What Compounds Do Cells Need?. Carbohydrates – Organic Molecule Made of carbon, hydrogen, and...
-
Upload
virgil-anderson -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of What Compounds Do Cells Need?. Carbohydrates – Organic Molecule Made of carbon, hydrogen, and...
What Compounds Do Cells Need?
Carbohydrates – Organic Molecule• Made of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen• Short term energy storage –
body uses first• Makes up cell wall and cell
membrane• Fruits, breads, pasta, rice,
potatoes, candy, and cookies • Examples:
– starches - large sugar molecules that store excess energy
– glucose (sugar) – body breaks down starches into glucose when eaten; cells use to get energy
– cellulose – found in cell walls of plants
Proteins – Organic Molecule• Made of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and nitrogen• Makes up many cell structures
(cell membrane and parts of the organelles)
• Responsible for many cell functions
• Enzymes – a group of proteins that speed up chemical reactions
• Meat, dairy products, fish, nuts, and beans
• Examples:– Amylase – an enzyme in saliva
that speeds up the digestion of starch
– Keratin – provides structural support; found in hair, nails, horns, feathers
Lipids – Organic Molecule• Made of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen• Long term energy storage –
body uses last• Makes up most of the cell
membrane• Fats, oils, and waxes• Whole milk, ice cream, and
fried foods• Examples:– Cholesterol – found in your
blood– Phosopholipids – make up cell
membrane
Nucleic Acids – Organic Molecule• Made of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, protein, and nitrogen
• Contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life
• Red meat, shellfish, mushrooms, and peas
• Examples:– DNA – genetic material that
carries information about an organism; directs cell functions; found in the cell’s nucleus
– RNA – makes proteins
Water – Inorganic Molecule• Made of hydrogen and
oxygen• Used for many chemical
reactions in the cell• Helps cells keep their
shape• Regulates cell
temperature• Carries substances into
and out of cells• About 2/3 of the human
body is made of water