What is Life?

A “little” history…

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory

7 MUST HAVE Characteristics of Living Things:

1. It obtains and uses energy

2. It grows and develops

3. It reproduces

4. It responds to the environment including movement

5. It breathes/respires (exchange of gasses)

6. It produces waste

7. It is made up of cells

Is it made up of cells?

Cells

Eukaryotes(has a nucleus)

UnicellularEx. Protists

MulticellularEx. Plants

and Animals

Prokaryotes(No Nucleus)

Ex. bacteria

A View of the Cell

Cell Features

Discovering the Cell

Robert Hooke-1655– used a microscope

to study cork; coined the term “cell” b/c they looked like cells in a monastery where monks lived!

Anton van Leeuwenhoek– first person to record looking at

water under a microscope

Matthias Schleiden – 1838

- Observed that plants are composed of cells

Theodor Schwann – 1838

- Observed that animals are composed of cells

Rudolph Virchow – 1859

- Determined that cells come from other cells; cells are not spontaneously generated.

I. Introduction to the Cell

Cell Theory

– All living organisms are made upof one or more cells.

– Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in organisms.

– All cells come from preexisting cells.

Cells are the building blocks of you.

Cells form tissue

Tissue forms organs

Organs form systems

Systems form organisms

Reflection: Why is this important?

It helps us to understand how we are made and how we are similar.

Success is:

Listening and taking good notesColoring the cells correctly

Cell Shape—they can all be different! The shape of a cell depends on its

function.

– Most cells contain a variety of membrane- bound ORGANELLES - cell parts that PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS FOR THE CELL

Internal Organization

– A Large Organelle near the Center of the Cell is the NUCLEUS.  IT CONTAINS THE CELL'S GENETIC INFORMATION (DNA) AND CONTROLS THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CELL.

– DNA – Genetic information

located in chromosomes

“BRAIN” of the cell

Other Organelles

MITOCHONDRIA – this bean-shaped structure is the cell’s energy center. It turns sugars into chemical energy.

“Powerhouse” of the cell

Other Organelles

CYTOPLASM – jelly-like substance that support/protects the organelles

VACUOLE – storage area for water and other substances, plant cells usually have one large central vacuole (animal cells have 2-3 small vacuoles)

CELL MEMBRANE

• Selectively permeable (semi-permeable) ; it regulates what comes into the cell and what leaves the cell

• Provides support and protection

Similar to our skin

Have additional structures• CELL WALL – surrounds the membrane and

provides additional support

• CHLOROPLASTS – contain green pigment called Chlorophyll, used in photosynthesis

• CENTRAL VACUOLE – large water container in the center of the cell

Plant Cells