What is Culture?

“That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities

and habits acquired by man as a member of society”

Learning Objectives

• 1. Define key terms in cultural anthropology

• 2. Classify examples by which area of cultural knowledge they represent

• 3. Differentiate between terms through identifying examples

• 4. Illustrate understanding of terms through the use of a personal example

What is Culture?

• Consisting of _________________________

• ____________knowledge and behavior shared by ________________________

• Everything we are outside of ______________• _____________________that a group of

individuals share

What is Society?

• Refers to ________________ _________________________

• Differs from culture because of its __________________

• __________= ____________

‘Rural’ & ‘Southeast’ = geographical descriptions

Elements of Culture

• Culture is _________________• Ability to

________________________

• How?• ________________________________

• ____________________________

Elements of CultureHow is Culture Learned?

• Enculturation

• _____________________________

• Acculturation

• ___________________________

• Assimilation

• ___________________________

Element of CultureHow is Culture Learned?

• Diffusion: ____________________________

• Independent Invention: ___________________

• Note: Both are considered components of cultural change

Elements of Culture

• Culture is _______________

• People share a _______________

• People are capable of ________________with each other without ____________________________

• Culture is reflected by a set of _____________________

Elements of Culture

• Patterns of Behavior – present in all cultures

• ___________________________________

• _________________________________

• Human behavior will vary ________________

Elements of Culture

• Cultural Knowledge

• All the knowledge and information about the world, for any cultural group

• Anthropologists recognize that the knowledge of any cultural group differs from the knowledge of any other group

Elements of CultureCultural Knowledge

• Norms: ___________________________

• Implies

• ___________________________

• ___________________________

• _____________________________

Elements of CultureCultural Knowledge

• Norms, continued

• Examples

• ___________

• ___________

Elements of CultureCultural Knowledge

• Values

• Defined as: ________________________ __________________________________

• __________________about the worthwhileness of goals and lifestyles

Elements of CultureCultural Knowledge

• Values, continued• _____________________________________

• Profound, but partly unconscious, ___________________

• ________________

• ________________

Elements of CultureCultural Knowledge

• Culture is ______________________

• Symbol: _______________________ _______________________________

Elements of CultureCultural Knowledge

• Culture is _____________

• ___________________ ___________________

Elements of CultureCultural Knowledge

• Taboo

• Those actions that are _________________

• Some __________, while some ____________

• Examples

• ______________

• ______________

Human Diversity in Time & Space

• Universality

• Something that ____________________

• Examples include:

• ____________

• _____________

• ____________

• ____________

Human Diversity in Time & Space

• Generality

• ____________________________________

• Examples:

• ___________

• __________________

Human Diversity in Time & Space

• Particularity

• ______________

• Examples

• ____________

Bara tomb in the Isalo National Park, Madagascar

Levels of Culture

• International Culture:

• _________________________________

• National Culture:

• __________________________________

• __________________________________

• Subcultures:

• ____________________________________

Culture & Biology

• Do culture differences have a biological basis?

• Biological Determinism

• _____________________________________

• ____________________________________

• ________________________________________

Culture and Biology

• We will discuss nature vs. nurture later in the course but for now be aware that:

• _________________________________

• ___________________________________

• Some ‘behaviors’ are believed to have a _____________ ____________________________________________

• _____________

• ______________

• Many populations experience a _________ ____________________________

• Anthropologists Found:

• ___________________________________

• What unites these regions?

• _________________________________

Example of Coevolution: Got

Milk?

Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism, and Human

Rights• Ethnocentrism

• Cultural relativism

• Stereotype

• Cultural Generalization

SummaryCulture is:

• __________________________________

• ____________________________________

• ______________________________________