What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the...
-
Upload
beatrice-jacobs -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
1
Transcript of What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the...
![Page 1: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What is Persuasive Writing?• Argumentative writing• Used to convince the reader to believe the
writer’s view point on a debatable issue• Want to convince the reader to do something
or believe something
![Page 2: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Persuasive Writing Must…• Know both sides of an argument• Present both different sides then TAKE A
STAND• Give evidence to back up your position• Offer more than one reason• Save the best argument for last• Tone is important for this type of writing
![Page 3: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Where do we see it?• Essays• Debates• Informational writing• Articles• Court cases• Studies or investigations (science)
![Page 4: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Where else do we see persuasive language?
• Commercials• Documentaries• Political speeches• Protests and demonstrations• Interviews on the news
![Page 5: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Watch Severn Suzuki’s Speech• David Suzuki’s daughter at 12 years old• Spoke to the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio
de Janeiro in 1992• She and 3 classmates from Vancouver fundraised
to attend the conference• Watch, try to pick out some reasons her speech is
effective– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1I6ljzaY9k&index=4
&list=PLYe9yW1cgGG1ifpSkv6K3ZzgDzmMQ-sg0 (5 min)
![Page 6: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Using Rhetoric and Effective Speech Delivery
Adapted from Dr. Lisa Watson
![Page 7: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Persuasive Appeals“People buy on emotion and justify with facts”
-Bert Decker
• Ethos– the credibility or character (ethic) of the speaker
• Speaker’s own expertise, pedigree, objectivity, intelligence, etc.
– The appeal to authority• Credibility of expert sources as support
• Pathos– The emotional appeal
• Striking an emotional chord with audience (e.g., empathy, indignation, etc.)• story telling, evocative examples, analogies, choice of language
• Logos– The appeal to logic & listeners’ rational side
• Statistics, facts and analogous examples (e.g., historical, literal) as support
![Page 8: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The 5 Canons of Rhetoric• Invention: Developing and refining arguments
– Consider your audience, evidence, types of appeal, order, format
• Arrangement: Organizing arguments for maximum impact– Introduction & establishing credibility, establishing context as necessary,
constructive arguments, addressing weaknesses, memorable conclusion
• Memory: Not needing notes increases credibility– Leave your audience with something memorable– Build a treasury of quotes, facts & anecdotes to include in speeches
• Style: Using language to make people want to listen– correctness, clarity (simple, strong, short), vivid description, propriety (context),
clever use (using double meanings, alliteration, metaphor, etc.)
• Delivery: Strategic choices around how to deliver a speech– body language, eye contact, enunciation, use of gestures, pausing, match pace to
emotion, varying force, tone & inflection of voice, etc.
![Page 9: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rhetorical Devices: Structural• Epigraph
– Quote set at the beginning of a work or section of a work to set a tone or suggest a theme• May also take the form of a rhetorical question or statement
• Theme– Central or dominant idea or concern of a work
• Your core message (e.g., impact, benefit, paradigm shift)
• Foreshadowing– Hinting at or presenting things to come in a story
• Various forms of the recommendation first approach
• Juxtaposition– Placing two items side by side for effect
![Page 10: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Rhetorical Devices: Linguistic• Anaphora
– regular repetition of the same word of phrase at the beginning of successive sentences or clauses• e.g., We are thorough. We are driven. We are right.
• Alliteration– repetition of same initial consonant (or any vowel) in proximal
words• e.g., this solution is practical, principled and profitable
• Asyndeton– removing conjunctions (often replaced with pauses)
• This man was negligent, thoughtless, unethical.
• Parallel structure– Using syntactically similar grammatical structure
• e.g., “I once was lost, but now I’m found”, the costs far outweigh the benefits
![Page 11: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Rhetorical Devices: Substantive• Analogy
– A comparison of two different things to make a point about their similarity (can include metaphor and simile)
– Used to communicate new, complex or controversial ideas• e.g., business and war, “band-aid” solutions, throwing a monkey wrench in the system
• Personification/animism– Giving something inanimate human or animal characteristics
• e.g., numbers don’t lie, profits will soar
• Axiom– Statement that is regarded as true or self evident
• e.g., “He who fails to plan, plans to fail”
• Aphorism– Short memorable philosophical statements designed to illustrate a
commonly held belief• e.g., “Hire slowly, fire quickly”, “A business that makes nothing but money is a poor
kind of business”
– Adage: an aphorism that has gained credibility through longevity• e.g., “Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched”
![Page 12: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Vocabulary & Phrasing Examples• Maintain an appropriate level of formality to be
taken seriously– You or your firm instead of you guys
• Enunciate clearly and finish all words– Going to instead of gonna
• Use strong language– Recommend, demonstrate and prove instead of feel – Will do instead of kinda, maybe, sorta, like
• Use active voice– Somebody killed him instead of he was killed
![Page 13: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Analyze Severn Suzuki’s Speech• We’ll watch it one more time
– How does she use Ethos, Pathos, and Logos?– Pick out some examples of rhetorical devices
• Structural• Linguistic• Substantive
• Then you’ll work in your groups to fill out the analysis worksheet, using a transcript of the speech– Find specific examples
![Page 14: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Passion & Conviction
• Show conviction in everything you say, even if you don’t believe it– It has to sound like you prepared your own
speech and are speaking straight from the heart
• Makes you memorable– What is going to make judges remember what
you had to say instead of your competitors?
![Page 16: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Style & Delivery Reminders• Vocabulary
– Short, simple, strong– Correct, clear, clever– Vividness
• Voice modulation• Gestures• Develop a rapport with the audience
– Eye contact, humour, etc.
![Page 17: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Use of Voice• Modulation (volume and pitch)
– project without yelling – use inflection or tone to emphasize key points
• The poignant pause– Not just to gather thoughts, but to drive points home
• Pace– persuasive speeches generally average about 150 words per minute (25 words
per 10 seconds)• more sounds glib, less sound preachy
– Slow down to make serious, controversial, or complex points– Speed up slightly to inspire and incite emotional response
• Knowing how to combine all of these techniques for full emotional impact is an art form – Variance is necessary, but it really has to be the right type
![Page 18: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Gestures & Body Language• Stance
– Don’t cross anything (including legs) when speaking• Posture
– Generally stand tall with head up– Can slouch (deflate) to make a point
• Eye contact– This may mean getting very good at looking at tops of heads
• Gestures– Hand gestures to reinforce key points– Inclination or shaking of head– Active use versus nervous ticks
• Facial Expressions– turn a plain speech into an emotional and convincing one– confusion, disappointment, enthusiasm, conviction, etc.
![Page 19: What is Persuasive Writing? Argumentative writing Used to convince the reader to believe the writer’s view point on a debatable issue Want to convince.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020208/56649d355503460f94a0bf83/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Presidential Debate Speeches
Persuasive techniques in actionFirst presidential debate 2012