What is Information?

Data:

Collection of facts (opinions, demographics, statistics)

But Data is not information…

Data:Collection of facts (opinions, demographics, statistics)

This may not be Information:

Not this


Information: * A message received and understood


Information: A message received and understood * A collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn


Information: A message received and understood A collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn * Knowledge acquired through study, or experience, or instruction


Information: A message received and understood A collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn Knowledge acquired through study, or experience, or instruction * Information as the result of processing, manipulating and organizing data in a way that adds to the knowledge of the personreceiving it.

Information:

Something that changes what you know.

Suppose you received these reports:

Suppose you already knew everything in these reports:

Would you still want to pay for these reports?

Information:

Something that changes whatyou know.

Information:

It is a commodity.

Information:

It is a commodity.It is property.

Information:

1. Value Dependent upon the value of decisions that can be made with a change in what you know.

Information:

1. Value Dependent upon the value of decisions that can be made with a change in what you know.

Value = Benefit - Costs

Value = Benefit - Costs

In a business sensethe value of information could be

Negative.

Information:

1. Value2. Amount Not dependent upon length or complexity

Information:

1. Value2. Amount Not dependent upon length or complexity

Amount is inversely proportional to the probability of the message

Claude Shannon

Three picturesEach has the same number of pixels


So each has the same amount of:


So each has the same amount of: DATA


Each was judged to have the same amount of artistic and esthetical appeal.


Each was judged to have the same amount of Artistic and esthetical appeal.

So each as the same amount of:


Each was judged to have the same amount of Artistic and esthetical appeal.

So each as the same amount of: Quality

The print media stays in businessby selling advertisements andinfluence

Because….

People will be attracted to the media when they find something that they didn’t already know.

In other words… people are attracted toand buy

Information

Even if it is wrong!

Editors will then buymaterial that will sell….

This the key to doingsuccessful PR!

Three pictures

A. People enjoying a nice afternoon by an office building

Three pictures

B. A map of a new high-rise business building.

Three pictures

C. President Obama meeting with a real alien

Three pictures

A. People enjoying a nice afternoon by an office buildingB. A map of a new high-rise business buildingC. Obama meeting an alien

Which one will be worth the most money?

Three pictures

A. People enjoying a nice afternoon by an office buildingB. A map of a new high-rise business building C. Obama meeting an alien

Which one that has the lowest probability!

Information:

1. Value2. Amount3. “Goodness” Ability to be used to make correct decisions.

“Goodness” Ability to be used to make correct decisions.• Reliability

“Goodness” Ability to be used to make correct decisions.• Reliability• Validity

“Goodness” Ability to be used to make correct decisions.• Reliability• Validity• Relevancy

“Goodness” Ability to be used to make correct decisions.• Reliability• Validity• Relevancy• Currency

“Goodness” Ability to be used to make correct decisions.• Reliability• Validity• Relevancy• Currency• Sufficiency

“Goodness” Ability to be used to make correct decisions.• Reliability• Validity• Relevancy• Currency• Sufficiency• Efficiency

Try: http://www.jimloy.com/puzz/puzz.htm

http://www.jimloy.com/puzz/puzz.htm

Information:

1. Value2. Amount3. “Goodness”4. Evaluation

Information:

Evaluation• Who produced it?

Information:

Evaluation• Who produced it?• When was it produced?

Information:

Evaluation• Who produced it?• When was it produced?• How was it produced?

Information:

Evaluation• Who produced it?• When was it produced?• How was it produced?• How was it analyzed?

Information:

Evaluation• Who produced it?• When was it produced?• How was it produced?• How was it analyzed?• Why was it produced?

Information:

Evaluation• Who produced it?• When was it produced?• How was it produced?• How was it analyzed?• Why was it produced?• Who benefits from this information?

Information:

Evaluation• Who produced it?• When was it produced?• How was it produced?• How was it analyzed?• Why was it produced?• Who benefits from this information?• Why is this information available to me?

Information:

Warning signs:

Information:

Warning signs:1. Confirms what you have always known.

Information:

Warning signs:• Confirms what you have always known.• Confirms what you WANT to believe.

Information:

Warning signs:• Confirms what you have always known.• Confirms what you WANT to believe. • Contradicts what you have always known.

http://www.drudgereport.com/

Let’s give it a try….

http://www.drudgereport.com/

Campaign Trail news |

Obama opens 14-point lead in new poll

CBS News/New York Times survey shows larger gap than other polls.

USA Today 10/15/08

http://content.usatoday.com/community/tags/topic.aspx?req=ssts&tag=news

http://blogs.usatoday.com/onpolitics/2008/10/whats-new-8.html

http://blogs.usatoday.com/onpolitics/2008/10/whats-new-8.html

CBSNYT POLL: 'OBAMA HAS 14-POINT LEAD'...

ZOGBY WEDNESDAY: OBAMA 48.2%, MCCAIN 44.4%... NOT SURE 7.4%...

RASMUSSEN: OBAMA 50% MCCAIN 45%...

10/15/08

http://www.gallup.com/poll/113980/Gallup-Daily-Obama-Job-Approval.aspx

http://www.gallup.com/poll/113980/Gallup-Daily-Obama-Job-Approval.aspx

Information:

Warning signs:• Confirms what you have always known.• Confirms what you WANT to believe. • Contradicts what you have always known. • Is GOOD THINK.

Information:

GOOD THINK:The “proper” way to think about any topic.The “politically correct” way to think.

George Orwell book “1984”

Global Warming

Global warming demands US attention


Inhofe Defends ‘Global Warming Is The Greatest Hoax’ Comment: ‘I Think I Was Right’



Candidates must face global warming



Cycle just might be cooling trend






Ecologists raise global warming alarm at UN




Boise Breaks Early Snow Record, Where's the Global warming?


Ecologists raise global warming alarm at UN

http://www.climatedepot.com/

http://www.climatedepot.com/

Pay no attention to global-warming alarmists

Five strange, terrifying consequences of global warming

Global Warming and Carbon Dioxide Ethics

UW prof proposes cloud experiment to fight global warming

Headlines from 8/27/2012

http://www.salon.com/2012/08/27/five_strange_terrifying_consequences_of_global_warming/

http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/

What is the scientific problem with using current weather patterns to verify global warming?

What we know about climate change and droughthttp://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2012/07/24/what-we-know-about-climate-change-and-drought/

“And the short version is this: Droughts have multiple causes. The United States has suffered worse droughts in the past. It’s not yet clear whether we’ve reached the point where global warming is making droughts worse again, at least in North America. But evidence suggests that droughts will become more intense in many parts of the world if the planet keeps heating up — a trend that could disrupt the world’s food supply.”

Link between global warming and drought questionedhttp://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21628914.600-link-between-global-warming-and-drought-questioned.html

“Roger Pielke Jr. of the University of Colorado in Boulder says that since the PDSI uses a formula that assumes higher temperatures cause more droughts, it was hardly surprising that it finds a link.”

http://dailycaller.com/2011/08/28/gore-global-warming-skeptics-are-this-generations-racists/

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/energy/6491195/Al-Gore-could-become-worlds-first-carbon-billionaire.html

What is Information?

Documents

Transcript of What is Information?