What do these images have What do these images have in common?in common?

What is urban?What is urban?

With a partner create your own a definitionWith a partner create your own a definition

Think of 5 words which best describe Think of 5 words which best describe ‘urban’‘urban’

The Urban EnvironmentThe Urban Environment

Lesson Objectives:Lesson Objectives:

To understand the global patterns of To understand the global patterns of population change.population change.

To understand the reasons for rapid urban To understand the reasons for rapid urban growth in developing countries.growth in developing countries.

Introduction.Introduction.

In the past fewer than one person in three In the past fewer than one person in three lived in a town or city.lived in a town or city.

Today half of the world’s population live in Today half of the world’s population live in an urban area and by 2015 it is expected an urban area and by 2015 it is expected to go up to about 60%.to go up to about 60%.

In 1950 New York was the only global In 1950 New York was the only global megacity; by 2015 it is estimated that megacity; by 2015 it is estimated that there will be about 27 megacities.there will be about 27 megacities.

What is a megacity?What is a megacity?101 East - Mega Cities - Mega Problems-29 May 08 - Part 1101 East - Mega Cities - Mega Problems-29 May 08 - Part 1 – – You tubeYou tube

A A megacitymegacity is usually is usually defined as a defined as a metropolitan areametropolitan area with a with a total total populationpopulation in in excess of 10 million excess of 10 million people. A megacity can people. A megacity can be a single metropolitan be a single metropolitan area or two or more area or two or more metropolitan areas that metropolitan areas that converge. The terms converge. The terms conurbation conurbation

Greater Tokyo city has 30 million people.

Megacity- Video TaskMegacity- Video Task

101 East - Mega Cities - Mega Problems-29 May 08 - 101 East - Mega Cities - Mega Problems-29 May 08 - Part 1 – You tubePart 1 – You tube

Watch the video clip and note the;Watch the video clip and note the;– Advantages of a megacityAdvantages of a megacity– The disadvantages of a megacityThe disadvantages of a megacity– The future for megacitiesThe future for megacities

http://www.citypopulation.de/http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.htmlworld/Agglomerations.html

BBC news – an Indian city busting BBC news – an Indian city busting at it’s seams.at it’s seams.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8219480.stmsouth_asia/8219480.stm

Watch the video clip and jot a few points Watch the video clip and jot a few points down in your books.down in your books.

Rates of urban population growth.Rates of urban population growth.

Definition: Definition: Urbanisation is the increase in the Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and proportion of people living in towns and citiescities

UrbanisationUrbanisation is generally linked to economic is generally linked to economic development. As countries move from a development. As countries move from a mainly rural agricultural economy to a more mainly rural agricultural economy to a more industrial commercial economy population industrial commercial economy population becomes more concentrated in towns and becomes more concentrated in towns and cities.cities.

What causes urbanisation?What causes urbanisation?

Urbanisation occurs because people move Urbanisation occurs because people move from rural areas (from rural areas (countrysidecountryside) to urban ) to urban areas (areas (towns and citiestowns and cities). This usually ). This usually occurs when a country is still developingoccurs when a country is still developingPrior to 1950 the majority of urbanisation Prior to 1950 the majority of urbanisation occurred in MEDC’s (more economically occurred in MEDC’s (more economically developed countries) developed countries) Since 1950 the most rapid growth in Since 1950 the most rapid growth in urbanisation has occurred in LEDC's (Less urbanisation has occurred in LEDC's (Less Economically Developed Countries) in Economically Developed Countries) in South America, Africa and Asia.South America, Africa and Asia.

People migrate in the hope of improving their People migrate in the hope of improving their living conditions and having a better chance in living conditions and having a better chance in life.life.

They expect to, or, are led to believe, that the They expect to, or, are led to believe, that the city will provide everything they need.city will provide everything they need.

The reality is often different. With little or no The reality is often different. With little or no money, without work skills and poor education money, without work skills and poor education they are unable to buy a house and have to they are unable to buy a house and have to make temporary shelter from cheap or waste make temporary shelter from cheap or waste material.material.

Few people find jobs, almost all remain very Few people find jobs, almost all remain very poor.poor.

Interactive map showing urban Interactive map showing urban growth.growth.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/world/06/urbanisation/html/urbanisation.stmworld/06/urbanisation/html/urbanisation.stm

Make note of the projections of growth over Make note of the projections of growth over time. Record what you seen. Note names time. Record what you seen. Note names of countries and population figures.of countries and population figures.

1. Rural to urban migration is happening on a massive scale due to population pressure and lack of resources in rural areas. These are 'push' factors’. 2. People living in rural areas are 'pulled' to the city. Often they believe that the standard of living in urban areas will be much better than in rural areas. They are usually wrong. People also hope for well paid jobs, the greater opportunities to find casual or 'informal' work, better health care and education. 3. Natural increase caused by a decrease in death rates while birth rates remain high.

The three main causes of urbanisation in The three main causes of urbanisation in

LEDC's since 1950 are:LEDC's since 1950 are:

Push factorsPush factors – people may – people may wish to get away from things wish to get away from things that they do not like.that they do not like.

1.1. Poor wages and Poor wages and shortages of jobs.shortages of jobs.

2.2. Difficult conditions, with Difficult conditions, with poor housing and low poor housing and low standards of living.standards of living.

3.3. Lack of services such Lack of services such as schools, hospitals, as schools, hospitals, clean water and clean water and electricity.electricity.

4.4. Chance of natural Chance of natural disasters and crop disasters and crop failures.failures.

1.1. More opportunities in More opportunities in industry and services, industry and services, with higher wages.with higher wages.

2.2. Better housing and Better housing and better quality of life.better quality of life.

3.3. Better chance of Better chance of services such as services such as schools, medical care, schools, medical care, water and electricity water and electricity supply.supply.

4.4. Fewer natural disasters Fewer natural disasters in cities.in cities.

Pull factors –people are attracted to things that they like.

Urban sprawl.Urban sprawl.

Urban sprawlUrban sprawl, also known as , also known as suburban suburban sprawlsprawl, is the spreading of a city and its suburbs , is the spreading of a city and its suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area.over rural land at the fringe of an urban area.As the urban areas develop, there is a growing As the urban areas develop, there is a growing demand for building land. Since land is limited, demand for building land. Since land is limited, there is increasing pressure to build on the rural there is increasing pressure to build on the rural – urban fringe.– urban fringe.In recent years more and more people are In recent years more and more people are moving away from urban areas to live in more moving away from urban areas to live in more suburban fringe areas. It is seen as areas with suburban fringe areas. It is seen as areas with more open space and better living conditions but more open space and better living conditions but is still close for work and leisure persuits.is still close for work and leisure persuits.

Urban SprawlUrban SprawlIt goes on and on and on... It goes on and on and on...

In many In many developing developing countries the countries the wealthier people wealthier people are moving from are moving from the city centres to the city centres to the more affluent the more affluent

( rich) suburbs, ( rich) suburbs, because they feel because they feel safer away from safer away from the slums and the slums and squatter areas squatter areas found in inner found in inner cities.cities.

Key terms to learn Key terms to learn

1.1. UrbanisationUrbanisation

2.2. Urban sprawlUrban sprawl

3.3. Suburbs.Suburbs.

HomeworkHomework

Complete the where do people live Complete the where do people live worksheet.worksheet.Research the number of people that live Research the number of people that live there.there.Suggest reasons for the numbers of Suggest reasons for the numbers of people.people.– E.g. Antarctica- Population is 1,000 this is low E.g. Antarctica- Population is 1,000 this is low

because it is covered by ice and the coldest, because it is covered by ice and the coldest, driest and windiest continent in the world.driest and windiest continent in the world.