WHAT IS BIOLOGY?

What is biology? Biology is __________________________. Examines the structure, function, growth,

origin, evolution, and distribution of living things.

What is life? Seven characteristics of living things:1) Composed of Cells2) Levels of organization3) Use of energy for growth and

maintanance4) Respond to their environment5) Living things grow6) Reproduce7) Adapt to their environment

Intro to Cellular Functions Why do we start here?

LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION:

Atoms Molecules (organic and inorganic) ________________ _________ ___________ ____________________ organism ___________________ community biome biosphere

Intro to Cellular Functions What are cellular Functions?

Functions that cells carry out

How do cells function Dependent on organic and inorganic

molecules(Eg. DNA, Carbohydrates, salt, etc.)BIOCHEMISTRY: the study of biological chemical

reactions and the molecules and processes involved in them.

Example of an essential chemical reaction that cells carry out:

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

The overall reaction can be summarized as:

6O2+ C6H12O66CO2+ 6H20 + ENERGYWhy is this reaction important?

because it provides energy for the cells to carry out their functions

The Biochemistry of WaterWater: The Primary Molecule of Life

the most abundant molecule in any cell.

Why is it so important? Carrier for dissolved molecules into and out of

the cell Raw material (reactant) in many cell reactions Acts as a lubricant between cells, tissues, and

organs Regulates temperature

Properties of Water What allows it to perform these functions?

Its Properties Remains liquid over wide temperature ranges Dissolves most substances important in living processes

Universal Solvent

(O2, CO2, glucose, amino acids, NaCl, etc.) Changes temperature gradually when heated or cooled High Specific Heat Capacity

Only pure substance to expand when it is solid floats when it freezes

Structure of Water

Water is a POLAR moleculeSlightly negative charge on ______ endSlightly positive charge on the ______ end.

Why is this important?_______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen Bonding

Solid vs. Liquid Water

Hydrophillic/Hydrophobic Molecules

Hydrophillic forms hydrogen bonds with water.

Woman Drinks so much water she Dies

SACRAMENTO, California--A woman who competed in a radio station's contest to see how much water she could drink without going to the bathroom, died of water intoxication.Jennifer Strange, 28, had taken part in the "Hold Your Wee for a Wii" game, which promised the winner a Nintendo Wii. Afterwards, she reportedly said her head was hurting and went home, where she was later found dead. Initial tests showed her death was due to water intoxication. We are regularly advised to drink more water: it clears skin, reduces tiredness and aids concentration. But the death of this woman in the US shows you can have too much of a good thing.

Why is too much water dangerous?

Why is too much water dangerous? Drinking too much water can eventually cause your brain to swell, stopping it from

regulating vital functions such as breathing, and causing death.

So what happens? Water enters the body when we drink and is removed primarily in the urine and

sweat. The amount of water in the body is regulated to control the levels of certain compounds, such as salt, in the blood.

If you drink too much water, eventually, the kidneys will not be able to work fast enough to remove sufficient amounts from the body, so the blood becomes more dilute with low salt concentrations.

The water then moves from the dilute blood to the cells and organs where there is less water. Too much water in cells can causes them to swell.

This swelling is a problem in the brain. When the brain swells, it is inside a bony box. So, it has nowhere to go. The pressure increases in the skull and a headache results. As the brain is squeezed, it compresses vital regions that regulate functions such as breathing.

These functions become impaired, breathing stops, and, eventually, it leads to death.

Homework/Seatwork Read page 624, “The Cell Theory” Answer the following questions in your

notebook.1) What are the four points of the cell

theory?2) What three developments in science

made it possible to study cells?3) Where did the biological term “cell”

come from?

Homework/Seatwork Read 1.1 and make notes. Do questions 1-6, 8 on page 20