What do wood, a marshmallow and gasoline all have in common?

They all have stored chemical energy that can be used for energy!!!!

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

C6H1206 + 6O2 6H20 + 6 C02 + 38ATP

38 ATP for one glucose- CR: 39 % efficient - Car: 25% efficient

How do we get energy from other foods?

Obtaining Food • All organisms need food

for energy and building materials

Ultimate Source

Energy Molecules ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate

( ENERGY CURRECNY) High Potential Energy

ADP- Adenosine DiphosphateAMP- Adenosine Monophosphate

Energy Cycle

Energy Cycle

Exergonic Reactions

• Release energy • Spontaneous

• Generate energy

Endergonic Reactions

• Input of energy

Check Yourself

• Are Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration exergonic or endergonic reactions?

Energy • Potential energy

– energy of position, stored energy

• Kinetic energy – energy of motion

Sugars• Chemical Energy =• Potential Energy

Entropy

2nd Law of Thermodynamics Entropy

Cards Entropy Game • Cells are highly organized like the tower we built.

• According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, disorder (entropy) is always on the increase.

(easy to break) • It takes work maintain order.

• Cells need energy: to maintain their order to repair themselvesto growto reproduce

Energy MoleculesRedox Reactions- Reduction/Oxidation reactions

LEO- Lose Electrons Oxidized GER- Gain Electrons Reduced

Energy Molecules C6H1206 + 6O2 6H20 + 6 C02 + 38ATP

Glucose gets oxidized to CO2

LEO- lose electrons ( or Hydrogens)

Oxygen gets reduced to H20GER- gains electrons ( or Hydrogens)

H+ and 1 electron (e-)

Check yourself!CH4 + 02 C02 + 2H20

Where does the fire come from?

Chloroplast

Typesi. Anaerobic Respiration

ii. Aerobic Respiration

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation

Aerobic Respiration Overview

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATPWaterOxygen Carbon

DioxideEnergyGlucose

Stages of Aerobic Respiration

1) Glycolysis [cytoplasm] sugar is split in halves called pyruvate

makes 2 ATP2) Krebs Cycle / Citric Acid Cycle [in

mitochondria] breaks down pyruvic acid into CO2

makes 2 ATP3) Electron Transport Chain [membranes of

mitochondria] H+ ions combine with oxygen, making ATP and water

makes 32-34 ATP

Energy Molecules NAD+ and FAD

– NAD+ is reduced NADH • accepts 2 electrons and a H• (high energy electrons)

– FAD is reduced FADH2 • accepts 2 electrons and 2 Hydrogens

What happens to the thing NAD+ and FAD takes the electrons from?

Gets oxidized parts of the broken down Glucose

Glycolysis Overview

• In the cytoplasm – O2 does not need to be present

• Split sugar • Glucose 6 carbon sugar split into

two 3 carbon sugar (pyruvate) • 10 steps – 2 parts

– Invest energy (spend 2 ATP) – 4 ATP formed

• 2 NET ATP – 2 NADH formed – 2 Pyruvate and 2 H2O