Sentence Structure *A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought.
What do we mean by Syntax? Unit 6 – Presentation 1 “the order or arrangement of words within a...
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Transcript of What do we mean by Syntax? Unit 6 – Presentation 1 “the order or arrangement of words within a...
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• What do we mean by Syntax?
Unit 6 – Presentation 1
“the order or arrangement of words within a sentence”• And what is a ‘sentence’?
A group of words that conveys full meaning and can stand on its own in speech and writing.
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How is a ‘Clause’ different from a ‘Sentence’?
A clause is a group of words within a sentence.
The subject: sb/ sth that does, is or has what the verb says &
the finite verb
What are the main terms in a clause or sentence?
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What are some other terms of a sentence/ clause?
The object, a complement and adjuncts.
Also a group of words within a clause or a sentence but WITHOUT a verb.
And what is a phrase?
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• FRONT: before the subject.• MID: between subject and verb.• END: after the verb or after the object
(if any).
What are ‘front’, ‘mid’ and ‘end’ positions in a sentence?
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S(ubject) V(erb) O(bject)
What is the standard construction rule in English?
And where are adverbs normally placed in this construction?
In ‘end’ position in the order:Manner – Place - Time
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Yes. 1) verb of motion OR position place +
manner + time2) time adverbials can also be in Front
position, esp. if there are more than one adverbial
3) manner adverbs/ adverbials are placed in Mid position OR immediately after the verb when the object is a whole clause and there are meaning issues
Are there exceptions to the M-P-T rule?
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• Manner• Place/ Direction• Time• Frequency• Degree • Quantity• Comment• Restrictive• Linking
What is the normal position for these categories of adverbs?
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A set of 3 rules:• conjunction + subject + verb (+ other
terms)• prepositional phrase + noun/ pronoun/
gerund/ noun phrase-clause• linking adverb/ phrase + ,/ ./ ; +
sentence
What is the Golden Rule of syntax?
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Main & Subordinate Clauses
What are the two principal types of Clause?
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3:• SIMPLE• COMPOUND• COMPLEX
How many types of Sentences are there?
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One that contains only one finite verb (mentioned or implied).
Simple sentences (i.e. Main Clauses) stand alone and are not linked.
What is a Simple sentence?
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One that contains at least two main clauses and are linked by:
• Cumulative links• Alternative links• Adversative links• Illative links
What is a Compound sentence?
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One that contains at least one main and at least one subordinate clause.
What is a Complex sentence?
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Also 3:• Adjective Clauses (Relative, Participle)• Noun Clauses (Typically ‘that’ & ‘what’
clauses but also others that are used as nouns)
• Adverb Clauses (Comparison, Time, Place, Conditional, Reason, Result, Purpose, Concession, Manner)
How many types of Subordinate Clauses are there?
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• Adjective Clauses work like adjectives.• Relative Clauses refer to a term of the
main clause and are introduced by: who/ which/ that/ where/ when/ why/ what.
• Participle Clauses are relative ones that are shortened.
What do you know about i) Adjective Clauses & ii) Relative & Participle ones?
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• Noun Clauses work like nouns, i.e. as subjects, objects or preposition complements
What do you know about Noun Clauses?
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Adverb Clauses work like adverbs/ adverbials.
(Learn particular patterns, e.g. so that + subject + can/ may/ will + infinitive, by heart!)
Can you give the specifics of the various Adverb Clauses?
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Yes. There is the independent type: Exclamatory sentences with
• What/ How• So/ Such• Negative-questions
Is there any other type of Clause/ Sentence?