What are these figures?

36,376

9,838

38,060

1

Driving safety

Module three Topic two

Why Drive Safely?

1. Accident costs much2. Tourist expectation not met3. Driver expectation not met4. Government is concern

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2

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3

Accident costs?

• Physical damage• Property damage• Medical costs• Liability costs

1. Damage to:• Your vehicle• Yours and passengers’ property • Other vehicle/s

2. Injuries.

4

Driving Safety Statistics

• Someone is

injured every 18 seconds

• A person dies in a crash every 11 minutes

• Over 2 million injuries annually are disabling • Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of death • 1 in 4 fatal work injuries involves a vehicle accident.

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Road Traffic Accidents: The modern Killer

Globally

1.2 million die in road accidents every year

A further 50 million are injured

* Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO

The Global Status Report released by WHO this year confirms that road traffic injuries are still a

big global health and development problem.

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Global Road accident deaths

* Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO

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Global deaths: income group

* Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO

Low income countries

Middle income countries

High income countries

21.5 deaths per 100,000

19.5 deaths per 100,000

10.3 deaths per 100,000

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Global Deaths Vs Registered vehicles

* Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO

Population Road traffic deaths Registered vahicles

High income countries

Middle income countries

Low income countries

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Viet Nam: number of accidents, deaths and injuries

20102011

2012

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Accidents

Deaths

Injuries

AccidentsDeathsInjuries

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Viet Nam traffic accidents

• Highest number of traffic accidents compared with other ASEAN countries

• One of the highest number of traffic accidents in the world.

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Some accidents

• Dìn Ký tourist boat- 16 died- Driver: no driving license

• A collision between a tourist bus and a train in Hanoi: 9 died.

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Tourists expectation

• Life is not at risk

• Healthy and safe• Enjoy the trip and local tourist attractions.

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Driver expectation

• Safe and sound journey for ALL• No risks for driver’s own health• No damage for vehicles• No damage for others’ health and properties.• Achieve Company’s expectation of high standards of performance,

including safe driving.

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Government’s efforts

1. National Traffic Safety Committee chaired by a Deputy Prime Minister

2. Provincial Traffic Safety Committee 3. Traffic safety campaigns4. TV news programme on traffic safety every morning5. Safety driving education

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Causes of traffic accidents in Vietnam

1. 90% by Traffic attendants2. Less than 2% by Traffic infrastructure3. 1% by Traffic vehicle

4.60% accidents caused by

drunken drivers

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Recognize Driving Hazards

1. Do you identify the variety of driving hazards you could face on the road?

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Recognize Driving Hazards: Human Error - Drivers

1. Skills and experiences2. Driving attitude3. Personal moods and emotion4. Reckless driving

5. Distracted driving6. Fatigue, tired, …7. Failure to keep vehicles in good operating condition8. Driving under the influence.

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3

Driving hazards: Dangerous Conditions

1. Bad weather2. Difficult road conditions3. Poor light or glare4. Poor visibility5. Heavy traffic6. Road work7. Accidents8. Vehicles

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6

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Identify 5 driving

hazards caused by

human error

Activity 3.2.5 Driving Hazards: Quiz

• Reckless driving

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• Distracted driving

• Fatigue• Aggressive driving • Vehicles in

poor operating condition• Driving underthe influence

Identify 5 driving hazards caused by dangerous conditions

Activity 3.2.5 Driving Hazards: Quiz

• Bad weather

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• Difficult road conditions• Poor light or glare• Heavy traffic

• Road work

• Accidents

Factors that help driving safely

EnvironmentDriver Vehicle

Driving safely The

most importa

nt is the…

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Defensive driving 

• Driving to save lives, time, and money, in spite of the conditions around you and the actions of others

(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_driving)• Using knowledge and skills to drive in such a way that:

- Do not cause accidents- Do not involve in accidents.- Not being in a conditions to invite accident.

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FIVE key principles of defensive driving

Knowledge Alertness

Foresight

SkillGood judgment

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Activity 3.2.6 Posters: Steps of Defensive Driving

Draw a picture that clearly presents the 5 steps of Defensive Driving!

1. Search or Scan2. Identify3. Predict4. Decide

5. Execute

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What are the

precautions for defensive driving?

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How do you prepare your tourist vehicle in case of bad weather? Work in 3 groups of 6-8 persons for discussion (10 min.) and prepare for group presentation (3 min. max.):

Group 1: Prepare taxi – mini bus – coach

Group 2: Prepare motorbike – xe om

Group 3: Prepare cyclo

Activity 3.2.7: Problem solving & experience sharing. 27

Pre-driving preparation

Problem solving & experience sharing: How do you prepare your vehicle in case of bad weather: rain, sunny, … to serve tourist?

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Eliminate driving hazards: Pre-Drive Inspection

Lights working properly

Walk around inspection

Tires

Leaks under vehicle

Windows clean, nothing blocking

vision

Mirrors properly adjusted

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Eliminate driving hazards: Vehicle Maintenance

Regular tune-ups and check: daily, weekly and periodically

• Oil changes• Fluid levels• Brakes

• Tire treads and pressure• Lights, signals,

• and wipers, mirrors.

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Eliminate driving hazards

Adults and children over 6 yearswho drive or sit on motorbike have to wear helmet. Wear a

helmet

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Don’t Drink or Take Drugs and Drive

• Alcohol and drugs impair:- Ability to determine distances- Reaction time- Judgment- Vision

Some medicines can also make drivers drowsy (e.g. cold and flu meds, anti-histamines, etc.)• Remember:

- Only time, not coffee, will sober you up- Ride with a designated driver.

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Eliminate driving hazards: Seat belts

Seat Belts• Saved many lives, both driver and

passengers (if seat belts are provided)• Prevent crashing into steering wheel,

dash or windshield• Keep us inside vehicle• Protect body organs

• Improve chance of remaining conscious• Keep us behind the wheel if we have to

swerve or brake suddenly.

Fasten Seat Belts

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Eliminate driving hazards: Carrying a Load?

• Don’t overload your vehicle or motor-taxi• Make sure everyone has a seat and a seat belt• Make sure cargo is properly secured• Be certain your vision is not blocked.

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Obey Traffic Rules & Use Common Sense

• Speed limits• Traffic signs and signals• Signal your intentions: before overtaking, changing

direction or reversing• Pass with care and only where allowed.

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Follow the 3-second rule

Input text

Input text

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Maintain a minimum safe distance with driver s in front

Do not drive too close

Foresee situations and avoid brake too urgently.

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Do you use mobile phone when driving?

Should you? DO NOT. It makes you distracted ! You need to keep alert all the time.

At the speed of 110 KM/Hours…..

Normal

Drink alcohol

Using mobile phone (with headphone)

Using mobile phone (in hands)

31 Meters

35 Meters

39 Meters

45 Meters

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Activity 3.2.8: Problem solving: Group Work

Work in groups of 4-6 to solve driving problems. Each group must solve a problem (in 10 minutes) and present it to the rest of the class in 3 minutes for class discussion.

• Group 1: - What would you do to keep alert and be prepared? - How can you avoid the unexpected collisions?

• Group 2: - What should be considered when driving tourists in a vehicle (cyclo, xe om, taxi,) in heavy rain or flooded

street? - What do you do to adjust to weather & road conditions

• Group 3: - What are extra care if driving at night and trouble with

lights? - What would you do when passing an intersection?

• Group 4: - What would you do for watching out for fatigue - What would you do if you get unexpected traffic?

• Group 5: - What would you do when driving on a slope? - What would you do at a curve road?

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Activity 3.2.8: What would you do to keep alert & be prepared? – Group 1

• Keep your mind on your driving and your hands on the wheel• Scan the road ahead for problems• Check mirrors frequently• Expect the unexpected• Yield to other drivers who are determined to get there first

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Avoid Collisions

Collision situations:

Two-car collisions are among the most common kind of traffic accident

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How can you avoid the following unexpected collisions? 42

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How to break and stop safely?

• Observe• Anticipate• Decide• Act• Time – Stop.• Brake & release: will help

1. Avoid skidding2. Dry the break wheel3. Check break if works4. Alert the vehicle behind.

Break and stop urgently may cause accidents!

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What is the safe parking distance?

104kmph

88kmph

72kmph

56kmph

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

DryWet

Tourist Minibus

Meters

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What is the safe parking distance?

104kmph

88kmph

72kmph

56kmph

0 50 100 150 200 250

DryWet

Meters

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Tourist coach

What is the safe parking distance?

104kmph

88kmph

72kmph

56kmph

0 50 100 150 200 250

DryWet

Motorbike

Meters

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How do you pass other vehicles safely?

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Activity 3.2.8: What would you do & why? – Group 2

Problem solving:

Driving tourists in a vehicle (cyclo , xe om, taxi, …) in heavy rain or flooded street?

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What do you do to adjust to Weather & Road Conditions

• Slow down, maintain appropriate speed

• Turn on lights and wipers

• Increase following distance to 4 seconds

• Avoid puddles

• Beware of misty rain after a dry spell

• Be prepared to handle a skid safely. Don’t break urgently

• Beware oil on the road in wet weather

• Don't impede the flow of traffic

• Stop safely if necessary

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Activity 3.2.8 : What are extra care if driving at night & trouble with lights? – Group 3

• Keep windshield clean to improve vision• Turn lights on 1/2 hour before sunset• Increase following distance to 4 seconds• Be extra careful on curves and at intersections• Switch from high to low beams to keep

from blinding other drivers• If you have trouble, pull completely off

the road and use flashers.

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What would you do when passing an intersection?

• Clearly decide your direction

• Show your intention

• Rule of yielding to other drivers• Watch out the road for problems.

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Activity 3.2.8: What would you do for watching out for fatigue – Group 4

• Be especially careful during late night, early morning, and mid-afternoon hours

• Stop, take a nap, or get some exercise if you’re tired• Stop every so often over long distances• Avoid medications that cause drowsiness.

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What would you do if you get unexpected traffic?

• Keep your emotions in check• Take steps to stay relaxed no matter what• Allow enough time to get there• Don’t provoke other drivers• Report aggressive drivers to the police

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Activity 3.2.8: What would you do when driving on a slope? – Group 5

Key in Vietnamese text

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What would you do at a curve/bending road?

text

Vietnamese text

50KM 40KM 35KM 30KM 25KM 15KM

70KM

50KM

45KM

40KM

35KM

25KM

100KM 50KM 40KM 30KM 20KM 10KM

text

text

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Activity 3.2.9: Handle unexpected problems

What are unexpected problems with:- Passengers

- Car/Vehicle

- Routes

and how to handle these?

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Activity 3.2.10: Flashcard Game

Name the pictures provided to show the safety driving checklist for:

- Driving a taxi or a tourist car- Driving a mini-bus or a coach.

Handout: - Taxi driver’s checklist

- Coach/minibus driver’s checklist.

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