What are the differences between Vascular and non...

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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VASCULAR AND NON- VASCULAR PLANTS? Let’s take a closer look. What makes them different on the outside and inside ?

Transcript of What are the differences between Vascular and non...

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WHAT ARE THE

DIFFERENCES

BETWEEN VASCULAR

AND NON-

VASCULAR PLANTS?Let’s take a closer look.

What makes them different on the

outside and inside?

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Learning Intentions Success Criteria

To understand how vascular

plant cells are specialized and

organized for the intake,

movement and loss of water

from a plant

I can explain how the root and

shoot systems are effective in

transporting water through a

plant

I can explain the structural and

functional differences between

xylem and phloem

I know the difference between

vascular and non-vascular plants

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SEE IF YOU CAN OBSERVE THE

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE

TWO PLANTS…

Take a close look….

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Vascular Non Vascular

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Vascular Non Vascular

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Vascular Non Vascular

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Vascular Non Vascular

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Vascular Non Vascular

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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES?

Vascular Plants Non Vascular Plants

Has roots

Has stems

Has leaves

Has vascular bundles

Can transport water

Larger in size

Is better able to store water in

cells

No roots

No stems

No leaves

No vascular bundles

Are unable to transport water

Smaller in size

Must live in damp conditions

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A tree is an example of a vascular plant. They have a system of tissues

within them that carry water and food throughout the plant. These

tissues are found in the roots, stems, and leaves of the plant.

Vascular tissue ensures that each organ – the leaves, stems, roots,

flowers and seeds –receive what they need. The organs are grouped as

systems. Plants have two systems:

Shoot system: all parts of the plant found above ground – responsible for

transportation, absorption, reproduction and photosynthesis

Root system: all parts of the plant found below ground – responsible for absorbing

water and nutrients from the soil

Think about the largest tree you have ever seen.

How do you think the tree moves water and food through that very tall trunk?

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VASCULAR TISSUE

The vascular tissues are divided into two types based on what they transport.

The phloem are vessels on the outer layer of the stem that transport food

materials such as sugars from the leaves, where they are produced, or from storage

tissues, to the rest of the plant. If a tree is cut, you can often see sap seep out of the

tree, and this is the contents of the phloem. If you have ever had maple syrup, it is the

processed form of the sap that is found in the phloem of maple trees.

The second type of vascular vessel is the xylem; these are the vessels that transport

water throughout the plant. The xylem vessels carry water from the roots up the

plant and to the leaves.

Not only do vascular tissues help plants move water and food more efficiently

throughout the plant, they also make it possible for the plant to grow larger. By

having these vessels, plants can move necessary supplies farther and therefore

grow larger. These vascular vessels are similar to the closed circulatory system

of humans, because both systems transport nutrients and allow the organisms

to grow larger due to the ability to transport farther.

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XYLEM Water enters the roots by the process of osmosis. Dissolved ions enter via

diffusion and active transport.

Xylem is made up of two types of cells: tracheids and vessel elements.

Water exits the xylem vessels via stomata – small holes on the surface of the

leaves

Water is evaporated off the surface of the leaves through the process

transpiration (like perspiration), this drives the constant upward movement of

water

Water is continually being sucked from the roots and transported to the leaves

– this is called the transpiration stream. This process, where the water is

pulled up vertically through the xylem, is called transpirational pull.

Water particles are adhesive (stick to the xylem vessel) and cohesive (stick

together) so if some move, they all move. This allows water to reach the leaves

at the top of a very tall tree.

See figure 3.6 pg.72

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STOMATA

The carbon dioxide that plants need to photosynthesise enters through

the stomata (singular stoma). This is the site of gas exchange. It is also

where water exits.

Why are most stomata found on the lower surface of the leaves?

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Stomata are surrounded by two guard cells.

A stoma is open when guard cells are turgid and closes when these cells are

flaccid

Read page 73 and determine what causes stomata to close.

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PHLOEM

The movement of organic materials (sugars) around the plant is called

translocation

Not all cells are capable of photosynthesis as then do not all contain

chloroplasts – however all plant cells require glucose for cellular

respiration

The product of photosynthesis is glucose, however it is converted to

sucrose for transport and starch for storage.

Sucrose requires active transport from the phloem into cells.

During the day a plant both photosynthesises and respires

During the night they can only respire as they do not have access to

sunlight to photosynthesise

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a) Loss of water from xylem

through transpiration and

use in metabolism pulls

water through xylem vessels

b) Sugars are pushed down

the phloem. Sugar moves

from a region of high

pressure near its site of

production to regions of

low pressure where sugars

are used.

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STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES

BETWEEN XYLEM AND PHLOEM

Xylem is a dead tissue (the cells have lost the nucleus, organelles and

cytoplasm), while phloem is alive (some cells remain fully functional).

Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals around the plant (from

roots to leaves). Phloem conducts dissolved sugar around the plant from

where it is made to where it is needed.

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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE:

1. Which vessel is damaged in the process of ringbarking and why does

this lead to the death of a plant?

2. How is water transported around a plant?

3. How are sugars transported around a plant?

4. How are the xylem and phloem arranged in plant roots?

5. Explain how a plant increases its surface area for water absorption.

HOMEWORK: Plant tissues worksheet