What is an SFD - Centre for Science and Environment
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What is an SFD Bhitush Luthra, Water Programme Centre for Science and Environment, Training of Trainers, CSE, New Delhi Dated: 07.09.2016
Transcript of What is an SFD - Centre for Science and Environment
What is an SFD
Bhitush Luthra, Water Programme
Centre for Science and Environment,
Training of Trainers, CSE, New Delhi
Dated: 07.09.2016
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o What is an SFD?
o What is not an SFD?
o Who can use the SFD?
o How to read an SFD
o Elements of an SFD
o Some SFDs produced so far
o Practical applications of SFDs
Overview
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A diagram that shows the
pathways from defecation to final
fate
A complete recordof all the data
sources
A concise narrative report on the
service delivery context
What is an SFD?
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What is an SFD
Manual for SFD Production Part D: SFD quality and credibility
process
Version 1.0 October 2015
SFD Promotion Initiative
Manual for SFD Production – Part B: Guidance note for calculation tool
Manual for SFD Production – Part D: SFD quality and credibility process
Manual for SFD Production
Part C: Glossary of terms and
variables
Version 1.0 October 2015
SFD Promotion Initiative
Manual for SFD Production – Part C: Glossary of terms and variables
Manual for SFD Production
Part B: Calculation tool and
guidance note
Version 1.0 October 2015
SFD Promotion Initiative
Manual for SFD Production – Part B: Calculation tool and guidance note
Manual for SFD Production
Part A: Methodology for data
collection
Version 1.0
October 2015
SFD Promotion Initiative
Manual for SFD Production – Part A: Methodology for data collection
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o An effective communications and advocacy tool to
engage city stakeholders
o Based on contributing populations, it gives an indication
of where the excreta goes
o A representation of public health hazard
o An overview from which to develop sanitation priorities
What is an SFD
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o Based on volumes/mass – these are determined by other
related factors
o A representation of public health risk
(risk = hazard x behaviour)
o A precise scientific analytical tool
What is NOT an SFD
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o Political leaders
o Sanitation experts
o Civil society organizations
o Engineers
o Planners
o Decision-makers
Who can use the SFD
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A diagram
A record of data
sources
A service delivery report
Elements of an SFD
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SFD Calculation Tool
Description of terms and variables
provided in the accompanying glossary
Data input
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Service Delivery Context Assessment
TreatmentEnd-use/
disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Developing
Enabling
Policy
Planning
Regulation
Expansion
Service
outcomes
Sustaining
Outputs
Equity
Policy: To what extent is sanitation included in acknowledged and available policy documents?
Institutional roles: To what extent are the roles and clearly defined and operationalized?
Service provision: Does the regulatory framework enable investment by service providers?
Standards: Are norms and standards systematically monitored and reported?
Targets, Investments…
Quantity / capacity: Does access to sanitation meets the demands and targets?
Quality: Are the procedures and processes for monitoring and reporting access to sanitation?
Choice: Is there a range of affordable and appropriate techn. that meets the needs of the poor?
Reducing inequality: Do plans and measures ensure sanitation serves all users,?
Demand: Are there policies and procedures, or programs to stimulate demand and behaviours
by households?
Sector development: Are there ongoing programs and measures to strengthen the role of
service providers (public or private) in the provision of sanitation services, in urban or peri-urban
areas?
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Quality control and quality assuranceSummarize data by the reference numbers assigned to them in the reporting template
CO
NT
AIN
ME
NT
EM
PT
YIN
G
TR
AN
SP
OR
T
TR
EA
TM
EN
T
EN
DU
SE
/DIS
PO
SA
L
Municipal, utility or private local service provider records
Interviews with city authorities and local government departments
Documented studies
Community representatives (interviews desk- and field-based, FGDs only field-based)
Service providers (interviews desk- and field-based, FGDs only field-based)
Observation (only field-based)
This is a one-off exercise no further data expected
Limited amount of new data expected, SFD to be revised
Substantial amount of new data expected, SFD to be revised
SFD has not been shared with local stakeholders
SFD has been shared with local stakeholders but no follow up action agreed
SFD has been shared and follow up actions have been agreed
SFD has been shared and follow up actions have been agreed and initiated
Types of data
sources used
Further
availability of
data sources
If udated SFD expected, enter date:
How has current SFD been used
(entire service chain)
CONTAINMENT:
EMPTYING:
TRANSPORT:
TREATMENT:
ENDUSE/DISPOSAL:
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Onsite
Sanitation
Local area Neighbourhood City
Variable nr : % of flow Safely managed Unsafely managed
Cuttack – 28 July 2015
Desk Based
Offsite
sanitation
Open defecation
67%
22%
11%
11%
TreatmentEnd-use/
disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Key:
Offsite Sanitation
Onsite Sanitation
Open Defecation
Service chain
Percentage of
population dependent
on a sanitation system
Name of City and date
of SFD production
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Not Contained: Sanitation technology and/or system which
does not ensure safe level of protection from Excreta. i.e.
pathogen transmission to the user or general public is
likely.
Onsite
Sanitation
WW
contained
centralised
WW not
contained
Local area Neighbourhood City
Variable nr : % of flow Safely managed Unsafely managed
Cuttack – 28 July 2015
Desk Based
FS not
contained
(onsite)
Offsite
sanitation
Open defecation
67%
3%
19%
67%
22%
11%
11%
TreatmentEnd-use/
disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Key:
WW: Waste Water
FS: Faecal Sludge
Red or Green: Whether the arrows would be red or green is
dependent on whether the system at that stage is contained
or not.
Contained: Sanitation Technology and/or system which
ensures safe level of protection from Excreta i.e. pathogen
transmission to the user or general public is limited.
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Onsite
Sanitation
WW
contained
centralised
WW not
contained
Local area Neighbourhood City
Variable nr : % of flow Safely managed Unsafely managed
Cuttack – 28 July 2015
Desk Based
FS not
contained
(onsite)
WW not
delivered to
treatment
WW not
delivered to
treatment
WW delivered to
centralised
treatment
WW treated
Offsite
sanitation
Open defecation
67%
3%
19%
67%
22%
12%
7%
13%
23%
11%
11% 35%
20%
TreatmentEnd-use/
disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Key:
Effluent coming out
of septic tanks and
joining open drain
Width of the arrow represents the
percentage of population
Excreta of 20 %
population of the city
is being managed
properly through
centralised
sewerage system
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FS emptied
FS
delivered to
treatmentOnsite
Sanitation
WW
contained
centralised
WW not
contained
Local area Neighbourhood City
Variable nr : % of flow Safely managed Unsafely managed
Cuttack – 28 July 2015
Desk Based
FS not
contained
(onsite)
Offsite
sanitation
FS treated
FS not
delivered to
treatment
FS not contained
– not emptied
Open defecation
67%
3%
19%
67%
22%
33%
12%
11%
11% 1% 21%
12%
TreatmentEnd-use/
disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Key:
Faecal Sludge of 33% population is
emptied but only 12% gets treated
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FS emptied
FS
delivered to
treatmentOnsite
Sanitation
WW
contained
centralised
WW not
contained
Local area Neighbourhood City
32 %
Variable nr : % of flow Safely managed Unsafely managed
Cuttack – 28 July 2015
Desk Based
FS not
contained
(onsite)
WW not
delivered to
treatment
WW not
delivered to
treatment
WW delivered to
centralised
treatment
WW treated
Offsite
sanitation
FS treated
FS not
delivered to
treatment
FS not contained
– not emptied
Open defecation
67%
3%
19%
67%
22%
12%
7%
13%
23%
33%
12%
11%
11% 1% 21% 35%
12%
20%
TreatmentEnd-use/
disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Key:
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o Please read the SFD along with the report
o The red colour denotes unsafe management and green
colour denotes safe management
o The width of the arrow depends on the corresponding
percentage
o Percentage mentioned on the diagram refers to the
contributing population and not volume of excreta
o The dotted line refers the supernatant or effluent from the
septic tanks
How to read an SFD
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SFDs produced so far
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FS emptied
FS
delivered to
treatmentOnsite
Sanitation
WW
contained
centralised
WW not
contained
Local area Neighbourhood City
32 %
Variable nr : % of flow Safely managed Unsafely managed
Cuttack – 28 July 2015
Desk Based
FS not
contained
(onsite)
WW not
delivered to
treatment
WW not
delivered to
treatment
WW delivered to
centralised
treatment
WW treated
Offsite
sanitation
FS treated
FS not
delivered to
treatment
FS not contained
– not emptied
Open defecation
67%
3%
19%
67%
22%
12%
7%
13%
23%
33%
12%
11%
11% 1% 21% 35%
12%
20%
TreatmentEnd-use/
disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Key:
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FS emptiedOnsite
Sanitation
WW
contained
centralised
WW not
contained
Local area Neighbourhood City
2 %
Solapur-01 August 2015
Desk based
Variable nr : % of flow Safely managed Unsafely managed
FS not
contained
(onsite)
WW not
delivered to
treatment
WW delivered to
centralised
treatmentOffsite
sanitation
FS not
delivered to
treatment
FS not
contained– not
emptied
Open defecation
45%
2%
36%
49%
38%
36%
25%
22%
13%
13% 2% 22% 25%
2%FS contained
(onsite)
4% FS contained -
not emptied
36%
WW not treated36%
TreatmentEnd-use/
disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Key:
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FS not
contained
(onsite)
FS emptiedOnsite
Sanitation
WW
contained
centralised
WW not
contained
Local area Neighbourhood City
55 %
Tumkur- 03 August 2015
Desk based
Variable nr : % of flow Safely managed Unsafely managed
WW not
delivered to
treatment
WW not
delivered to
treatment
WW delivered to
centralised
treatment
WW treatedOffsite
sanitation
FS not
delivered to
treatment
FS not contained
– not emptied
Open
defecation
3%
50%
40%
53%
5%
7%
7% 1% 18% 19%
10%
45%
FS contained
(onsite)
18%
22%
45%
14%
8%
10%
TreatmentEnd-use/
disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Key:
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o Planning at city level
o Financing sanitation
infrastructure
o Gaining political support
o Stakeholder involvement
o Coordination of various
actors
o Establishing baselines and
monitoring progress
Practical applications in:
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Town planning, GIZ UgandaReform of the Urban Water and Sanitation Sector (RUWASS)
o Used in 6 towns as a platform for involvement of a wider
group of stakeholders (technical and non-technical)
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Moshi, Tanzania
