What are the factors that keep society together? What are the factors that keep teams together?
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Transcript of What are the factors that keep society together? What are the factors that keep teams together?
What are the factors that keep society together?
• What are the factors that keep teams together?
Emile Durkheim
•French philosopher and sociologist
•Believed humans are social. Society gives us meaning and purpose
•Emphasized cooperation rather than conflict
•Interested in the shared norms and values that make social life possible
•Applied scientific methods to study society
•Studied things we can observe and measure (ex. “Suicide”, 1st true sociological study)
(1858-1917)
What is the function (purpose) of sport in society?
• What is the purpose of sports in an individual’s life?
Durkheim
• Each part of society has its own function (like parts of a body)
• Ex. Religion’s function is to maintains social order by creating shared beliefs and values.
Society as an Organism – Bill Clinton Interview
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiNjU8DwJMo
What’s the role of Sociologists?
• Study social facts: facts that are true of groups of people rather than individuals
• Social facts include values, norms, and social structures external to the individual
Examples of Social Facts
• The idea of a husband or wife• Divorce• Marriage• Religion• Crime• A particular piece of paper is a one dollar bill
and has value
Studying Social Facts
• Social facts can be studied through research• Social facts allow us to compare groups of
people• Durkheim studied suicide
Ex. Social fact: Single people committed suicide more than did married people.
Ex. Social fact: Married people with children committed suicide less often than married people without children
Marx vs. Durkheim
• Marx– All about conflict– Concerned with the
material world– Grand views on history– Class conflicts led to
capitalism and would lead to communism
• Durkheim– All about cooperation– Concerned with ideas
and values– Grand views on history– Developing technology
would lead to functional differentiation
Max Weber•German political economist and sociologist
•Both conflict (Marx) and cooperation (Durkheim) are essential to social life.
•Both material resources (Marx) and cultural values (Durkheim) are important
•Interested in separate groups of society instead of the whole.
•We must consider people’s interpretations of events (feelings and thoughts)
•Cared more about the individual
1864-1920
Max Weber and his thoughts on Sociology•Verstehen (to understand): Understanding the meaning of actions from the individual’s point of view. Put yourself in the place of others.
1864-1920
Practicing Verstehen
Max Weber’s Ideas
• Rationalization: Logic and reason were coming to dominate faith and emotion in most areas of social life– Standards rules and systems are meant to apply to
everyone.– Society runs like a machine– Faster and more predictable
Weber’s Iron Cage
• Iron Cage– Industrial, mechanistic
world of rational calculation
– Lacking spirit, ideas– Negative sign of
rationalization– Social life increasingly
dominated by rational institutions and practices
I Love Lucy and the Iron Cage
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YGF5R9i53A&feature=fvwrel
Macrosociology vs Microsociology
Macrosociology• Analysis on a large scale• Grand views of society and
history• Comte, Marx, Durkheim• What is the role of sports in
society?
Microsociology • Everyday human social
interactions on a small scale.
• Face to face• Weber• What is the role of sports in
an individual’s life?
Understanding Sociological Perspectives
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EttgY4nzst0
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UJIPs2eG20
Analyze and apply sociological theories to an explanation of human behavior
and social organization
• Use your sociological imagination to analyze a social problem or situation in social life that you find interesting and/or problematic. Vividly recount a situation/experience that you’d like to analyze. Spend no more than a page outlining your notes. Explain how different sociological perspectives (functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, feminist) would explain the issue. Cite at least two sociologists (Marx, Durkheim, Weber) and explain how they
would see the issue.
Theories about Society
• 1. Functionalist Theory• 2. Conflict Theory• 4. Symbolic Interactionist Theory• 5. Feminist Theory
Functionalist Theory
• Assumption that all driving force behind social life is to continue to operate and function effectively
• Elements of society have a function
Conflict Theory
• Focus is on inequalities in society rather than what is required to keep a society running
• Based on Karl Marx’ theory• Assumption that sport is a reflection of the
exploitative and unequal practices of capitalist society
Symbolic Interactionist Theory
• Sport is seen as a meaningful interaction between people
• Belief that our identities are formed through interactions with people
• Research what meaning sport/physical activity provides for people
Feminist Theories
• Feminist Theories are critical theories based on experiences of women that have been devalued, exploited and oppressed in many societies
• Organized popularized sports reflect male traits; typical female traits don’t count much
• Feminist theories are committed to gender equality
Day 4 – The End