
(Dennis, MA)
First to observe the benefits of sand blown in
from nearby dunes
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PRUNING
• Objective
– Open canopy
– Remove runners
– Stimulate upright growth
– Even out canopy
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UMASS PRUNING STUDY (06-07)
• Study conducted at UMASS Cranberry Research Station 2006 and 2007
Treatment Severity
Pruning Control 0 passes = 0 lbs/A
Light 1 pass = 340 lbs/A
Moderate 2 passes= 700 lbs/A
Heavy 3 passes = 1080lbs/A
Sanding Control 0
Light 1.5 cm
Moderate 3.O cm
Heavy 4.5 cm
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EFFECT OF PRUNING ON PLANT GROWTH
Pruning reduced the total plant weight
BUT…
Did not reduce upright weight and number
5000
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None Low Medium High
Tota
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Pruning Severity
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PRUNING AND SANDING:IMPACTS ON YIELD
Severity of Treatment
2006 Yield (bbl/Acre)
Pruning vsSanding
2006
2007 Yield (bbl/Acre) Pruning vsSanding
2007
NetPruning vs.
Sanding
Pruning Sanding Pruning Sanding
Control 232 209 +23 166 202 -36 -13
Light 349 292 +57 215 215 0 +57
Moderate 216 137 +79 140 102 +38 +117
Heavy 177 109 +68 154 60 +104 +172
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ROLE OF PRUNING IN CANOPY MANAGEMENT
• Can reduce canopy depth
– May not be effective on very deep canopies
• Is not necessarily a replacement for sanding
– Does not provide a new rooting medium
• Establish pruning rotation that is complementary to your sanding program
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SUMMARY
• All perennial crops require management to maintain an optimal root:shoot and structural wood:fruiting wood
• The optimal canopy structure in BC has not been fully defined
• Understanding the carbohydrate dynamics in the crop will help define how we manage the fruit