WHAT CAUSES CLASTIC PARTICLES IN WATER TO MOVE?. START WITH WHAT WE KNOW: Surface waters occur in...
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Transcript of WHAT CAUSES CLASTIC PARTICLES IN WATER TO MOVE?. START WITH WHAT WE KNOW: Surface waters occur in...
WHAT CAUSES CLASTIC PARTICLES IN WATER TO MOVE?
START WITH WHAT WE KNOW:
Surface waters occur in channels (rivers) or during overland flow.
In either case we can imagine them to be
really “wet” slopes.
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
MassSin (slope)
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
MassSin (slope)
Normal Stress(Mass . Cos (Slope))
FrictionCohesion
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
MassSin (slope)
Normal Stress(Mass . Cos (Slope))
FrictionCohesion
2 - 5°
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
MassSin (slope) ~ 0
Normal Stress(Mass . Cos (Slope))
FrictionCohesion
2 - 5°
(Mass . ~ 1)
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
MassSin (slope) ~ 0 Friction
Cohesion
2 - 5°
Mass
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
MassSin (slope) ~ 0 Friction
Cohesion
2 - 5°
Mass
BUT PARTICLES DO MOVE IN RIVERS,SO WHAT FORCE HAVE WE MISSED?
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.Kinetic energy produced as water moves down slope from higher on slope (more potential energy) to lower on slope (less potential energy).
FrictionCohesion
2 - 5°
Mass
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.FrictionCohesion
2 - 5°
Mass
FORC
E
RESISTANCE
HJULSTRÖM’S DIAGRAM
Velo
city
FORC
E
RESISTANCE
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Weight
Velo
city
FORC
E
RESISTANCE
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Grain Size
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Grain SizeClay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel PebblesSmall size provides little resistance.
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Needs small force, (velocity) to overcome resistance
V*clay
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
V*clay
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
V*clay
V*silt
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
V*clay
V*silt
V*sand
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
V*clay
V*silt
V*sand
V*grav.
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
V*clay
V*silt
V*sand
V*grav.
V*pebb.
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
FORCES > RESISTANCESMOTION
RESISTANCES > FORCESNO MOTION
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
RESISTANCES > FORCESNO MOTION
FORCES > RESISTANCESMOTION
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMI. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.Friction
2 - 5°
Mass
Cohesion
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMII. {WEIGHT + COHESION} AND VELOCITY
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMII. {WEIGHT + COHESION} AND VELOCITY
Cohesion
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMII. {WEIGHT + COHESION} AND VELOCITY
Cohesion
FORCES > RESISTANCESMOTION
RESISTANCES> FORCESNO MOTION RESISTANCES
> FORCESNO MOTION
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.
2 - 5°
Mass
Cohesion
Friction
WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.
2 - 5°
Mass
Cohesion
Friction
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMIII. {WEIGHT+COHESION+FRICTION} AND VELOCITY
Cohesion
RESISTANCES> FORCESNO MOTION RESISTANCES
> FORCESNO MOTION
FORCES > RESISTANCESMOTIONTRANSITION
TRANSITION
ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.
2 - 5°
Mass
Cohesion
Friction
HIGH
VELOCITY
BIGPARTICLES
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Cohesion
TRANSITIONTRANSITIONHIGH
VELOCITY
MOTION
IV. TRANSPORTATION
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Cohesion
TRANSITIONTRANSITION
HIGHVELOCITY MOTION
VELOCITYDECLINES
IV. TRANSPORTATION
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Cohesion
TRANSITIONTRANSITION
HIGHVELOCITY MOTION
VELOCITYDECLINES
LOWERVELOCITY
IV. TRANSPORTATION
ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.
2 - 5°
Mass
Cohesion
Friction
LOWER VELOCITY
BIGPARTICLES
ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.
2 - 5°
Mass
Cohesion
Friction
LOWER VELOCITY
BIGPARTICLES
MASS CAUSES PARTICLE TO SINK TO BOTTOM – TO BE
“DEPOSITED”.
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMIV. TRANSPORTATION
Cohesion
TRANSITIONTRANSITION
HIGHVELOCITY MOTION
VELOCITYDECLINES
LOWERVELOCITY
DEPOSITION
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMIV. TRANSPORTATION
Cohesion
TRANSITIONTRANSITION
FORCES > RESISTANCESMOTION
RESISTANCES> FORCESNO MOTION &DEPOSITION
ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.
2 - 5°
Mass
Cohesion
Friction
HIGH
VELOCITY
SMALLPARTICLES
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMIV. TRANSPORTATION
Cohesion
TRANSITIONTRANSITIONHIGH
VELOCITY
MOTION
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Cohesion
TRANSITIONTRANSITION
HIGHVELOCITY MOTION
VELOCITYDECLINES
IV. TRANSPORTATION
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Cohesion
TRANSITIONTRANSITION
HIGHVELOCITY MOTION
VELOCITYDECLINES
LOWERVELOCITY
IV. TRANSPORTATION
ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.
2 - 5°
Mass
Cohesion
Friction
LOWER VELOCITY
SMALLPARTICLES
ONCE IN MOTION THERE IS NO COHESION OR FRICTION!
ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS?
FORCE RESISTANCE
Velocity of water.
2 - 5°
Mass
Cohesion
Friction
LOWER VELOCITY
SMALLPARTICLES
MASS IS SO SMALL THAT PARTICLE CONTINUES TO BE “TRANSPORTED”
AT LOW VELOCITY.
Weight
Velo
city
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAMIV. TRANSPORTATION
Cohesion
TRANSITIONTRANSITION
FORCES > RESISTANCESMOTION & EROSION
RESISTANCES> FORCESNO MOTION &DEPOSITION
RESISTANCES> FORCESNO MOTION BUTTRANSPORT
THE LINK TO THE LAND-BASED PORTION OF THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE?
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
EROSION
DEPOSITION
TRANSPORT
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTRÖM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Pebbles
Velo
city
HYDROGRAPH HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM
Time
Qua
ntity
of S
trea
mflo
w