What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from...
-
Upload
claude-barnett -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from...
![Page 1: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What is an organism?
-any living thing
-There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.
![Page 2: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
All living organisms ……. 1. Are made up of one or
more cells.Cells are the basic unit of function and structure of all living organisms.
![Page 3: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Unicellular:-organisms made up
of only one cell.Bacteria
Protist
![Page 4: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Multicellular:-organisms made up of
many cells all working together.
FungiPlants Animals
![Page 5: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Multicellular organisms must display levels of organization:
![Page 6: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1. CELLSis the basic unit of life
2. A group of like cells make up a: TISSUE 3. Layers of like tissues make up a:ORGAN 4. A group of organs working together for one purpose is a:SYSTEM Examples?
Digestive, Excretory, Circulatory, Respiratory, Reproductive, Nervous, etc…..5. ORGANISM
![Page 7: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
5. Organism =an individual living thing (frog)Made up of a series of organ systems working
together.
6. Species = group of like organisms that can reproduce and produce a fertile offspring.(spring peepers)
![Page 8: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
= group of individuals of the same species living in one place. ( All the spring peepers living in Mrs. O'Neill's pond).
7. Population
![Page 9: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8. Communities = groups of many different populations living in one area. ( all the different types of frogs, fish, turtles and cat tails in Mrs. O’Neill’s pond).
![Page 10: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
9. Ecosystem = all the different organisms and their physical environment both biotic and abiotic
Biotic: bio=life anything alive
Abiotic a=non bio=life anything nonliving like air, water, etc..
![Page 11: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
10. Biosphere = is the region of our universe where organisms live (land, air and water).
![Page 12: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What’s the difference between the man and the rock?
Man -made upof cells and displays all levels of organization.
Rocks -not made up of cells. Made up of only atoms and molecules
![Page 13: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
All living organisms……2. Must be able to successfully reproduce.
-Reproduce means to make new organisms .
-This trait pertains to the species and NOT to an individual.
![Page 14: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of reproduction:
Asexual Reproduction: A
= notSexual
= well you know what that means...
![Page 15: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
-Asexual reproduction is when one organism divides into two new organisms.
-the new organisms are genetically identical.
-clones-
![Page 16: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bacteria, protist, some fungi, some plants and some animals.
Binary Fission
![Page 17: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Budding Hydras
Strawberry Plants
![Page 18: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Asexual Reproduction
Benefits: Only takes one
organism to reproduce and keep the species alive
Disadvantages: Decrease in genetic
diversity within a gene pool.
Recycling of “bad” genes/or traits.
If all organisms are identical than a single factor could wipe out the entire species.
![Page 19: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Example: Streptococcus bacteria can be killed by penicillin.
![Page 20: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sexual Reproduction:-Requires two things
-sperm-egg
-Produces organisms that are genetically different.
![Page 21: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
23
23
46
Zygote
![Page 22: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sexual ReproductionBenefits:
• Increases genetic diversity.
• All organisms within a species has unique traits.
• If the traits are beneficial they can pass them on to their offspring and create more fit organisms.
Disadvantage: In most species it
requires two different organisms to reproduce
Few species are hermaphrodites
One organisms has the ability to produce both sperm and egg
Most flowering plants
Sponges
![Page 23: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
External Fertilization:
verses
Internal Fertilization
![Page 25: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
External Fertilization:
Sperm and egg are released into the water .
Sperm and egg randomly come together by chance.
Offspring develop on their own, many ending up as a prey or as “fish food”
![Page 26: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fish
External Fertilization
![Page 27: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Frogs
![Page 28: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
External Fertilization Benefits:
Provides the chance to produce a large amount of offspring
Disadvantages: Offspring develop
unprotected Large amount of
offspring do not survive
![Page 29: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Internal fertilization: Sperm is deposited into the female’s body and fertilization takes place inside the body.
![Page 30: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Internal Fertilization
![Page 31: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Internal Fertilization Benefits:
Offspring are protected by the female’s body or by an egg shell
Better chance to survive.
Disadvantages: Less offspring are
produced
![Page 32: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3. All living organisms must be able to grow and develop.
Grow: to increase in the number of
cells.Develop:
to change in form.
![Page 33: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Growth and development may occur at the same
time.
![Page 34: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
4. All living organisms must obtain and use energy.
-need energy to do everything-grow, develop, reproduce…..even
sleep.
Why do babies sleep so much????
![Page 35: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Obtain energy through:
Photosynthesis:
CO2 + H2O -------> Sugar + O2
Cellular Respiration:
Sugar + O2 -------> CO2 + H2O
![Page 36: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Heterotrophs:
Hetero = trophs = different to nourish
-organisms that get energy by consuming and digesting carbohydrates/sugars into useable molecules.
-these molecules are then broken down into energy through the process of cellular respiration.
![Page 37: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Who is heterotrophic:
-some bacteria
-some protist
-all fungi
-all animals
![Page 38: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Different types of heterotrophs:1. Herbivore:
-plant eater-Ex: cows, elephants,
giraffes
![Page 39: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
2. Carnivore:-meat eater-Ex:
lions, tigers, sharks
![Page 40: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
3. Omnivore -eats both plants and animals
Ex: Humans, bears
![Page 41: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
4. Decomposer/Saprophyte:Breaks down dead or decaying organic matter
Ex: bacteria, fungus or invertebrates
![Page 42: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Autotrophs:Auto = trophs =
self operating to nourish-organisms which make
their own food/sugars through the process of
-once made the sugar must still be broken down into energy through cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis
![Page 43: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Who is Autotrophic?
-some bacteria
-some protist
-all plants
![Page 44: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
An organism’s metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur
within a cell. This includes the breaking down of food molecules into energy and the use of this energy to do
work in the form of building, maintaining and repairing the body .
![Page 45: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Ross Review
“When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe.”
![Page 46: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
If all of the lions on an African savanna were killed or removed, how do you think their absence might affect the other living things on the savanna?
![Page 47: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
1. What is the energy source for this food web?2. Who are the producers/autotrophs?3. Who are the primary consumers/heterotrophs?4. Who are the secondary consumers/heterotrophs?5. What do the arrows represent?6. Approximately what % of energy is passed on
through each step?
![Page 48: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Species interactions within an ecosystem:
1. Predator-Prey RelationshipsWhat is the role of the predator?
-organism that feeds directly upon another living organism.
-May or may not kill the prey.
What is the role of the prey?-the smaller and weaker of the two
organisms that is hunted by the predator.
![Page 49: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
2. Competition Two organisms of the same or from a different
species compete for the same resources:-Food-Shelter-Mates-Space
![Page 50: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
3. Symbiosis
A non-antagonistic living together of two or more members of different species.
Two types of symbiosis:-Commensalism-Mutualism
![Page 51: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Type 1:CommensalismType of symbiosis in which one member clearly benefits (+) and the other member is neither benefited nor harmed .
![Page 52: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Type 2: Mutualism
Is the association in which both members of the partnership benefit.
![Page 53: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
4. Parasitism When a smaller organism feeds on a larger
organism, weakening or killing it. One organism benefits and the other
organism is harmed .
![Page 54: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Roles:
Parasite: smaller organism that lives in
or on the body of the host. Host:
Larger organism which is being lived upon.
![Page 55: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
5. All living organisms must adapt to their environment.
WHY?Survival…………..
Chameleons
Snowshoe rabbit in the winter and summer.
Camouflaging
![Page 57: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Organisms that are best adapted to their environment are the ones who survived and reproduced.
-leading cause of evolution-change over time
![Page 58: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Other adaptions:
![Page 59: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Darwin’s Finches
![Page 60: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
6. All living organisms must be able to respond to their environment.
WHY?Survival…………………….
STIMULUS coldness
heatno food
light
RESPONSEShiverSweat Birds fly south /hibernationPlant grow towards it
![Page 61: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
7. All living organisms must be able display homeostasis.
Homo =same
stasis =stationary
Heart beat/pulseBlood pressureWater balanceBody temperature
Homeostasis is the ability for an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain an equilibrium or constant internal conditions.
![Page 62: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
-Homeostasis is accomplished by a series of feedback mechanisms
-An organism is in homeostasis when it’s needs are met and it is functioning properly.
![Page 63: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Example:
Blood sugar rises body senses change pancreas secretes insulin into blood insulin effectively lowers the blood sugar level by moving sugar into the cells. Once blood sugar levels reach homeostasis the pancreas stops releasing insulin
If a person can not perform this negative feedback loop then what is wrong with the person?
-
![Page 64: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Example:
Blood vessel is damaged platelets cling to injured site and release chemicals to attract more platelets platelets continue to pile up and release these chemicals until a clot is formed.
![Page 65: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Homeostasis happens in all organisms, even plants.
Plants need to regulate:-water loss-CO2 intake
![Page 66: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Homeostasis linkWhat is the body temperature of a healthy human?
How does our bodies react/maintain homeostasis when exposed to the following stimuli:
STIMULUS RESPSONSE RESULT1. Coldness Homeostasis 1. warms up
mechanism 2. 3.
![Page 67: What is an organism? -any living thing -There are 7 characteristics that distinguishes living from nonliving.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f1d5503460f94c34904/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
STIMULUS RESPSONSE RESULT
2. Heat Homeostasis 1. cools down mechanism 2.
3. Blood Homeostasis 1. blood pressure mechanism pressure drops rises
4. Blood Homeostasis 1. blood sugar mechanism sugar rises drops