What does it What does it mean to be mean to be alive????alive????

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFELIFE

REQUIRE ENERGYREQUIRE ENERGY CAN REPRODUCECAN REPRODUCE GROW AND DEVELOPGROW AND DEVELOP MADE OF CELLSMADE OF CELLS HAVE LEVELS OF HAVE LEVELS OF

ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION RESPOND TO THEIR RESPOND TO THEIR

ENVIRONMENT – MAINTAIN ENVIRONMENT – MAINTAIN SOME LEVEL OF HOMEOSTASISSOME LEVEL OF HOMEOSTASIS

HIERARCHY OF LIFEHIERARCHY OF LIFE

LEVELSLEVELS OF STUDY OF STUDY

1. BIOSPHERE:1. BIOSPHERE: ALL LIFE ON THIS ALL LIFE ON THIS

PLANETPLANET From several km in From several km in the atmosphere to the atmosphere to several km into the several km into the

groundground

2. BIOME:2. BIOME:A geographic area A geographic area characterized by characterized by

particular life forms and particular life forms and a particular climate.a particular climate.

Examples: Tundra, taiga Examples: Tundra, taiga (pine forest), deciduous (pine forest), deciduous forest, rainforest, desert, forest, rainforest, desert,

grasslands-prairie.grasslands-prairie.

3. ECOSYSTEM3. ECOSYSTEM::Abiotic and biotic Abiotic and biotic

factors in a particular factors in a particular area interactingarea interacting

4. COMMUNITY4. COMMUNITY::All living beings in an All living beings in an

area – all the area – all the populations in one populations in one

areaarea

5. POPULATION5. POPULATION::All the members of the All the members of the same species living in same species living in the same area at the the same area at the same historical time same historical time

periodperiod

6. SPECIES6. SPECIES::Group of similar Group of similar

organisms that can organisms that can interbreed and interbreed and produce fertile produce fertile

offspringoffspring..

Are a Poodle and a German Shepherd Are a Poodle and a German Shepherd the same species?the same species?

YES – they can mate and produce a muttYES – they can mate and produce a mutt Are a horse and zebra the same species?Are a horse and zebra the same species? NO – no offspring (children)NO – no offspring (children) Are a horse, a donkey, or a mule the Are a horse, a donkey, or a mule the

same species? same species? NO – a female horse and a male donkey NO – a female horse and a male donkey

can mate and produce a mule BUT the can mate and produce a mule BUT the mule is sterile (it can’t produce children mule is sterile (it can’t produce children itself).itself). Note a male horse and a female donkey Note a male horse and a female donkey produce a hinny.produce a hinny.

7. INDIVIDUAL 7. INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMSORGANISMS

8. SYSTEMS8. SYSTEMS

9. ORGANS9. ORGANS

10. TISSUE10. TISSUE

11. CELL11. CELL::The basic The basic

structural and structural and functional unit of functional unit of

lifelife

12. ORGANELLES12. ORGANELLES::Specialized cell Specialized cell

partsparts Examples include Examples include the mitochondria, the mitochondria,

endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuoles, Golgi ribosomes, vacuoles, Golgi bodies, centrioles , etc….bodies, centrioles , etc….

13. 13. BIOMOLECULESBIOMOLECULES::“Life” Molecules. “Life” Molecules.

Molecules Molecules (chemicals) found in (chemicals) found in living organisms.living organisms.

4 Types of 4 Types of BiomoleculesBiomolecules

ProteinsProteins (made of amino acids) (made of amino acids)CarbohydratesCarbohydrates (used for ready (used for ready

energyenergyLipidsLipids (fats – used for stored (fats – used for stored

energy)energy)Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) … (DNA & RNA) …

the blueprints of lifethe blueprints of life

OTHER LEVELSOTHER LEVELS14. MOLECULES AND 14. MOLECULES AND

ATOMSATOMS15. SUBATOMIC 15. SUBATOMIC

PARTICLES (Proton, PARTICLES (Proton, Neutron, Electrons)Neutron, Electrons)

16. Quarks, Leptons, 16. Quarks, Leptons, Hadrons, Bosons, etc..Hadrons, Bosons, etc..