What is a Biome? - Earth Scienceearthsciencerogers.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/0/38207805/... · 2018....
Transcript of What is a Biome? - Earth Scienceearthsciencerogers.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/0/38207805/... · 2018....
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What is a Biome?• Defined:
Large area with distinct climate, plant, and animal life
• Climate factors: sun, rain, topography
• Climate determines life
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• Northern-most latitudes• Climate: cold temps, low
rain (under 5in)• Permafrost: permanently
frozen layer of soil
• Reasons for few trees:– 1) Low rainfall– 2) Frozen soil
Tundra
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Panoramic View
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Tundra Life
• Animals: Rodents, Hares, Moose, Caribou, Deer, Wolves, Migrating birds, Biting insects
• Plants: Lichen, Moss, Grass, Shrubs
• Many with red leaves (absorb sunlight)
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• AKA: Coniferous forest– Cones trees dominant
• Found in Northern latitudes & higher altitudes• Climate:
– Warm summers, cold winters– Average rainfall = 15-30 inches
Taiga
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Taiga Life
• Animals: Moose, Caribou, Black bear, Porcupines, Wolves
• Many migratory & hibernating animals
• Plants: Pine, evergreen, spruce, fir trees
• Waxy coating to prevent water loss
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• Temperate: distinct seasons• Deciduous: Plants that lose leaves during the winter
– Prevents water loss• Climate:
– Warm and cold seasons– Total rainfall = 30-60 inches
Temperate Deciduous Forest
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Deciduous Life
• Animals: Deer, Squirrels, Opossums, Birds– Occupy various forest layers
• Plants: Maple, Oak, Elm trees
• Some coniferous trees
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• Climate:– Near equator: steady warm year round temperatures– Much rainfall year round (60 –160 inches)
• Greatest amount of biodiversity on the Earth
Tropical Rain Forest
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Rainforest Layers• Emergent Layer: Tallest
tree tops– Must be wind, heat tolerant
• Canopy: Dense tree tops allow little light to pass– Gaps fill very fast when
tree falls (succession)– Most animal life
• Understory: Small trees, tree trunks, vines
• Ground level: Little vegetation– Little sunlight
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Tropical Rainforest Life
• Animals: Parrots, Insects, Bats, Sloth, Monkeys, Reptiles
• Plants: – Epiphytes: plants that grow
& attach to taller trees– Bromeliads: Plants w/ cup-
like leaves to collect water
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Bromeliads offer microhabitats
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Epiphytes grow in the air!
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• Areas dominated by grasses• Rich soil; Commonly used as farmland• Climate:
– Rain unevenly distributed (10-30 inches/year)– Temp varies
Grasslands
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Types of Grasslands• Rainfall affected by Rocky
Mtns.– 1) Short Grass (less rain)– 2) Mixed Grass (more rain)– 3) Tall Grass (most rain)
• Added rainfall from Gulf of Mexico
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Grassland Life
• Animals: Grizzly bears, sheep, antelope, rabbits, bison, prairie dogs
• Plants: Grasses (up to 2m in height)
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• Desert: Any area that receives less than 10 inches precipitation per year
• Climate:– Dry: under 10 inches– Hot temps (Mojave desert)– Cold temps (Siberia)
Deserts
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Desert Life
• Animals: Burrowing rodents, Jackrabbits
• Cold-blooded reptiles: environment determines body temp
• Plants: Cacti, sagebrush– Waxy coating prevents water
loss– Long roots– Needle leaves
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• Most biomes are in immediate danger
• Habitat destruction (deforestation) threatening biodiversity
• Forests & grasslands being turned into farm land
• Conservation laws being overturned
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Name this Biome!
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Name this Biome!
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Name this Biome!
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Name this Biome!
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Name this Biome!
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Name this Biome!
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Quick Review• Each biome
has a distinct climate
• More water usually means more life
• Biomes are endangered