What factors led to the collapse...came to power & continued to reform Rome –To help unify Rome,...
Transcript of What factors led to the collapse...came to power & continued to reform Rome –To help unify Rome,...
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■ EssentialQuestion:– WhatfactorsledtothecollapseoftheRomanEmpire&whateffectdidthefallofRomehaveontheMediterraneanworld?
■ Warm-UpQuestion:– Onthecartoononthenextslide,identifyasmanyRomanaccomplishmentsaspossible
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TheRomanRepublic
Romebeganasacity-statethatwasheavilyinfluencedbyGreekculture
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TheRomanRepublicBy509B.C.,
RomewasruledbyelectedSenatorswhoservedintheRomanRepublic
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TheRomanRepublicDuringtheRepublic,RomeexpandedbydefeatingCarthageinthePunicWars&laterundergeneralslikeJuliusCaesar
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TheRomanRepublicBut,theRepublicweakeneddueto
corruption,civilwars,&theassassinationofJuliusCaesarin44
B.C.
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TheRomanEmpire
AfterCaesar’sdeath,RomebecameanempireruledbytheEmperorAugustus
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TheRomanEmpire
PaxRomana
UnderAugustus,Romeenteredanera
ofpeace&prosperityknownasthePaxRomana
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TheRomanRepublic
PaxRomana
Eraofdecline
After207yearsofprosperityduringthePaxRomana,theEmpirebegantodecline&was
conqueredin476A.D.
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QuickClassDiscussion
■ WhydidtheRomanEmpiredecline?– BrainstormalistofreasonswhythemightyRomanEmpiremighthaveenteredaneraofdecline
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TheDeclineoftheRomanEmpire■ ThefalloftheRomanEmpirehappenedin3majorstages:– AneraofdeclineduetointernalproblemswithinRome
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TheRomansexperiencedpoliticalproblemsTheempirewastoolargeforoneemperortocontrol
EmperorsafterthePaxRomana
wereweak
Citizensexperiencedalossofconfidence,patriotism,&loyalty
totheRomangov’t
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TheRomansexperiencedeconomicproblemsOutsidegroupsdisruptedtrade
Poorharvestsledtofoodshortages
Romehadatradeimbalance(theyboughtmorethantheyproduced)Thegov’traisedtaxes&printednewcoinswhichledtoinflation
TheeconomicdeclineleftmanyRomanspoor
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TheRomansexperiencedmilitaryproblemsGermanictribesoutsideRomeweregainingstrength
TheRomanmilitarywasgrowingweak:generalswerechallengingthe
authorityoftheemperors
Tosavemoney,Romanshiredforeignsoldiers
butthese“mercenaries”werenot
loyaltoRome
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QuickClassDiscussion
■ Whatwouldyoudotosavetheempire?– BrainstormaseriesofreformsthatmightsaveRomefromitsdecline
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TheDeclineoftheRomanEmpire■ ThefalloftheRomanEmpirehappenedin3majorstages:– AneraofdeclineduetointernalproblemswithinRome– AbriefperiodofrevivalduetoreformsbyEmperorsDiocletian&Constantine
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AttemptstoReformtheEmpire■ In284A.D.EmperorDiocletiancametopower&madeaseriesofreformsthattemporarilyhaltedRome’sdecline– Tofixthemilitary,hedoubledthesizeoftheRomanarmy– Tofixtheeconomy,hefixedpricesforgoods– Tofixthelackofloyalty,hepresentedhimselfasagodlikeemperor
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Diocletian’smostimportantreformwasrealizingRomewastoolarge&dividingtheempireintotheWesternEasternRoman
EmpiresTheempirewasdividedbetweenGreek-speaking&Latin-speakinghalves
TheEastwasfarwealthierthantheWestbecauseithadmostofthegreatcities&tradecenters
But,theempirewasalsodivided
bywealth
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AttemptstoReformtheEmpire■ AfterDiocletian,theemperorConstantinecametopower&continuedtoreformRome– TohelpunifyRome,heendedpersecutions&convertedtoChristianity– HemovedtheofficialcapitalfromRometoanewcityintheEast,calledConstantinople
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Constantinoplewasamajortradecenter&waseasytodefend;thecitywasbuiltintheRomanstylebut
hadastrongGreek&Christianinfluence
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TheDeclineoftheRomanEmpire■ ThefalloftheRomanEmpirehappenedin3majorstages:– AneraofdeclineduetointernalproblemswithinRome– AbriefperiodofrevivalduetoreformsbyEmperorsDiocletian&Constantine– Continueddecline,invasionbyGermanic“barbarians”,&theconquestofRome
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TheCollapseoftheRomanEmpireAfterEmperorsDiocletian&Constantine,theWesternRomanEmpirecontinuedtodecline
Disease,corruption,&decliningeconomyexposedtheWesttoattackfromoutsideinvasions
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TheCollapseoftheRomanEmpire
By370A.D.,“barbarian”groupsoutsideRome,ledbytheHuns,begantoattack
TheweakRomanarmyintheWestcoulddolittletostoptheinvasions;By476,Germanic
barbariansconqueredWesternRome
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TheFallofRome
“Destruction”oneofthefivepaintingsthatmakeupAmericanHudsonRiverValleypainter,ThomasCole’sseries“TheCourseofEmpire”,whichwaspaintedbetween1833and1836.
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AftertheFallofRomeThedeclineoftheWesternRomanEmpireledtotheMiddleAges
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AftertheFallofRomeTheEastbecametheByzantineEmpire&flourishedforanotherthousandyears
TheByzantineEmpirekeptalivetheculturalachievementsofancientGreece&Rome
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TheClassicalEra
ThecivilizationsoftheClassicalEraproducedimportantachievementsthatarestillusedtoday
ThecombinationofGreek&Romanachievementsare
knownasGreco-Romanculture
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ClosureActivity■ WhatweretheimportantculturalcontributionsoftheClassicalEra?– Matchtheachievementwiththeappropriateclassicalcivilization