What is the single most important item in your home?
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Transcript of What is the single most important item in your home?
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The fridge?The TV?The Wii?
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Without Indoor plumbing , modern society would be set back 250 years.
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Until recently, tissue engineers have been unable to provide plumbing for fabricated tissues.
This has greatly hindered advancement in terms of creating larger and more complex tissues and organs.↑ This is real
people! ↑
Urethra grown in vitro
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Mammalian cells utilize capillary networks for the delivery of nutrients and the removal of waste
Capillary networks are arranged so that the cells which they nourish are located within 100 – 200 µm
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Absence of vascular network has limited thickness of clinically used engineered tissues to mm scale at most
Failure to provide nutrient supply frequently results in loss of more than 95% of transplanted cells
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Dr. Jason SpectorLeon Bellan
After giving a university lecture Dr. Jason Spector was approached by a student working with microfibers
Leon Bellan noted that the dimensions and general form of cotton candy mimics capillaries
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Vascular microchannels were made with store bought sugar and a modified cotton candy machine
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Step 1: Pour molten sugar to form thin stems. Let cool.
Step 2: Make cotton candy.
Step 3: Stick sugar stems into cotton candy.
Step 4: Incubate for 2 minutes to fuse sugar structure.
Step 5: Submerge in biocompatible epoxy. Let cure.
Step 6: Use ethanol to dissolve sugar. Rum should do.
Step 7: Fill with blood. Enjoy.
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electron microscopy
multiphoton spectroscopy
Frames from video of flourescent polystyrene particle flow.
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Red blood cells in vitro
Red blood cells in epoxy
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Final Product: physiologically functional microvascular network in biocompatible PDMS cast.
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The ability to construct microvascular networks is a major hurdle passed on the road to engineering complex organs.
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REFERENCES
[1] URI BME 281 BME Seminar II <www.ele.uri.edu/courses/bme281>.
[2] Ikada, Yoshito. Tissue Engineering: Fundamentals and Applications. Kidlington, Oxfordshire: Elsevier Inc, 2006, pgs 63-64
[3] Leon M. Bellan, Sunil P. Singh, Peter W. Henderson, Teresa J. Porri, Harold G. Craighead, Jason A. Spector. "Fabrication of an artificial 3-dimensional vascular network using sacrificial sugar structures." Soft Matter, 2009: pgs 1354-1357.
[4] Jason W. Nichol, Ali Khademhosseini. "Modular tissue engineering: engineering biological tissue from the bottom up." Soft Matter, 2009: pgs 1312-1319.
[5] “Making Capillaries from Cotton Candy.” Dean of Invention, Planet Green, 2011. Television