What are civil liberties? Definition: individual protections against the government
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Transcript of What are civil liberties? Definition: individual protections against the government
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Civil Liberties
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Civil Liberties
What are civil liberties?• Definition: individual protections against
the government
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Civil Liberties
Where are these rights identified?• Definition: individual protections against
the government• Primarily contained in the Bill of Rights
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Civil Liberties
What is governments role with regard to these rights?
• Definition: individual protections against the government
• Primarily contained in the Bill of Rights• Government’s role is protecting rights,
not granting them• Involves a balancing of conflicting rights
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Civil Liberties
Balancing Conflicting Rights• Free speech v. protecting reputation• Freedom of the press v. fair trial
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Civil Liberties
Does the Bill of Rights apply to states?• First Amendment
Incorporation Doctrine
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Civil Liberties
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Civil Liberties
Does the Bill of Rights apply to states?• First Amendment• Barron v. Baltimore (1833)• Fourteenth Amendment
Incorporation Doctrine
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Civil Liberties
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Civil Liberties
Does the Bill of Rights apply to states?• First Amendment• Barron v. Baltimore (1833)• Fourteenth Amendment• Gitlow v. New York (1925)• Selective incorporation
Incorporation Doctrine
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Civil Liberties
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Civil Liberties
Where do the words “freedom of religion” appear in the
Constitution?
Religion
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Civil Liberties
Where do the words “separation of church and state” appear in
the Constitution?
Religion
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Civil Liberties
What words DO appear in the Constitution?
Religion
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Civil Liberties
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion . . .
Religion
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Civil Liberties
• Establishment Clause. . . or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof
Religion
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Civil Liberties
• Establishment Clause• Free Exercise Clause
Religion
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Civil Liberties
Establishment ClauseReligion
What would the Establishment Clause appear to say?
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Civil Liberties
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Civil Liberties
Establishment ClauseReligion
• No official religion of the U.S.• No favoritism toward one religion in
the U.S.• Jefferson: “a wall of separation
between church and state”
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Civil Liberties
Establishment ClauseReligion
Gov’t Aid to Church-related Schools• Lemon v. Kurtzman
Aid must have a secular purpose Aid does not advance or inhibit
religion No excessive gov’t entanglement
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Civil Liberties
Establishment ClauseReligion
Gov’t Aid to Church-related Schools• Books, computers• Transportation
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Civil Liberties
Establishment ClauseReligion
Religious Activity in Public Schools• Prayer (Engle v. Vitale)
Staff lead• Graduation• Athletic events• Moment of silence
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Civil Liberties
Establishment ClauseReligion
Religious Activity in Public Schools• Curriculum
Prohibiting evolution Adding creationism /
intellegent design Release Time
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Civil Liberties
Establishment ClauseReligion
Religious Activity in Public Schools• Use of facilities
Equal Access Act of 1984
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Civil Liberties
Establishment ClauseReligion
Religious Activity in Public Places• 10 Commandments
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Civil Liberties
Establishment ClauseReligion
Religious Activity in Public Places• 10 Commandments• Holiday displays
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Civil Liberties
Free Exercise ClauseReligion
Belief v. Practice
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Civil Liberties
Free Exercise ClauseReligion
Religious Practices that Forbid “Necessary” Activities• Medical care• Military service
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Civil Liberties
Free Exercise ClauseReligion
Religious Practices that Forbid “Necessary” Activities• Medical care• Military service• Attending public schools• Flag salute
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Civil Liberties
Free Exercise ClauseReligion
Religious Practices that Allow “Unacceptable” Activities• Polygamy• Drug use