What is HIV ?
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What is HIV?
H- HumanI- ImmunodeficiencyV- Virus
•Only transferrable between humans•Weakens immune system by destroying cells that fight disease= “deficient”•Can reproduce by taking over a cell in the body of the host
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What is AIDS?A- Aquired
I- Immuno-D- DeficiencyS- Syndrome
•Aquired= not something inherited from birth. HIV- can be inherited, AIDS- acquired.•Immuno-deficient= body does not work the fight off dangerous invaders as it was able to.•Syndrome- (not a disease) because has a wide range of complications.
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
HIV + many do not know because no
symptoms.
Symptoms appears as they progress
towards AIDS
Periods of feeling healthy and then
sick.
Most symptoms are from OI’s.
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ARS
Acute
Retroviral
Syndrome or
Primary HIV
infection
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SYMPTOMS CAN INCLUDE:
Fever
Chills
Rash
Night sweats
Muscle aches
Sore throat
Ulcers in the mouth
Fatigue
Swollen lymph nodes
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NEXT…
Chronic/ Latent
phase where
people do not
have any
symptoms.
Can last 10+ yrs.
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FINALLY!!!
However, as HIV progresses to AIDS: fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, night sweats, and even wasting syndrome at late stages. Many of the signs and symptoms of AIDS come from opportunistic infections which occur in patients with a damaged immune system.
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NNRTI’S
Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors
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COMMON NNRTI’S
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Delavirdine (Rescriptor)
Nevirapine (Viramune)
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WHAT IS REVERSE
TRANSCRIPTASE?
• An enzyme
• Needed in HIV
for replication
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NRTI’SNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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NNRTI’S VS. NRTI’S
What’s the difference?
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NNRTI
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NRTI
• Adenine ----
Thymine
• Guanine ----
Cytosine
NRTI’s create faulty
nucleosides
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Protease Enzyme
Proteins are building blocks for living
things
Mechanism of Action: Lock and Key
Viral Assembly
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CONTIUNED…
One of the “good guys”
Primary function: Blockage of
viral assembly
No more copies!
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Idinavir (Crixivan)
Blockage action
Effect on viral load?
Cure?
Prevents transmission?
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LOPINAVIR-RITONAVIR (KALETRA)
Against HIV due to Lopinavir
Blockage action
Effect on viral load?
Cure?
Prevents transmission?
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SAQUINAVIR ( INVIRASE )
Blockage action
Effect on viral load?
Cure?
Prevents transmission?
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LAST, BUT NOT LEAST…
Great Optimism!
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EXTRA
Early detection
tests
PCR or RNA tests
p24 antigen tests
Early treatment
ART
Avoiding transmission
Mother to child
Sexual intercourse
Blood
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Statistics of HIV In 2011, there were about 2.5
million new cases of HIV About 34.2 million people are
living with HIV. In 2010, about 1.8 million
deaths due to AIDS Nearly 30 million people have
died since the epidemic began.
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IN THE U.S.
At the end of 2010, an estimated 872,990 persons
in the United States were living with HIV
In 2010, the estimated number of 15,529deaths
due to AIDS
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H I V A N D T H E E F F E C T S O N T H E O R A L C AV I T Y
HIV disease can make
you more susceptible
to:
HPV
Herpes simplex
Hairy leukoplakia
Candidiasis
Aphthous ulcers
Cavities
Periodontitis and Gingivitis
Medication can cause Xerostomia
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ORAL WARTS
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HERPES SIMPLEX
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HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA
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CANDIDIASIS
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APTHOUS ULCERS
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XEROSTOMIA
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OUR ROLE AS HYGIENIST:
Thorough dental and medical history
Thorough dental assessment
Oral health education
Periodontal screening or examination
Phase I treatment - Prevention and
maintenance.
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EDUCATE PATIENTS:
Certain lesions are contagions like Herpes
and HVP
Medication can cause dry mouth
Avoid alcohol
Avoid tobacco
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THE END!!!