WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….?

• THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED IT ALL UP, WE CANNOT QUICKLY GET MORE. STUDIES REVEAL THAT THE EXISTING SUPPLIES WILL RUN OUT IN 50 YEARS TIME. SO ISN’T IT HIGH TIME TO THINK “WHAT IF IT FINISHES……? ”

Petroleum or crude oil

• Crude oil or petroleum is a fossil fuel found in the earth’s crust. Millions of years ago, small animals and plants died and fell to the bottom of the sea. Their remains were covered by mud.

• The mud eventually turned to rocks. This rock put a lot pressure on the dead animals and plants. Rocks around them also heated them up. Together the heat and pressure turned the remains into crude oil.

OIL RIG• This crude oil cannot

float upwards as the rocks are not porous. So they get trapped there beneath the rocks.

• So oil rigs are used to draw the oil to the surface.

OIL RIG IN THE ARABIAN SEA

• One such oil rig is in the Arabian sea

ONGC OIL PLATFORM

• The largest oil production in India is operated by ONGC – Oil and Natural Gas Corporation

LOGO OF ONGC

OIL FIELD IN KUWAIT• The gulf countries

have the largest resource of petroleum.

• One such oil field at Kuwait is shown here.

REFINERY PLANT

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OR PETROLEUM REFINING

• Once the crude oil is extracted out it is subjected to a process known as refining or fractional distillation of petroleum.

REFINING

• Refining of petroleum yields many useful products like LPG, petrol, kerosene, diesel, grease, wax, naphthalene, bitumen etc

VEHICLES THAT RUN ON FUELS

• Fuels like petrol and diesel are used as fuels in vehicles.

• Jet planes use kerosene as fuel as kerosene burns safely without explosion.

BITUMEN USED TO LAY ROADS

• Bitumen or tar is used to lay roads.

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

• Petroleum products are also used in perfumes, disinfectants , nail polish etc

CNG-COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS

• Compressed Natural Gas is another important by product obtained during refining of petroleum. It is a cleaner fuel than petrol or diesel as it releases less amount of carbon dioxide.

PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRIES• Oil fields in India

are lacated at Mumbai, Gujrat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan etc.

India’s first oil field

• The first oil field was sunk at Digboi in Assam.

Oil fields in India

• Bombay High that is off coast of Mumbai and run by ONGC is the largest producer of oil in India. It was first sunk in 1974.

• Mangala area in Rajasthan was sunk in 1999.• Panna – Mukta Oil field is yet another oil field

in Mumbai.

Prices of fuels

• With rising demands for fuels, the prices of fuels has also risen.

• Current prices ( approx) of a few common fuels are

• Petrol – Rs 70/ litre• Diesel – Rs 50 /litre• CNG – Rs 39/Kg