What are they? How can I do them too? Construction + Materials IV: Construction Documents.
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Transcript of What are they? How can I do them too? Construction + Materials IV: Construction Documents.
What are they?How can I do them too?
Construction + Materials IV:Construction Documents
The Traditional Phases of Design:
Purpose of this ProcessFacilitate dialog with your clientAnticipate the opportunities and constraints
of a given projectExamine exact construction and materials
before construction beginsCommunicate your design to the people
who will build itQuality assurance during construction
Where’s the contract part?
In your contract… Schematic Design
Prepare design analysis and alternatives, diagrams, concepts boards Sketches in perspective, plans and elevations Occasionally materials swatches and square-foot cost estimate
Design Development Detailed dimensional study of chosen scheme Code analysis Most typically plans, sections, elevations, and a full materials board Cost Estimate Occasionally photo-realistic renderings to examine complex design situations
Construction Documents Complete drawn description of all elements of the project Complete written description of all products, including where and an how they are
to be used Bidding and negotiation
Assist in preparing and distributing copies of all documents Answer contractor questions Prepare and distribute sketches, request for information (RFI) responses and
addenda Advise you client about issues that arise
Construction administration Visit site to verify compliance with the contract documents Answer questions; distribute RFI’s and addenda Advise you client Prepare punch list and certificate of Substantial Completion
CD’s vs. FF&E Documents
Consider constructability as you designConcept statementConceptual diagramsUnderstanding typical construction
methods and proceduresUnderstanding characteristics of different
materials
THE CONTRACT DOCUMENTS• Comprised of the Specifications, Contracts, and
Construction Drawings (working drawings)• Serve as guide for the workers & suppliers to
follow during construction
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THE CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
• Show the location, size, and particulars of something to be built.
• The specifications are written documents that set the standards of the workmanship and materials.
• The construction drawings and the specifications complement one another and are used together.
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THE CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
• An example:• Drawings show the color and location of a paint
applied to a wall.• But do not tell how it is to be applied (sprayed,
rolled, or brushed)• Also do not specify the resulting workmanship
required.• All of these particulars are detailed out in written
specifications that accompany the drawings.
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THE SPECIFICATIONS• Are written documents the clearly describe:• The required materials.• Requirements for the execution of the work.• Workmanship expected.
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THE SPECIFICATIONS
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Might be placed directly on the drawings
THEY MIGHT FILL A WHOLE SHEET
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THEY MIGHT BE IN A SEPARATE BOOKLET
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• Could be bound or a loose-leaf manual• Or might be on a CD/DVD
SPECIFICATIONS ARE REFERRED TO AS CLOSED OR OPEN
• CLOSED – No product can be used on the project other than what is specified.
• OPEN – Allows for the contractor to suggest alternate products the item that is specified.
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FOUR TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS
• PROPRIETARY
• DESCRIPTIVE
• REFERENCE
• PERFORMANCE
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ORGANIZATION OF SPECIFICATIONS• Organization of specifications has been
standardized in accordance with the building trades.
• Current Systems – known as “MasterFormat “• Contract Specifications Institute (CSI)• Construction Specifications Canada (CSC)
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MASTERFORMAT SYSTEM• Used to be 16 Divisions, but was revised in
2004.• Standardizes the format and numbering of
project information.• Used for specifications & cost estimating.
• Divided into two groups and five subgroups, as follows on next slides.
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CONTRACTS
• Are various contractual agreements between the parties involved in a building project.
• They detail each party’s responsibilities.• Can be oral or written formats – but written are
preferred.
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CONTRACTS
• Are various contractual agreements between the parties involved in a building project.
• They detail each party’s responsibilities.• Can be oral or written formats – but written are
preferred.• Preprinted documents are provided by:• A.I.A. (American Institute of Architects)• A.S.I.D. (American Society of Interior Designers)• I.I.D.A. (International Interior Design Association)
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SAMPLE CONTRACT
A.S.I.D. exampleTable of contents for
Agreement Between Designer & Client for Design Services.
Another important contract is the one between owner & contractor to do the work – based on the drawings & specifications.
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CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
Often called working drawingsVisually communicate design and
information required to bring a building or space into reality.
The drawings generally follow a set of architectural drawing conventions – as explained in the rest of this chapter.
However, there is a variety in these set conventions – depending on the office standards, size of the project, and details needed.
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ORGANIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
• Primary types of drawings are generally described as architectural and engineering drawings.• A concrete wall might described as to size & finish
on the architectural drawings, but an engineering drawing spell out the exact structural components, such as the steel in the concrete wall.
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ORGANIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
• Other specialty drawings might be created specifically for furniture placement.
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SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
• Construction drawings are sequentially arranged by major components.
• The order of drawings generally follow how a building is constructed - from the ground to the shell of the building to the interiors.
• The exact sequence and number of sheets will vary from project to project and office to office.
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SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
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SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS (cont’d)
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ORGANIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR A SMALL RESIDENCE
• The small residence shown in the following slides only comprises 3 sheets.
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SMALL RESIDENCE
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SMALL RESIDENCE
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SMALL RESIDENCE
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A LARGER PROJECT - 30 sheets
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THE CONSTRUCTION DRAWING SET
• The sheets are numbered and bound sequentially as a set.
• In small projects, a simple numeric system is used.
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ORGANIZING THE SET BY SPECIALTIES
A - ArchitecturalS - StructuralM – MechanicalE – ElectricalP – PlumbingI – InteriorsF – FinishesQ - Equipment
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GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
Before the construction drawings are made, other work must first be finished:Feasibility studiesProgrammingSchematicsPreliminary designsDesign development
Info from consultants must be collected and be available.
A building code analysis is done before the construction drawing phase or at the very beginning of it.
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A Contemporary Art Museum
So what’s the project?
Program summaryLobbyShopCaféGalleries of various sorts
Site: the Old Brunswick, ME HS
Aesthetic issuesHow to work with existing buildingHow aggressive should the new
architecture be?How to handle daylighting and electric
lighting
PrecedentsDeYoung Museum, San FranciscoBoston ICAMass MOCALA County Museum
Denver Museum of Art
Daniel Liebeskind
Building Code issuesAt least two fully enclosed stairsSeparation of uses Atrium space (main stairs)Accessibility throughout