What is in the OBC SB-10 Update?

Ontario Gets Serious about Energy Use in New Buildings

1

What is in the OBC SB-10 Update?

Ontario Gets Serious about Energy Use

in New Buildings

Steve Kemp P.Eng., M.A.Sc., B.Sc., B.Eng.

2

Introduction

3

OBC Introduced SB-10 in 2007 Prescribed minimum energy performance MNECB + ASHRAE 90.1-2004

Update published in July 2011, effective Jan 2012 Update is implementation of ASHRAE 90.1-2010 +

ASHRAE 189.1-2009 envelope values Three methods of compliance Performance Prescriptive + envelope trade-off Prescriptive

Today will focus on prescriptive path

Agenda

4

What does the code say SB-10 Division 3 Enclosures requirements

Common constructions that may no longer be compliant How to “fix” them

Mechanical/Electrical requirements

SB-10 Division 4: Part 9 Non-Residential Enclosure requirements Mechanical/Electrical requirements

Compliance paths Closing remarks

Documents involved in the Code OBC 2006 Supplementary Standard

SB-10, July 1, 2010 Update http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/P

age9528.aspx http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/A

ssetFactory.aspx?did=9227

5

Documents involved in the Code ASHRAE 90.1-2010

(and User’s Manual) ASHRAE 189.1-2009

(and User’s Manual) http://www.techstreet.com/

ashraegate.html

6

Documents involved in the Code MNECB 1997 http://www.nrc-

cnrc.gc.ca/eng/ibp/irc/codes/97-energy-code-buildings.html

FYI: NECB-2011 is now published (not currently a part of OBC)

7

SB-10 July 2011 Division 1: General

8

Energy Efficiency after December 31, 2011 Division 3: All buildings to conform to of SB-10 July 2011 update

i.e. all non Part 9 buildings

Except when within the scope of Division B Part 9 then,

Division 4 of SB 10:

if the building is within the scope of Part 9 Div B of the OBC and, does not contain a residential occupancy, and does not use electric space heating, and, is intended for occupancy on a continuing basis during the winter months

i.e. most Non-Residential Part 9 buildings

SB-10 Division 3

9

1.1.2 Energy Efficiency Three paths to demonstrate performance

Building shall use

25% less energy than MNECB – Energy Modeling 5 % less energy than ASHRAE 90.1-2010 – Energy Modeling Not exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2010 and Chapter 2 (which replaces the 90.1enclosure

performance values) – Energy Modeling or Prescriptive

Exceptions Heritage buildings Any building space which uses less than 12 W/m² peak energy Temporary structures Warehouses and storage rooms with design temperature under 10°C Primarily intended for manufacturing processing, commercial processing or

industrial processing And other exceptions…

SB-10 Div 3: Examples of Exemptions

10

OBC Compliance Paths

11

OBC Compliance

90.1-2010 + Chapter 2

90.1 + Chapter 2 Mandatories

90.1 Prescriptive + Chapter 2

Energy modeling against 90.1 +

Chapter 2 prescriptive

25% Less than MNECB MNECB Mandatories

Energy Modeling against MNECB

prescriptive

5% Less than 90.1 2010 90.1 Mandatories

Energy modeling against 90.1 prescriptive

Today’s Focus

Today’s Presentation of Materials for Division 3

12

Largely will follow 90.1-2010 organization

Will note SB-10 revisions (hint mostly in envelope)

Today’s emphasis is on envelope

Some attention paid to mechanical / electrical

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 / SB-10 Prescriptive Path

13

Outlines minimum performance parameters for: Wall, Roofs, Windows elements etc.

Prescriptive and performance paths for insulation Weighted U-value allowed for some trade-offs within element type Envelope Trade-off calculations required for trade-offs across element

types

Maximum fenestration-to-wall ratio 40% Installed lighting power density Receptacle requirements Labeling (insulation, fenestration) HVAC plant minimum performance requirements (boilers, chillers) HVAC distribution performance requirements (fans, pumps) etc

Division 3 Chapter 2

14

Enforces ASHRAE 90.1 2010 as minimum energy code for OBC

Provides revisions to 90.1-2010 Section 1 “Purpose” Section 2 “Scope” Section 3 “Definitions” Section 4 “Administration and Enforcement” Section 5 “Building Envelope” Section 6 “HVAC” Section 7 “Service Hot Water” Section 10 “Other Equipment” (electric motors)

90.1-2010 Section 1 Purpose: To establish minimum energy

efficiency requirements of buildings other than low-rise residential

Note: ASHRAE is rebranding, not just HVAC&R anymore

15

90.1 Adoption as Building Code Most widely adopted building energy standard in North

America British Columbia 90.1-2004

Vancouver 90.1-2007

Ontario 90.1-2010 +

189.1-2009 envelope

16

90.1 History of Energy Improvements

17

0

100

200

300

400

500

Before 1920 1920-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2004

Tota

l Ene

rgy

Inte

nsity

(ekW

h/m

²)

Year building was contructed

Energy Use of All Buildings – By Age of Construction

Ref: Commercial and Institutional Building Energy Use, NRCAN 2005

Zero energy buildings by year 3300

18

90.1-2010 Section 2

19

Scope Establishes Energy Efficiency requirements for:

New Buildings and their systems New portions of buildings and their systems New systems and equipment in existing buildings!

SB-10 does not enforce any requirement for existing buildings Part 11 currently does not enforce any energy requirements for renovations

New equipment or building systems specifically identified in the standard that are a part of industrial or manufacturing processes

Establishes Criteria for identifying compliance! OBC largely silent regarding details of this, look to your local code

official! – more on this in end of session discussion Does not apply to:

Single family homes, multi family buildings under 3 stories, manufactures homes, or buildings that do not connect to utilities Note: non-grid connected buildings have other reasons to greatly exceed this

code!

90.1-2010 Section 3

20

Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms OK sounds boring… BUT

How to interpret RATED R-VALUE How to interpret SPANDREL How to interpret METAL ROOF How to interpret ADOPTING AUTHORITY How to interpret BASELINE BUILDING DESIGN How to interpret ATTIC ROOF How to interpret SKYLIGHT How to interpret FENESTRATION AREA How to interpret F-FACTOR, U-FACTOR, C-FACTOR How to interpret CONTINUOUS INSULATION! AND LOTS OF OTHER STUFF!

Read this section! (hint spandrel, U-factor, Continuous Insulation) FYI: Spandrel sucks!

90.1-2010 Section 4

21

Administration and Enforcement Interpretations, claims of exemption and rights of appear are

specified by the authority having jurisdiction Conflict with other laws, codes etc, to be determined by

authority having jurisdiction Normative Appendices are considered a part of the standard

90.1 Section 5 90.1 Requirements SB-10 Revisions

22

90.1 – Air Barriers / Vestibules 5.4.3.1 Continuous Air Barrier Clearly identified or otherwise

noted on construction documents for each assembly

The joints, interconnections and penetrations shall be detailed or otherwise noted

5.4.3.1.A. Air Barrier Materials, Assemblies and Systems (1) The air barrier materials,

assemblies and systems that are in conformance with Part 5 of Division B of the Building Code shall be deemed to be in compliance with Sentence 5.4.3.1.3 and Sentence 5.4.3.2.

5.4.3.4 Shall have vestibules, exceptions: Building entrances with

revolving doors Doors not intended to be a

building entrance Doors opening directly from a

dwelling unit Building is less than 90 m² Doors separate from the

building entrance that open unto a space under 280 m²

23

Division 3 Chapter 2 Revision

24

Mandatories insulation details introduced from MNECB 1997

Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Slab Insulation 5.5.3.5.1 Slabs. Insulation

continuity shall be maintained in the design of slab edge insulation systems. Continuity shall be maintained from the wall insulation through the slab/wall/footing intersection to the body of the slab edge insulation. Several representative configurations are illustrated in Figure 5-1

25

Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Insulation Continuity 5.5.3.5.2 Where insulative

continuity is impossible because of structural constraints, a minimum overlapping of insulation is acceptable. The insulation must overlap by a distance equal to (or greater than) four times the minimum insulation separation, as shown in Figure 5-2.

26

Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Thermal Bridging 5.5.3.7 For the purposes of Section 5,

the effects of thermal bridging are waived for: intermediate structural connections of

continuous steel shelf angles (or similar structural element) used to support the building facade provided there is a thermal break between the remaining contact surface of the supporting element and the building structure. This provision is intended to substantially reduce thermal bridging effects caused by the continuous bearing between structural elements supporting building facade and the building frame (ie. steel shelf angle attached to perimeter floor slab to support brick veneer), or

structural connections of load bearing elements where a thermal break cannot be achieved

27

Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Thermal Bridging 5.5.3.8 In addition to the exceptions

permitted above, the effects of thermal bridging are also waived for: a) exposed structural projections of

buildings where the total cross-sectional area of the exposed element does not exceed 2% of the exterior building envelope area and the cross-sectional area of the exposed structural element is measured where it penetrates the insulation component of the building envelope. (For example, if the total cross-sectional area of cantilevered concrete balconies and other projections penetrating the insulation component of the building envelope does not exceed 2% of the exterior building envelope area, their thermal bridging effects need not be taken into account)

28

Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Thermal Bridging Cont’d 5.5.3.8 In addition to

the exceptions permitted above, the effects of thermal bridging are also waived for: b) ties in masonry construction, c) flashing, and d) top exposed portion of

foundation walls provided the exposure does not exceed 200 mm measured from the top of the foundation wall to the top of exterior wall insulation which meets the minimum insulation RSI-Value for wall below grade stipulated in the appropriate Tables. (See Figure 5-3)

29

90.1 Section 5 Building Envelope Climate Definitions Many prescriptive

requirements depend on climate

ASHRAE Climate Zones: 1 thru 8 Modifier (HVAC):

A – Moist B – Dry C – Marine

Ontario climates are: 5 thru 7 all A – moist

30

90.1 Section 5 Building Envelope Climate Definitions (SB-10 revision highlight)

31

If space is electrically heated, then ALWAYS use Zone 7

90.1 Chapter 5 Building Envelope Climate Requirements (SB-10 revision highlight)

Climate Zone 5: Brantford Mississauga Hamilton Sarnia Windsor

Climate Zone 6: Kitchener/Waterloo Toronto Kingston Ottawa

Climate Zone 7: Cochrane North Bay Sudbury Thunder Bay Northern Ontario!

32

90.1 Chapter 5 Space Conditioning Categories 90.1 Section 5.5 Comply with Tables

(SB5.5-5 thru -7) Minimum RATED R-values

of insulation Maximum U-Factor, C-

Factor or F-Factor Appendix A tables Appendix A9 calculations 2-D calculations (e.g. Therm)

33

90.1 Chapter 5 How to Use Envelope Tables Determine envelope

category Roof

Insulation above deck Metal Building Attic & other

Walls above grade Mass Metal Building Steel-framed Wood-framed & other

Etc.

Determine space conditioning category Non-Residential Residential Semi-heated

Determine Climate Zone 5, 6 or 7

Today’s examples will be: Climate Zone 6 Non-Residential

34

90.1 Chapter 5 – Roof Requirements (SB-10 revisions)

35

Roofs: Metal Building: a roof that: is constructed with a metal, structural, weathering surface has no ventilated cavity, and has the insulation entirely below “deck”

90.1 Chapter 5 – Roof Requirements (SB-10 revisions)

36

ci (continuous insulation): Insulation that is continuous across all structural members without thermal bridges other than fasteners and service openings. It is installed on the interior or exterior or is integral to any opaque surface of the building envelope

ASHRAE Appendix A Assembly U-Factors for Roofs with Insulation Above Deck

37

ASHRAE Appendix A Assembly U-Factors for Metal Roofs

38

ASHRAE Appendix A Assembly U-Factors for Wood Joists, Single Rafter Roof

39

ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix A Roof Assembly U-Factors

40

Available Tables: A2.2 Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above Deck A2.3 Metal Building Roofs A2.4 Attic Roofs with Wood Joists A2.4.2 Single Rafter Roofs A2.5 Attic Roofs with Steel Joists

90.1 Section 5 – Above Grade Wall Requirements (SB-10 revisions)

41

Steel Framed Wall: Includes curtain-wall / window-wall spandrel panel

42

ASHRAE Appendix A Above-Grade Concrete Walls & Masonry Walls

43

No Listed Concrete or Masonry wall with continuous metal framing can meet code.

ASHRAE Appendix A Above-Grade Concrete Walls & Masonry Walls

44

ASHRAE Appendix A Above-Grade Concrete Walls & Masonry Walls

45

ASHRAE Appendix A Metal Building Walls

46

ASHRAE Appendix A Steel-Frame Walls

47

ASHRAE Appendix A Wall Assembly U-Factors

48

Available Tables: A3.1A Above-Grade Concrete Walls and Masonry Walls

A3.1B U-Factors, C-Factors, Ru, Rc and HC for Concrete A3.1C U-Factors, C-Factors, Ru, Rc and HC for Concrete

Block Walls A3.1D Effective R-Values for Insulation/Framing Layers

Added to Above/Below Grade Mass Wall

A3.2 Metal Building Walls A3.3 Steel-Frame Walls A3.4 Wood-Frame Walls

13 mm drywall 102 mm steel stud @ 400

mm oc 13 mm exterior sheathing 102 mm z-girt @

600 mm oc with semi-rigid

Metal siding

Metal Cladding with Z-Girts

49

Metal Cladding with Z-Girts

Nominal R-15 OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F Actual R-8.6 Assembly: U-0.116 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

50

13 mm drywall 102 mm steel stud @ 400

mm oc 13 mm exterior sheathing 51 mm z-girt @

600 mm oc with spray foam

51 mm z-girt @ 600 mm oc with spray foam

Metal siding

Metal Cladding with Orthogonal Z-Girts and Spray Foam

51

Metal Cladding with X Z-Girts and Spray Foam

52

Nominal R-24 OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F Actual R-21 Assembly: U-0.048 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

Spandrel ??

53

Nominal R-14 OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F Actual R-4.0 Assembly: U-0.250 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

Spandrel will be challenging (condensation?)

54

With 1” XPS interior insulation Nominal R-19 Actual R-9.1 OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F Assembly: U-0.11 BTU/hr-ft²-°F With 2” XPS interior insulation Nominal R-24 Actual R-14.2 OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F Assembly: U-0.070 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

Spandrel – 3D Results (ASHRAE RP-1365 by Morrison Hershfield)

55

Spandrel – 3D Results (ASHRAE RP-1365 by Morrison Hershfield)

56

90.1 Section 5 – Below Grade and Floor Requirements (SB-10 revisions)

57

ASHRAE Appendix A Slab on Grade Floors

58

90.1 Section 5 – Maximum Fenestration Area

59

5.5.4.2.1 Vertical Fenestration Area The total vertical

fenestration area shall be less than 40% of the gross wall area

R3

R4

R2 Modern

Old

Perhaps this is the reason why?

60

Glass and the Walls they’re in… - John Straube

61

Windows in the Whole Building - Daylighting

Study by: Athanassios Tzempelikos (Concordia)

35% Fenestration to Wall ratio yields 90% of the daylight as 100% FWR

Courtesy: Athanassios Tzempelikos

62

Windows in the Whole Building - Energy LBNL Building Design

Advisor Curtainwall – Vancouver City Library

63

And that’s just the recent information! R. Sullivan, E.S. Lee, S.

Selkowitz, LBNL “A Method of Optimizing

Solar Control and Daylighting Performance in Commercial Office Buildings”

September 1992

64

Further back in history… Johnson C A. Besant R W.,

Schoenau G J., University of Saskatchewan “Economic preferred

window orientation and optimum fenestration design of a non-daylit and daylit large office building for different climatic conditions and different billing structures” - 1986

Best LCC (not energy) in Saskatoon… No Windows!

No low-e or Argon back

then

Other locals 10-15% FWR

65

90.1 Section 5 – Fenestration Requirements (SB-10 revisions)

66

Window heat loss Flanking (and

installation)

Frame Edge of Glass Centre of Glass

glazing system U-value

Curtain Wall Plan View

67

90.1 Section 5 – Determining Fenestration Performance

68

5.8.2 Vertical Fenestration U-Factors & SHGC shall be determined in accordance with: Standard NRFC 100 or CSA-A440.2 or 90.1-2010 Table A8.2 – not recommended!

90.1 Section 5 – Determining Fenestration Performance

69

90.1 Section 5 – Determining Fenestration Performance FramePlus Online for

project estimating

Need supplier CSA/NFRC rating for code compliance

http://tools.enermodal.com/webframeplus

http://cmast.nfrc.org

70

FramePlus Online Curtain-Wall Performance

71

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Fene

stra

tion

Sys

tem

U-v

alue

Curtain Wall Frame Thermal Break Size in mm

Curtain Wall System U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]

Dbl SB60 Argon

Tpl SB60 Argon

Climate Zone 5 & 6

Climate Zone 7

FramePlus Online Punched Alum Window Performance

72

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Fene

stra

tion

Sys

tem

U-v

alue

Aluminum Frame Thermal Break Size in mm

Punched Aluminum Window U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]

Dbl SB60 Argon

Tpl SB60 Argon

Climate Zone 5 & 6

Climate Zone 7

FramePlus Online Casement/Awning Alum Window Performance

73

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Fene

stra

tion

Sys

tem

U-v

alue

Aluminum Frame Thermal Break Size in mm

Casement/Awning Aluminum Window U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]

Dbl SB60 Argon

Tpl SB60 Argon

Climate Zone 5 & 6

Climate Zone 7

90.1 Section 5 Limits of Prescriptive Compliance

74

Prescriptive Compliance with 90.1-2010/SB-10 Prescriptive Building Envelope Option, provided that,

the vertical fenestration area is 40% or less of gross wall area for each space-conditioning category and

the skylight fenestration area 5% or less of gross roof area for each space-conditioning category

U/C/F-Factor area weighted trade-off

90.1 Section 5 Minimum Skylight Area

75

5.5.4.2.3 Minimum Skylight Fenestration Area for Climate Zone 5! 1% to 3% of roof area (read for details) For spaces with

In building four stories or less roof height of 4.6 m or greater and Floor area of 465 m² or greater Of type: office, lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, non-refrigerated warehouse or

storage, gymnasium, convention center, automotive service, manufacturing, retail, distribution/sorting area, transportation or workshop

Exemptions for:

General lighting power less than 5.4 W/m² Site conditions and/or architectural features would block skylight (read for details) Skylight area can be reduced to account for sidelight

90.1 Section 5 SHGC of Vertical Fenestration

76

5.5.4.4.1 SHGC of Vertical Fenestration Comply with Tables SB5.5-5 thru -7 (maximum SHGC) Modifier allowed for permanent architectural features that

shade window Exceptions for street side fenestration (read for details):

provided street-level story 6 m high or less and has a continuous overhang

90.1 Section 5 Fenestration Orientation

77

5.5.4.5 Fenestration Orientation “South” Fenestration Area must greater or equal to “west” and

“east” As ≥ Aw and As ≥ Ae

Exceptions for nearly any site restrictions Topography, adjacent structures within 6 meters Exceptions for 5.5.4.4.1 (street side fenestration)

90.1 Section 5 Labeling

78

5.8.2 Labeling of Fenestration and Doors All products shall have a permanent nameplate installed by the

manufacturer OR Signed and Dated certification from manufacturer

U-factor, SHGC, VT, air leakage rate NRFC / CSA evaluation for performance values

Or use Appendix A values for Door, Windows

Remember vertical fenestration table!

90.1 Section 5 Envelope Trade-Offs within Prescriptive Path – Area Weighted

79

Area weighted U / C / F factors within Class of construction and Space conditioning category

Can trade off: Steel Framed / Non-Residential Walls with

Steel Framed / Non-Residential Walls

Attic / Non-Residential Roof with Attic / Non-Residential Roof

Metal Framing Vertical Fenestration Residential with Metal Framing Vertical Fenestration Residential

Complying with Prescriptive Envelope: Area Weighted U-Factor

Gross Walls

15,020 U-Factor Reff W1 Spandrel 4,735 31.5% 0.154 6.5 W2 Steel Frame 4,735 31.5% 0.055 18.2 Window 5,550 37.0%

Uavg 0.104 Ravg 9.576

Gross Walls 15,020 U-Factor Reff W1 Spandrel 4,735 31.5% 0.154 6.5 W2 Steel Frame 4,735 31.5% 0 Infinite! Window 5,550 37.0%

Uavg 0.077 Ravg 13.000

Gross Walls 15,020 U-Factor Reff W1 Spandrel 2,368 15.7% 0.154 6.5 W2 Steel Frame 7,103 47.3% 0.022 45.5 Window 5,550 37.0%

Uavg 0.055 Ravg 18.195

U-Factor Target for Steel Frames Walls: 0.055

80

Envelope Trade-Offs within Prescriptive Path – Building Envelope Trade-off 90.1 Section 5.6 comply with:

5.1General 5.4 Mandatories 5.7 Submittals 5.8 Product information and

installation requirements

the envelope performance factor is less than or equal to budget building Appendix C calculations

Do not try this at home!

Software Tool: ENVSTD OBC version being developed

81

ENVSTD Software (Version 4.0 Shown)

82

OBC Version being developed Exceeding 50-60% fenestration will still be a challenge

with only envelope trade-offs

Building Envelope Compliance Summary

84

Prescriptive Weighted U-Value / SHGC

Envelope Trade-Off

Whole Building Energy Model

FWR ≤40% ≤40% ≤40% in baseline ≤40% in baseline

Fenestration

Tables SB5.5-5 thru -7

Tables SB5.5-5 thru -7 and within same assembly type and conditioned space

Compared to Tables SB5.5-5 thru -7

Compared to Tables SB5.5-5 thru -7 and HVAC / Electrical prescriptive targets

Walls

Roof

90.1 Section 6: 90.1 Requirements SB-10 Revisions Mostly just Canadian

Standards

85

HVAC Section 6 Heating/Cooling Peformance Mandatory Minimum

Equipment Efficiencies Tables 6.8.1 A-K

Equipment not regulated by NAECA shall have permanent label stating compliance with 90.1

Equipment Minimum Efficiency

Air Conditioners COP 3.2 – 3.8

Heat Pumps COPc >3.2 COPh > 2.2

Chillers Air Cooled COP IPLV > 3.6 Reciprocating COP IPLV > 5.6 Centrifugal COP IPLV > 5.9

Furnaces > 78% AFUE or > 80% thermal efficiency

Boilers under 88 kW / 300 MBH 80% Over 733 kW / 2500 MBH 82%

Heat Rejection Axial Fan Open-circuit >3.23 L/(s-kW) Centrifugal Fan Open-circuit >1.7 L/(s-kW)

Axial Fan Closed-circuit >1.7 L/(s-kW) Centrifugal Fan Closed-circuit 0.59 L/(s-kW)

86

90.1 Section 6 HVAC Controls

87

6.4.3.1.2/6.4.3.3.2 Thermostats must be capable of 3°C dead band and setback (some exceptions)

6.4.3.9 Ventilation Controls for spaces with high occupancy Demand Control Ventilation required for (some exceptions):

Spaces > 50 m² and Occupancy > 40 occ / 100m²

6.4.2.10 Single Zone Equipment Air handling and fan-coil units using chiller water with greater than 4

kW (5.4 hp) fan motors Must have variable speed controls

Air handing equipment and air-conditioner with DX cooling greater then 32 kW (9 tons) Must have 2-speed or variable speed fans

90.1 Section 6 – Free Cooling Economizers

88

6.5.1 Have either a air-side or water side economizer, unless Less than 16 kW / 4.5 tons cooling or 40 kW / 11 tons in computer

rooms Hospitals and ambulatory surgery center with humidification (note

computer rooms humidification need not apply) System includes condenser heat recovery that meets minimum loads Residential systems where the space capacity is less than 3.2 kW /

0.9 ton Operates less than 20 hours per week Space is very leaky (infiltration) Use of outdoor air for cooling will affect supermarket open

refrigerated casework Otherwise if humidifying (above 2°C dew point) and system uses

hydronic cooling, use water side economizer

90.1 Section 6 Humidity Control

89

6.5.2.3 Dehumidification Controls shall prevent reheating, unless

System is capable of reducing total supply air by 50% or to the minimum ventilation rate (i.e. most any VAV system)

Systems serving areas with humidity controls to satisfy process needs (e.g. vivariums, museums, surgical suites, supermarkets) computer rooms excluded

6.5.2.4 Humidification If humidification above 2°C dew point and system uses

hydronic cooling, use water side economizer not an air side

90.1 Section 6 Fan Power – Option 1: Maximum Nameplate Fan Motor Power

90

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

the

max

imum

com

bine

d m

otor

na

mep

late

hp

the

max

imum

com

bine

d m

otor

nam

plat

e kW

design maximum supply airflow rate to conditioned spaces serve by the system in litres per second

Constant Volume

Variable Volume

90.1 Section 6 Fan Power – Option 2: Maximum Input Fan Motor Power

91

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

the

max

imum

com

bine

d m

otor

inpu

t at d

esig

n co

nditi

ons,

hp

the

max

imum

com

bine

d m

otor

inpo

ut a

t des

ign

coni

dtio

ns, k

W

design maximum supply airflow rate to conditioned spaces serve by the system in litres per second

90.1-2010 Constant Volume with 70% ERV

90.1-2010 Variable Volume with 70% ERV

90.1 Section 6 – Variable Fan Control

92

6.5.3.2.1 All Fan motors > 7.4 kW / 10 hp shall have one of: Variable speed drive Variable pitch blades (axial fans) Other controls capable of achieving 30% energy consumption at 50%

design flow 6.5.3.2.2 Static Pressure Sensor Location Shall be placed such that the controller setpoint is no greater than

1/3 of the design total fan static pressure If this results in the sensor being located downstream of major duct splits,

multiple sensors shall be installed 6.5.3.3 VAV system with DDC Controls Shall reduce O/A rates in response to changes to system ventilation

effectiveness, unless Exhaust air heat recovery is installed Total design exhaust is more than 70% of total design outdoor air

90.1 Section 6 – Hydronic System

93

6.5.4.1 Systems having a total pump system power greater than 7.5 kW / 10 hp shall be variable speed Differential pressure transducer located where greatest

pressure difference will occur

6.5.4.3 Hot or Cold Water systems that exceed 88 kW (300 MBH or 25 tons) shall have supply temperature reset, except If required to have variable speed pumping Where reset causes improper operation

90.1 Section 6 – Exhaust Air Heat Recovery

94

50% energy recovery required for most multi-zone systems

Exempt if the largest single source of

exhaust is less than 75% of O/A rate

More than 60% of outdoor air heating from site solar or site recovered energy

Operates less than 20 hr/week

% Outdoor Air at Full Design Airflow Rate

Design Supply Air Flow Rate

≥ 30% and < 40% > 2596 L/s > 5500 CFM

≥ 40% and < 50% > 2124 L/s > 4500 CFM

≥ 50% and < 60% > 1652 L/s > 3500 CFM

≥ 60% and < 70% > 944 L/s > 2000 CFM

≥ 70% and < 80% > 472 L/s > 1000 CFM

> 80% > 0 > 0

90.1 Section 6 Service Hot Water Heat Recovery

95

6.5.6.2 Condenser heat recovery for preheating/heating SHW shall be installed if all the following are true: Facility operates 24 hours / day Total installed heat rejection capacity of water cooled systems exceed

1800 kW (6150 MBH) ~ 600 tons The design SWH load exceeds 300 kW (1025 MBH) Hospitals and some large MURBs meet these requirements

Condenser heat recovery must either: Supply 60% of peak SHW load Preheat peak service hot water draw to 29°C

Exempt if: Condenser heat recovery is already employed for space heating Facilities supply 60% of DHW heating from site-solar or other site-

recovered heat recovery

90.1 Section 7 90.1 Requirements SB-10 Revisions Canadian Standards 7.4.5.2 Heated exterior

public pools and public spas shall be equipped with a pool cover Unless 60% of their annual

heating from site-recovered or solar sources

96

90.1 Section 8 8.4.2 Automatic Receptacle

Control For private offices, open office

and computer classrooms 50% of receptacles shall have

either Occupancy sensors On a schedule to turn off

during unoccupied hours Any other means to ensure

power is turned off during unoccupied hours

Exceptions where it can be shown that equipment needs to be on continuously

97

90.1 Section 9 Occupant sensor or timer switch

shall be used in: Classrooms and lecture halls Conference, meeting and training

rooms Employee lunch and break rooms Storage and supply rooms (15 to 305

m²) Rooms used for document copying and

printing Office spaces up to 76 m² Restrooms Dressing, locker and fitting rooms

Exception for space With multi-scene control Shop and laboratory classrooms where automatic lights would endanger

safety or security 24-hour operation spaces

98

90.1 Section 9 Lighting Power Density

99

Table 9.5.1 ASHRAE 90.1 LPD using Building Area Method 2007 2010 Reduction Building Area Type W/m2 W/m2 Automotive facility 10 8.8 12% Convention centre 13 11.6 11% Courthouse 13 11.3 13% Dining: bar lounge/leisure 14 10.7 24% Dining: cafeteria/fast food 15 9.7 35% Dining: family 17 9.6 44% Dormitory 11 6.6 40% Exercise centre 11 9.5 14% Fire station N/A 7.6 N/A Gymnasium 12 10.8 10% Health-care clinic 11 9.4 15% Hospital 13 13 0% Hotel 11 10.8 2% Library 14 12.7 9% Manufacturing facility 14 11.9 15% Motel 11 9.5 14%

100

Table 9.5.1 ASHRAE 90.1 LPD using Building Area Method 2007 2010 Reduction Building Area Type W/m2 W/m2 Motion picture theatre 13 8.9 32% Multifamily 8 6.5 19% Museum 12 11.4 5% Office 11 9.7 12% Parking garage 3 2.7 10% Penitentiary 11 10.4 5% Performing arts theatre 17 15 12% Police/fire station 11 10.3 6% Post office 12 9.4 22% Religious builidng 14 11.3 19% Retail 16 15.1 6% School/university 13 10.7 18% Sports arena 12 8.4 30% Town hall 12 9.9 18% Transportation 11 8.3 25% Warehouse 9 7.1 21% Workshop 15 2.9 81%

Average reduction

in LPD 19%

What about Division 4?

101

Division 4 of SB 10: if the building is within the scope of Part 9 Div B of the OBC

and, does not contain a residential occupancy, and does not use electric space heating, and, is intended for occupancy on a continuing basis during the

winter months

i.e. most Non-Residential Part 9 buildings

Division 4 Building Envelope

102

Largely the same as the SB5-5 Tables of Division 3 Fewer climate zone, space categories, envelope types

If Vertical fenestration gross area exceeds 40% or Skylights exceed 5% Use Division 3 paths (including trade-offs and energy modeling)

SB-10 Division 4 – Building Envelope Requirements

103

SB-10 Division 4 – HVAC Requirements

104

Multi-zone systems Revert to Division 3 (90.1-2010 + SB10 Revisions)

Single-zone systems Use Division 3 90.1-2010 equipment performance values

Plus details on next slide…. (largely reminiscent of 90.1-2010)

SB-10 Division 4 Single Zone HVAC Details

105

(4) An air-conditioning system with a cooling capacity of 40 kW or more shall have an economizer, (a) controlled by appropriate high limit shut-off

control, and (b) equipped with either barometric or powered

relief sized to prevent excess pressurization of the building.

(5) Outdoor air dampers for economizer use shall be provided with blade and jamb seals.

(6) A heat recovery ventilator with a recovery effectiveness of 50% or more at the outside winter design temperature shall be provided where the quantity of the outdoor air supplied to the air duct distribution system is, (a) more than 1 400 L/s, and (b) more than 70% of the supply air quantity of

the system. (7) Where a heat recovery ventilator is installed,

the system shall have provisions to bypass or control the heat recovery ventilator to permit operation of the air economizer.

(8) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system shall be controlled by a manual changeover or dual setpoint thermostat.

(9) Except for a system requiring continuous operation, a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system that has a cooling or heating capacity greater than 4.4 kW and a supply fan motor rated for more than 0.5 kW shall be provided with a time clock that, (a) is capable of starting and stopping the system

under different schedules for seven different day-types per week,

(b) is capable of retaining programming and time setting during a loss of power for a period of 10 hours or more,

(c) includes an accessible manual override that allows temporary operation of the system for up to two hours,

(d) is capable of temperature setback down to 13°C during off-hours, and

(e) is capable of temperature setup to 32°C during off-hours.

(10) Where separate heating and cooling equipment serves the same temperature zone, thermostats shall be interlocked to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling.

(11) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system with a design supply air capacity greater than 5000 L/s shall have optimum start controls.

SB-10 Division 4 – Lighting Requirements

106

Largely taken from 90.1-2010

Compliance Paths

107

Prescriptive Pure Prescriptive

FWR 40% or less Meet all envelope, HVAC, lighting requirement

U-Value trade-off Trade off better performing windows/walls/roof with lessor

performing

Envelope Trade-Off (for > 40% FWR) Requires ENVSTD software, 50-60% FWR is likely limit

PERFORMANCE PATHS

Performance Path: 25% Less than MNECB

108

Requires energy modeling Same baseline as LEED Canada 1.x Similar baseline as LEED Canada 2009

LEED requires 23% energy cost savings OBC required 25% energy (GJ) savings

EE4-ecoEnergy Energy modeling software tool Automatically creates baseline building to MNECB rules

Use energy modeling as part of design process Otherwise potentially a surprise ending!

Performance Path: 25% Less than MNECB

109

Design must comply with MNECB mandatory requirements

Reference complies with prescriptive requirements of MNECB

Overall building energy consumption proposed design vs.

reference design regulated loads only

Performance Path: 5% Less than 90.1-2010

110

Requires energy modeling Uses 90.1 Energy Cost Budget Method (ECBM)

LEED Canada 1.0 requires 18% less than 90.1-1999 ECBM LEED Canada 2009 requires 10% less than 90.1-2004 using

Appendix G Energy Modeling Software tools

Meet the requirements of 90.1 section 11.2 Hourly tool, can model thermal mass, part load performance, etc. Tested against ASHRAE 140 standard EE4, eQuest, Trane-trace, HAP, IES, ESP-r

Currently no tool creates 90.1-2010 reference case automatically!!

Use energy modeling as part of design process Otherwise potentially a surprise ending!

Performance Path: 5% Less than 90.1-2010

111

Design must comply with ASHRAE mandatory requirements

Reference complies with prescriptive requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2010

Whole building energy consumption proposed design vs.

reference design regulated loads only

Performance Path: No more than 90.1-2010 & Chapter 2 Design must comply with

ASHRAE mandatory requirements

Design must comply with Chapter 2 mandatory requirements

Reference complies with prescriptive requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2010 & Chapter 2

Whole building energy consumption proposed design vs. reference

design regulated loads only 112

90.1 Performance Paths Utilizes Chapter 11 of

90.1-2010 Energy Cost Budget

Method Energy modeling rules are

well defined

113

Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Feed-In Tariff

114

1.1.1.7. Energy Cost Method Sentence 11.2.3.A.(1) shall be added to Section 11.2.

”Simulation General Requirements” of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 11.2.3.A. Rates for Energy Supplied Back to the Grid System. Where energy generated by an on-site renewable energy source is

supplied back to the grid system, for the purpose of Section 11, Energy Cost Budget Method, the rates for the energy supplied back to the grid system shall be assumed to be equal to the rates paid for the same type of purchased energy from the grid system.

OBC SB-10 Enforcement?

115

Remains to be seen But prior to Jan 1 in SB-10

envelope, window, lighting targets were set energy modeling was a compliance path building envelope trade-off was a compliance path

Ministry has new checklists developed (ask me how I know that)

Greater attention has been paid over the last 12 months

90.1-20XX Impact on the Market Product suppliers are

paying attention

116

www.enermodal.com

Closing Quotes

117

Ludwig Wittgenstein (engineer, mathematician, philosopher) “I don't know why we are here, but I'm pretty sure that it is not in

order to enjoy ourselves.”

W.H. Auden (poet) “We are all here on earth to help others; what on earth the others

are here for I don't know.”

Kurt Vonnegut (writer) "We are put on earth to fart around....don't let any one tell you any

different."

118