What lectures I have in this semester

Introduction to environmental science (intensive course)2nd class (10:30-) on Monday, Rm# C204-1One turn

General lecture in natural environment studies2nd class (10:30-) on Friday, Rm# D102Last five turns

Advanced course in watershed environmental science2nd class (10:30-) on Wednesday, Rm# C202Full (12 or more) turns

Advanced course in environmental conservation2nd class (10:30-) on Thursday, Rm #C202First six turns

Flow of this lecture1. Fundamental perspectives on watersheds ( 流域の視点と基礎理解 )

2. Structure of wetlands ( 湿原の構造 )3. Function of wetlands ( 湿原の機能 )4. Spatial distribution of wetlands ( 湿原の空間分布 )5. Mesic or wetland succession ( 湿性遷移 )6. Conservation of wetlands ( 湿原の保全 )7. Restoration of wetlands ( 湿原の復元 )

Keddy P (2010) Wetland ecology: Principles and conservation. Cambridge University Press

Kushiro mire (2014)

References

The references will be provided in the lecture

RecommendationKeddy PA. 2010. Wetland ecology. Principles and conservation (2nd

edn). Cambridge University Press

+ papers published by present and former members in our lab

Contacttsuyu@ees.hokudai.ac.jphttp://hosho.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/~tsuyu/top/lecture/we.html

Wetland 湿原・湿地

Cultural background Europe: The enemy of changing land use

wetland, mire (Engl.), bog, fen, marsh, swamp, moor Japan: 　「豊葦原の瑞穂の国」 ( 古事記 )

the land is covered with reed and thus is rich in food Hokkaido (Aynu): Saru ( サル ) = reed swamp)

Peatland = broadly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere ( mire)

(Hotes 2007)

The definition of wetland in Ramsar Convention (Arcticle1 Paragraph 1)

For the purpose of this Convention wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters.

What is wetland?A wetland is an ecosystem that arises when inundation by water produces soils dominated by anaerobic processes, which, in turn, forces the biota, particularly rooted plants, to adapt to flooding

(Keddy 2010)

Wetland in Japan

113 major wetlands in Japan38 of them in Hokkaido

Kiritappu and Horoto Mire (Bog)

Utonaito Mire (Fen) dominated by sedges. Shrub trees are mostly Alnus japonica Steud. (Betulaceae)

Sarobetsu

Sarobetsu Mire ( サロベツ湿原 )

Lat/Long 45o03’N, 141o42’E

Elevation 3-7 m

Area 2,560 ha (28 km NS ， 5-8 km EW)

Wetland type Bog-fen complex, Freshwater lake

Conservation system

Specific territory of Game ReserveSpecific territory of National Park

Location Toyotomi and Horonobe Town, HokkaidoRamsar

convention Registered in Nov. 2005

Temperature (oC) 6.2 (2008), 6.3 (2009)Precipitation

(mm) 640.5 (2008), 907.5 (2009)

サル・オ・ペッ : 葦原にある川

(modified after Municipal Congress of Ramsar Convention 2010)

Peat-mining

(Municipal Congress of Ramsar Convention 2010

泥炭採掘地

Year: 1970-20033-22 ha/yearMined depth: 3-6 m

Former visitor center

Mined site Toyotomi Town

Sarobetsu Mire

Japan Sea

Endangered plant species in Sarobetsu MireEndangered rank

EN, endangeredVU, vulnerable

NT, near-threatened

Common name (scientific name)

シロミノハリイ Eleocharis margaritaceaネムロコウホネ Nuphar pumilaナガバノモウセンゴケ Drosera anglicaタヌキモ Utricularia vulgaris var. japonicaカキツバタ Iris laevigataヒメカイウ Calla palustrisタカネハリスゲ Carex paucifloraトキソウ Pogonia japonicaオオミズゴケ Sphagnum palustreNine species distributed in Sarobetsu Mire (Tachibana & Ito 1980) are listed in RDB (2000)→ more endangered species

ナガバノモウセンゴケ Drosera anglica

A D. anglica population established in post-mined peatland

Indicator plant speciesLet’s walk in the campus to know wetland systems. Check the following plants.

Trees: Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.

Manchurian ash ( ヤチダモ )Alnus japonica (Thunberg) Steud.

Japanese alder ( ハンノキ / ヤチハンノキ )Ulmus davidiana Planch. var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai

Japanese elm ( ハルニレ )Herbs: Petasites japonicus (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. var. giganteus (Fr. Schm.) Hort. ex Nichols

giant sweet coltsfoot ( オオブキ )Phalaris arundinacea L.

reed canarygrass ( クサヨシ )

The flora list of Hokkaido University Campushttp://hosho.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/~tsuyu/top/plt/flora-misc.html

Handout provided

1. Go to the my toppage, and find out the lecture titles2. Go to the website related to the lectures

3. General lecture in natural environment studieshttp://hosho.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/~tsuyu/top/lecture/nature_sym.html, orhttp://hosho.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/~tsuyu/top/lecture/nature_sym-j.html

Advanced course in watershed environmental sciencehttp://hosho.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/~tsuyu/top/lecture/we.html, orhttp://hosho.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/~tsuyu/top/lecture/we-j.html

4. Find out [ Handout ], and then click it!5. Download the file(s) what you need

Fig. Locations of forests, tree-lined avenues, and the tallest individuals on each tree species (made by my personal observations)

Hokkaido University campus map

We are here!

Walk along Sakushu-kotoni River ( サクシュコトニ川 )

Sakushu: coast-side = near Toyohira River Kotoni: pan (depression)

We saw salmon in the river(No records of salmon after 1952)