Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Crop Production Intensification
What does Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture › Files › Tim Reeves.pdfUniversity of...
Transcript of What does Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture › Files › Tim Reeves.pdfUniversity of...
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What does Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture
mean? Professor Timothy G Reeves FTSE
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University of Oxford UK The goal of sustainable intensification is to increase food production from existing farmland while minimising pressure on the environment. It is a response to the challenges of increasing demand for food from a growing global population, in a world where land, water, energy and other inputs are in short supply, overexploited and used unsustainably.
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University of Oxford (cont…)
Any efforts to ‘intensify’ food production must be matched by a concerted focus on making it ‘sustainable.’ Failing to do so will undermine our capacity to continue producing food in the future.
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Global Initiatives
• FAO – Save and Grow
• WORLD BANK
• IFAD
• USDA
• DEFRA UK
• CGIAR – CCAFS, IFPRI
• UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
• Others
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Sustainable Agricultural
Intensification
Principles:
• Simultaneous achievement of increased
agricultural productivity and enhanced
ecosystem services
• Enhanced input-use efficiency, where key
inputs include water, nutrients, pesticides,
energy, land and labour
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Sustainable Agricultural
Intensification
Principles:
• Judicious use of energy-demanding external
inputs (e.g. biological nitrogen fixation v N
fertilizer; IPM v pesticides)
• Protection of soil, water and biodiversity
through use of minimum disturbance systems
• Use of managed and natural biodiversity to
build system resilience to abiotic, biotic and
economic stresses
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Challenge: ‘Double’ food production
by 2050
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Population density
http://www.pbs.org
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Food demand
www.ifdc.org
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Warning signs
www.worldwatch.org
Hectares of grain land per person
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• 1400 litres oil equivalent/year to feed one person (developed world)
• Nitrogen fertilizer – utilizing ‘fossil fuel’
Energy
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Food waste
• FAO – 30%+!
• Storage, handling, transport
• On-farm
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• Warmer, drier
• Greater variability
• More extreme events
• Need to reduce GHG emissions
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/
Climate change
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Biofuels
Ethanol
Biodiesels
Energy farming
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1. Adjust practices and technologies
2. Change farming systems
3. Enhance food systems
4. Sustainable intensification
What is needed for food security?
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Helping farmers to intensify production
sustainably
The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily of the institutions identified.
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Technical principles
• Agricultural productivity Natural capital and ecosystems services
Simultaneously!
• Enhanced input-use efficiency
• Use of biodiversity – natural and managed – to build farming system resilience
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How?
• Minimize soil disturbance by minimizing tillage and other interventions
• Enhance and maintain soil organic cover
• Cultivate a wider range of plant species
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• Better varieties and better animals
• Enhanced plant and animal nutrition based on healthy soils
• Integrated pest, disease and weed management
• Efficient water management
How?
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Minimum disturbance
systems
Practice 1
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Practice 2
Organic soil cover
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Practice 3
Diversification
Wider range of crops and enterprises
Livestock
Shrubs and trees
Legumes and biological nitrogen
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Bed planting to save water and promote diversification
Diversification opportunities: Indo-Gangetic Plain
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Better varieties and better
animals
Practice 4
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Healthy soils Practice 5
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Soil health is critical!
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Integrated pest management
Practice 6
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Insecticides Fungicides Herbicides
Inputs reduced by 50%
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Efficient water management
Practice 7
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Zero vs. Conventional
ZT CT
Govaerts et al., 2005
Save and Grow Farmer practice
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Smallholder and broadacre farmers
Scale neutral!
Scale?
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Thank you!