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What is Network Administration ?? Network administration can be defined as: “branch of engineering...
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Transcript of What is Network Administration ?? Network administration can be defined as: “branch of engineering...
What is Network Administration ??
Network administration can be defined as: “branch of engineering that concerns the operational management of human-computer systems” [Burgess Ch 1]
A network administrator has different roles[Stallings page 3][Stallings page 3]•Controlling corporate strategic assetsControlling corporate strategic assets•Controlling complexityControlling complexity•Improving serviceImproving service•Balancing various needsBalancing various needs•Reducing downtimeReducing downtime•Controlling costsControlling costs
““F C A P S”F C A P S”• Fault ManagementFault Management• Configuration & Name Configuration & Name
ManagementManagement• Account ManagementAccount Management• Performance ManagementPerformance Management• Security ManagementSecurity Management
The core management areas
Fault managementThe facilities that enable the
detection, isolation, and correction
of abnormal operation of the OSI environment.
Configuration and Name Management
The services and facilities that • control• identify• collect and provide data
to clients and managed objects,so assisting in continuous
operation of interconnection services.
OSI - Account Management
The facilities that enable charges to be established for the use of managed objects and costs to be identified for the use of those managed objects.
OSI - Performance Management
The Facilities needed to evaluate Behaviour of managed objects Effectiveness of communication
activities
OSI - Security Management
Address those aspects of OSI security essential to: operate OSI network management
correctly and to protect managed objects
Definitions??
How does Network Administration work in Practice?
Let’s look at how Network Management is Organised…
NetworkHardware
Applications Division of Labour
Structure of Systems and Network Management Organisation
Corporate Networked EnvironmentsHave team(s) of specialists in various areasWell defined tasks job descriptions
In small networks usually one person multi-skilled and multi-tasked
In reality – often somewhere in between….
Tasks of a Network Administrator
Security ManagementPerformance ManagementPlanning for GrowthFault Management and RecoveryAccount/User ManagementNetworked Application Support
Planning for Growth
A Network (or any organisation) is not staticGrowth means increased load on a network. This must be planned for….Systems eventually need replacement. This must be planned for – in advance…
Fault Management and Recovery
Monitoring Reporting status
Testing Fixes and Patches Updates Repairs Change Management
Account / User ManagementCommunication Facilities Connection - Rental - Charges
Hardware Usage Lease - Rent - Hire
Consumables Usage Power, Paper, Media (Diskettes, CDs…)
Software Usage Licensing, Tolls, Application usage
Account / User Management
Accounts are Managed for: Intrusion detection / prevention Charging for Services Legal protection of the Organisation
Networked Application Support
Client / Server systems supportInternet supportServer support Applications and Hardware
Helpdesk Trouble report / Bug fixes Printing eMail
How to be a Sys/Net Admin(yet another Job Description…)
Learn Operating System basics eg UnixLearn shell utilities and script programmingLearn how to Install and Configure OSLearn DNS and BindLearn TCP/IP networkingLearn NFS and NIS (or equivalent…)Learn about system tuning and accountingLearn Compile and Link (eg C and make)
SAGE SysAdmin Job Descriptions
http://www.sage-au.org.au/
http://sageweb.sage.org/jobs/thefield/jobs-descriptions.html
Goals of System/Network Administration
Put together a network of computersGet them runningKeep them running (despite Users….)Provide a Service to UsersRequires skills of Mechanic Sociologist Researcher
Challenges of System/Network Administration
Systems or Network Administration is more than just installing computers or networks.It is about planning and designing an efficient community of computers that allow users to get their jobs done.
Challenges of AdministrationDesign Logical, Efficient networksEasily deploy & update many machinesDecide what services are needed know the business tasks & customers
Plan and implement adequate securityProvide comfortable User environmentBe able to fix errors and problemsKeep track of & be able to use knowledge
PRACTICEConvention or The Best Solution
PRACTICE = “How things are done here”
Have you ever wondered…Why are things done in certain ways? Which way is best? Usually it’s
because:Someone did it once, and everyone copied without really thinking about itPeople have thought much about it and this really is the best way…An arbitrary choice was made, and it is now a matter of convention
Comparison of System/Network Management Styles
Fire-Fighting Managing by responding to situations when
they happen (Reactive)
Preventative management Monitor network and make repairs and
changes before problems appear (Proactive)
These are two opposite extremes. Most real managers combine both.
Fire-Fighting
Investigate the Fault or Problem Isolate the problem and
identify/define it Use tests and tools to diagnose the
problem Solve the problem and document the
solution
Prioritize multiple problems
Preventative Management Techniques
Capacity PlanningSimulation and Testing load generators Benchmarks
Performance Monitors and System Tuning Network analysis and modelling Load balancing Hardware upgrades
Sources of Information for System/Network Administrators
Manuals and Online DocumentationWorld Wide WebRFCs, FYIs, IENsNews groups, Discussion lists, WebLogsMeetings and Seminars SAGE/Usenix, Novell Brainshare, Microsoft
TechNet/TechEd
How-To books