What is the volume of each cube?

1

A.What is the density of each sample?

B.Would each sample float or sink in pure water?

2

3

What is the highest possible location of point X?

4

Draw a profile of the cross section labeled A-B

5

A. What state would you be in if you were located at 44N, 122W?B. What are the approximate coordinates of Richmond, VA?

6

What is the best reason for the variations in insolation at these locations?

7

Jason investigated the effect of various colored lights on plant growth. He hypothesized that plants grow taller under a blue light. He grew four bean planets: one under green light, one under red light, one under blue light, and one under white light. All plants received the same amount of light and water. Each type of plant was also grown in the same type of soil and the the same size pot. Jason collected data on his plants each week for six weeks. After reviewing the data, Jason concluded that the bean plant grew best under blue light and that his hypothesis was correct.

Why was Jason’s experiment NOT valid?

8

A. Draw a diagram of the Earth, Sun, and Moon during a lunar eclipse.

B. During what moon phase can a lunar eclipse occur?

C. Draw a diagram of the Earth, Sun, and Moon during a solar eclipse.

D. During what moon phase can a solar eclipse occur?

E. Why don’t solar and lunar eclipses occur every month?

9

A. Mercury rotates on an axis that is perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. Which planet best represents Mercury’s rotation.

B. Which planet most closely resembles Earth’s rotation?

C. Uranus rotates on an axis that is close to parallel to the plane of its orbit. Which planet best represents Uranus?

10

Mars and Venus have close to equal percentages of CO2 in their atmospheres, however Venus is very hot and experiences a runaway greenhouse effect. Mars, on the other hand, is much cooler and does not experience the same greenhouse effect. Explain what causes this difference.

11

A. A mineral is found to have a black streak, break apart into thin sheet, and is easily scratched with a fingernail. What mineral is being described?

B. What is a major use of this mineral?

12

A. The cleavage of mica results form:f. alternating layers of silica and aluminumg. weak bonds between layersh. strong covalent bonds within dense carbonate clustersi. metallic bonds between all elements present

B. Students on a geology field trip will identify mineral by their streak. Which of these should the students bring on the field trips?

f. A long, pointed iron rodg. A disposable sample of talch. A low-powered telescopei. Rough, white and black ceramic tiles

C. A mineral is found to have a reddish brown streak. The mineral is most likely:

f. magnetiteg. sulfurh. hematitei. feldspar

13

Complete the table with the correct mineral group and uses.

Sample Mineral Group Composition Common Uses

1 Silicon and Oxygen

2 Oxygen and a Metal

3 Contains CO3

Jewelry, computers, electronics, scientific

instruments

manufacture of paper and detergents,

neutralization of acids

pigments, coatings for colored bricks,

fireproofing agents

Carbonates Silicates Oxides

14

Match each rock type with its environment of formation.

1. Igneous2. Metamorphic3. Sedimentary

A. Rocks formed in depositional environments, when fragments of rocks and minerals are compacted and lithified into solid rock

B. Rocks formed from volcanic activity at the surface of the Earth, or deep within the crust as chambers of magma cool and crystalize.

C. Rocks formed from any other type of rock that is exposed to high levels of heat and pressure from forces within the Earth.

15

What type of rocks are layers 1, 2, and 3? Be specific (type and subgroup). Justify your answer with an explanation.

16

Complete the flow chart.

ObsidianGraniteDioritePumice

17

Complete the flow chart.

SchistMarbleSlateGniessQuartizte

18

Complete the flow chart.

SandstoneShaleLimestoneConglomerateRock SaltBreccia

19

Complete the rock cycle.

A

B

C

D

E

20

In order to protect aquifers near landfills, material is placed underneath the soil to prevent pollution. Which property must the protective material possess?

A. High porosityB. Low permeability

C. High reflectivityD. Low conductivity

21

A. Crushed stone is an economic resource second only to coal in Virginia. How is crushed stone mainly used?

f. As building insulationg. In steel productionh. For coal mine reclamationsi. For construction materials

B. A largely untapped renewable resource in the highlands of Virginia is:

f. wind energyg. nuclear powerh. natural gasi. tidal power

22

A. Pollution due to coal buring most frequently tends to affect lakes by:

f. reducing the amount of dissolved carbon dioxideg. increasing acidityh. increasing radioactivityi. increasing the concentration of nutrients

B. Which action would most likely reduce concerns related to how coal mining can harm the environment?

f. reclaim the ecosystem after miningg. restrict mining operations to rural areash. increasing the usage of the products being minedi. Decrease the amount of labor needed in the

mines

23

A

B

C

D

24

Label the seafloor features

25

Complete the tableType of Boundary Simple Diagram Features Formed

Convergent- Continental/Continental

Convergent- Continental/Oceanic

Convergent- Oceanic/Oceanic

Divergent- Continental/Continental

Divergent- Oceanic/Oceanic

Transform

26

Oceanic crust is (older/younger) and (thicker/thinner) than continental crust. Explain the causes of these differences.

27

A. Why don’t S-Waves travel through the Earth’s outer core?B. How do seismic waves help scientists understand the

internal structure of the Earth?

28

A. Draw and label a simple diagram of Earth’s physical layers.

B. Draw and label a simple diagram of Earths chemical layers.

29

A. Label each soil layerB. Which layer contain

humus?C. What is humus

composed of?D. Which layer is most likely

to experience weathering and erosion?

30

A. What features are labeled 1 and 2?B. What types of rock does Karst Topography occur in?C. What region of VA is known for Karst topography?

31

A. Which wells would be successful in supplying water?

B. Which rock layer contains the majority of the zone of aeration?

C. Which rock layer contains the majority of the zone of saturation?

D. Which rock layer would be the confining layer?

32

Label each major watershed in VA.

33

Order the layers from oldest to youngest

34

A. How many half lives have gone by when 12.5% of Carbon-14 remains in a fossil?

B. Approximately how long is the half-life of Carbon-14?

35

Decide if each statement id true or false:

A. The climate at location A will have a milder climate than location CB. Location B will be primarily affected by mP air massesC. Location D is affected by a warm ocean current that extends to Western

EuropeD. Location C will experience a wide range in average temperature values

throughout the yearE. Location A will experience a much harsher winter then location B or C

36

A. What geologic feature is creating the volcanic islands?B. Which island is oldest?C. Which island is volcanically active?D. Provide an example of where this type of land formation occurs.

37

A. About 2 billion years ago complex life began to evolve on Earth. What changes in Earth’s atmosphere allowed this evolution to occur?

B. What caused this change in atmospheric composition to occur?

38

A. Why does the temperature increase as altitude increases in the stratosphere?

B. What human activities have caused harm to this region of the atmosphere?

39

A. Which location recently experienced a drop in temperatures, thunderstorms, and a shift in wind direction from south to west/northwest?

B. What caused these weather conditions to occur?

C. What are the lines of equal pressure called?

40

What type of frontal boundaries are pictured?

41

Why did Hurricane Gustav increase in intensity over the Gulf of Mexico, and then decrease in intensity after making landfall?

42

A scientist who studies heat exchange through the Earth, oceans, and atmosphere is studying which type of thermal energy transfer ?

43

According to the HR Diagram, a star with a temperature of 3,000K and an Luminosity of 10-3 would be classified as which type of star?

44

In which positions would the moon appear in a quarter moon phase to an observer on Earth?

45

What would be an appropriate title for this diagram?

46

Label each stage in the life cycle of a low mass star

47

Label each stage in the life cycle of a high mass star

48

Identify the following values:

Temperature:Dew Point:Precipitation Type:Air Pressure:Wind SpeedWind Direction:Cloud Cover:

49

A. Infer what each dot on the diagram representsB. What type of plate boundary is shown?

50

What season is occurring in the Northern Hemisphere when the Earth is in position 1-4?