Can we make the special ordinary?

Personalising the education of pupils with SEN…. and everyone else

Nick Peacey

What is personalisation?

• ‘The key to tackling the persistent achievement gaps between different social and ethnic groups.

• It means a tailored education for every child and young person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations, and builds their life chances.’ (Department for Education and Skills, London, 2005).

What is personalisation?

• Personalisation implies that schools should have systems in which the needs of all pupils are understood and their learning planned accordingly

• It does not mean that every child needs an individualised curriculum, but rather that schools need to cater for the range of aptitudes, interests and abilities of all their pupils

We have set up our systems as if

pupils with SEN need

special pedagogiescurriculagroups

plans (IEPs)Do they?

Does the pupil with SEN

need a special pedagogy?•Most of what is seen as special

pedagogy is :-the provision of some sort of support or assistive technology-emphasised or ‘intensified’ ordinary good teaching

Davis & Florian 2004, Norwich and Lewis 2007

Does the special needs pupil need a special

pedagogy?• Norwich and Lewis (2007) report that only pupils with autism spectrum condition and ADHD were seen as requiring a pedagogy that is specific to their group needs

• ‘the more important agenda is how to develop a pedagogy that is inclusive to all learners’Davis and Florian 2004

Does the pupil with SEN need a special

curriculum?•Often such curricula are seen as inferior

•Is it not better to work for a flexible curriculum designed to value many areas and forms of learning?

•Then we can mould the curriculum to meet all learners’ needs….

Does the pupil with SENneed a special group?

• Let me get this straight: we are going to catch up with the rest of the class by going slower than everyone else.

Bart Simpson

Pupil grouping

• Effective teachers seem to use a mixed economy

• ‘Low ability groups are unlikely to be successful as there is nowhere for new ideas to come from.’ http://creict.homerton.cam.ac.uk/spring/research.htm

Another form of special group? What does research tell us about

teaching assistants?

• Other adults like having them around

• Pupils sometimes like having them around

• Pupils with them attain less well than similar pupils without them(eg Ofsted 2006)

Does the pupil with SEN need a special plan?

• Often the special plan (individual education plan) ends up on a shelf

• Many teachers never use them to plan

Does the pupil with SEN need a special plan?

•Some schools have individual target and review systems for all pupils so ‘special’ individual plans are not needed

How can we take personalisation forward? We can learn lessons for all from:• our knowledge of communication difficulties

• improving environments for pupils with SEN

• specialist teachers, psychologists,therapists

• pupils with SEN and/or disabilities

A diversion- it is worth getting

communication right

• 50-70% of all pupils identified as having social, emotional and behavioural difficulties have identifiable (but not always identified) speech, language and communication impairments (eg.Benner 2002)

A dynamic process: the incorporation of strategies

and approaches• A strategy or approach starts by being used with a few

• It is adopted more widely• It is recognised as useful for all

Lessons from advice on SEN

• How often do we ask educational psychologists, therapists and specialist support staff to advise on individuals in schools?

• How often do we take their advice-and they can be rare and expensive resources- and use it to improve learning for all?

Visual timetables

Visual timetables are often advised for pupils with autismIn fact, they benefit all pupils

Symbols are recommended for pupils with communication

difficulties

•Why not use them to support learning for all?

Tema 4

Los nutrientes del bosquehttp://www.ioe.ac.uk/nof/tfi/rainforest

Classrooms for communication

• We know from research that teachers still talk through 60-75% of most lessons

• Classrooms need to be good listening spaces • Research has demonstrated how poor

acoustics damages the attainment of all, particularly pupils with SEN (Shield and Dockrell 2002)

• English building regulations for schools have been tightened - all new classrooms should have good acoustics and all will benefit

Lessons from pupils with disabilities

• Eleni Burgess, 14 year old wheelchair user, surveyed another 80 wheelchair users just leaving the English education system

• She produced a booklet of ideas which has been used all over England: 1000 copies were sold within a week of publication

Do ideas of ‘special’ needs prevent us seeing other student

characteristics, such as pupils’ philosophies of learning?

• Carol Dweck studied why some girls who succeeded in primary school failed in secondary school. She found that those who succeeded in both phases believed if they tried hard enough they could learn

• But girls who succeeded in primary but failed in secondary attributed any success to being clever, not hard work.

• So when they failed, they decided they were not clever. They also had a reason for failure: learning success was not in their nature!Do we discuss these things with pupils?

Some conclusions

•Much that we have thought special for the few will benefit many

•Minorities benefit from most things that benefit everyone else

• Personalisation is a challenge to the temptation to put pupils in separate boxes

• We do not like adults being segregated in our societies

• In our schools, by working towards personalisation, we take de-segregation-inclusion-forward

• It will not be easy, but the benefits for all will be great