What is the Composition of the Population of the United States

Defining a group

Notation Race

Asian Black White

Ethnicity Hispanic

2000 Census Media reports indicated that Hispanics,

according to Census reports, have become the largest minority group

Before analyzing these reports we need to evaluate the source of the data

Issues What is the difference between Race and

Ethnicity

Difference between Race and Ethnicity

Race: An ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis. It

assumes that human differences are based on biology, not culture.

Ethnicity Ethnicity means identification with, and feeling part of

an ethnic group. An ethnic group shares beliefs, values, habits, customs and norms because of a common background. They may also share language, religion, historical experiences, kinship or "race". Ethnic groups have a name for themselves, a territory and a sense of group solidarity.

Issues What is the difference between Race and

Ethnicity Who determines where individual belongs What options is respondent have

2000 Census vs. other Do individuals know the difference

between Race and Ethnicity

July 1, 2001 July 1, 2000 April 1, 2000 July 1, 2001 July 1, 2000 April 1, 2000 July 1, 2001 July 1, 2000 April 1, 2000

White alone 230,289,857 228,565,604 228,104,485 34,071,335 32,840,640 32,529,000 196,218,522 195,724,964 195,575,485White in combination w ith one or more other races 3,490,104 3,360,620 3,329,903 453,986 434,367 429,797 3,036,118 2,926,253 2,900,106White alone or in combination w ith one or more other races 233,779,961 231,926,224 231,434,388 34,525,321 33,275,007 32,958,797 199,254,640 198,651,217 198,475,591

Black or African American alone 36,246,996 35,815,572 35,704,124 1,448,346 1,402,185 1,391,117 34,798,650 34,413,387 34,313,007Black or African American in combination w ith one or more other races 1,494,274 1,418,158 1,400,124 227,726 217,360 214,958 1,266,548 1,200,798 1,185,166Black or African American alone or in combination w ith one or more other races 37,741,270 37,233,730 37,104,248 1,676,072 1,619,545 1,606,075 36,065,198 35,614,185 35,498,173

American Indian and Alaska Native alone 2,725,540 2,676,306 2,663,818 591,243 571,593 566,378 2,134,297 2,104,713 2,097,440American Indian and Alaska Native in combination 1,593,717 1,567,557 1,561,240 212,706 204,929 203,155 1,381,011 1,362,628 1,358,085American Indian and Alaska Native alone or in combination w ith one or more other races 4,319,257 4,243,863 4,225,058 803,949 776,522 769,533 3,515,308 3,467,341 3,455,525

Asian alone 10,982,633 10,670,068 10,589,265 242,968 234,498 232,461 10,739,665 10,435,570 10,356,804Asian in combination w ith one or more other races 1,486,450 1,430,810 1,417,629 150,649 144,055 142,498 1,335,801 1,286,755 1,275,131Asian alone or in combination w ith one or more other races 12,469,083 12,100,878 12,006,894 393,617 378,553 374,959 12,075,466 11,722,325 11,631,935

Native Haw aiian and Other Pacif ic Islander 476,336 465,265 462,534 99,902 96,333 95,430 376,434 368,932 367,104Native Haw aiian and Other Pacif ic Islander in combination w ith one or more other races 459,254 447,152 444,251 62,519 60,072 59,511 396,735 387,080 384,740Native Haw aiian and Other Pacif ic Islander alone or in combination w ith one or more other 935,590 912,417 906,785 162,421 156,405 154,941 773,169 756,012 751,844Footnotes:

Release Date: January 21, 2003

Table 4. Resident Population of the United States by Race Response and Hispanic or Latino Origin: April 1, 2000 /1, July 1, 2000 and July 1, 2001

Race

Total Population Hispanic or Latino Not Hispanic or Latino

/1 April 1, 2000 data is Census 2000 data w here the race has been modif ied to be consistent w ith the race categories for w hich population estimates are produced. For more information about the race modification see the methodology section.Suggested Citation:

Table US-EST2001-ASRO-04 - National Population Estimates - Characteristics

Source: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau

Estimated Components of State Population Change: July 1, 2001 to July 1, 2002

 

State

 

Population Increase

Percent(Unless otherwise stated)

 

DifferenceNatural Growth (births-deaths)

Net International

Growth

United States 3,051,139 52.5% 47.5% 5.00

West Virginia -1,036 -1,754 718 Numbers not in

Percent

California 622,515 47.5% 52.5% (5.03)

Texas 366,632 56.0% 44.0% 12.00

Estimated Components of State Population Change: July 1, 2001 to July 1, 2002

Top 10 States to Have More Net International Growth than Natural Growth Percent

(Unless otherwise stated)

State

Population Increase Natural Growth

(births-deaths) Net International

Growth

Difference

Florida 162,026 24.4% 75.6% (51.19) D.C. 7,007 35.5% 64.5% (28.93)

Rhode Island 6,255 37.1% 62.9% (25.82) New Jersey 102,976 39.0% 61.0% (22.00)

Pennsylvania 36,911 39.0% 61.0% (21.92) New York 244,064 40.0% 60.0% (19.96)

Maine 1,673 40.2% 59.8% (19.67) Massachusetts 55,190 41.6% 58.4% (16.85)

Connecticut 28,095 42.8% 57.2% (14.43) Oregon 30,576 46.2% 53.8% (7.59)

Estimated Components of State Population Change: July 1, 2001 to July 1, 2002

Top 10 States to Have More Natural Growth than Net International Growth Percent

(Unless otherwise stated)

State

Population Increase Natural Growth

(births-deaths) Net International

Growth

Difference

Alabama 22,318 73.8% 26.2% 47.58 Ohio 64,000 74.4% 25.6% 48.88 Utah 45,845 74.5% 25.5% 49.01 Idaho 13,709 74.7% 25.3% 49.49

Wyoming 2,380 78.2% 21.8% 56.30 South Dakota 4,309 78.5% 21.5% 56.93

Alaska 8,801 82.8% 17.2% 65.59 Montana 2,872 84.4% 15.6% 68.80 Louisiana 30,602 84.8% 15.2% 69.51

Mississippi 18,595 86.1% 13.9% 72.29

Foreign Immigration and Its Contributions to

Population and Labor Force Growth in Massachusetts and

the U.S.: A Recent Assessment of 2000 Census and CPS

Survey FindingsCenter for Labor Market

Studies

Northeastern University

Boston, MassachusettsDecember

2001

Immigration and Naturalization Service Some question the reliability of

undocumented migrants data obtained from the INS

Nonetheless, it is a legitimate source on the number of undocumented migrants

However, the most reliable source is the PEW Hispanic Foundation

The Hispanic Challenge A book (Who Are We? The Challenges to

America's National Identity (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004 428 pages) )

and an article in Foreign Policy (March/April 2004m pp. 30-45) - by Harvard Professor Samuel P. Huntington

Lack of Acculturation (assimilation) of Hispanic and in particular Mexicans.

The Hispanic Challenge Prof. Huntington gives six factors:

Contiguity (2,000 mile border). Largest border between a First World country and a Third World country

Scale. The diversity of immigrants has drastically changed in the past 40 years as seen in the following graph:

The Hispanic Challenge

The Hispanic Challenge Illegality. For instance, there are

approximately 11.1 million undocumented, Mexican immigrants, accounting for 56% of the total undocumented population. Source PEW Foundation

The Hispanic Challenge Regional Concentration. However, as seen

earlier, that appears no longer to be the case. Persistence. However, he does point that

since the mid-1960s migration of Mexicans has been continuously increasing.

Historical Presence. A few are settlers from land that was owned by Mexico prior to the Mexican-American war. New arrivals also recall some of the land used to belong to Mexico

The Hispanic Challenge In addition to the six items indicated by

Prof. Huntington, there are two additional ones he does not point to: First, the age distribution in both countries:

Mexico is a relative young country US is a relative old country

28.6%

44.6%

20.9%

25.4%

16.0%

12.1%

18.2%

10.5%

16.2%

7.3%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

Per

cen

t

Under 20 20 to 34 Years 35 to 44 Years 45 to 59 Years 60 and Above

Age

Age Distribution in The US and Mexico in the 2000 Census

US

Mexico

While wage differentials clearly are a reason for migration, the development of Networks have been found to also be a very important component of migration.

Temporary work permits like the bracero program of the 1940s to the mid-1960s and the proposed migration initiative of the Bush administration increase the persistence of migration

The Hispanic Challenge

The Hispanic Challenge As a Binational Commission (1997)

indicated: Moreover, history has shown that U.S.-

sanctioned Bracero recruitment in the 1950s oriented many Mexican workers toward the U.S. labor market instead of toward local jobs and development (p. 71).