Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

What 2 ‘revolutions’ slowly changed life in Medieval Europe?? Use Notes from yesterday!

¿Qué 2 'revoluciones' cambiaron lentamente la vida en la Europa medieval? ¡Utiliza notas de ayer!

9.2

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

Medieval Universities Emerge!By the 1100’s -- Europe changing dynamically!

Political and Economic recovery leads to the need for more educated people!

Church wanted… Better educated Clergy

Royal Rulers wanted… Literate men for bureaucracies

Cathedral schools evolved into the first universities!

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

What Did They Study???Seven liberal arts fields….

1) Arithmetic (Math)2) Geometry (Math)3) Astronomy (Stars, Planets, Space)4) Music5) Grammar6) Rhetoric (Speaking and Debating)7) Logic (Philosophy)

Women were left out, a reoccurring theme in history unfortunately. Some women were able to get an education through covenants however (nuns). Here’s a pointed quote from one well-educated Medieval woman…

“If it were customary to send daughters to school like sons, and if they were then taught the same subjects, they would learn as thoroughly and understand the subtleties of all arts and sciences as well as sons.”

-Christine de Pisan

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

New Ideas!--During the Islamic Golden Age Muslim Scholars translated the works of Aristotle and other Greek thinkers into Arabic.

-- These works reached Muslim controlled Spain and were then translated into Latin! Gave Western Europeans access to a wealth of knowledge!

-- Christian Scholars Struggled with Aristotle's Ideas --In Medieval Europe, The Church was the final say on all ideas.

Aristotle focused not on faith, but on logic and reason. These ideas atfirst clashed!!!

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

‘Scholasticism’-- Some Christian scholars tried to reconcile faith and reason --

This lead to a method called SCHOLASTICISM!

Used reason and logic in an attempt to support Christian faith

-- Most famous Scholastic Scholar --

Saint Thomas Aquinas

Argued that faith and reason exist in harmony! He attempted to

Unite Greek philosophy and Christian faith.

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

Medieval Literature-- While Latin was still the main language used by Scholars and Churchmen, many books started to pop up in ‘vernacular’ --

Vernacular = Everyday language of average people. (French, German, Italian)

Hero Epics! (Hero saves the day)

Dante’s Divine Comedy (travel through hell)

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

A Time of Crisis To Europeans in the 1300’s, the end of the world seemed to have come!

1st) Widespread Crop failures and starvation

2) Plague and War

1347 -- Another Plague outbreak!!! (Black Death)

“We see death coming into our midst like black smoke, a plague which cuts off the young, a rootless phantom which has no mercy or fair countenance. Woe is me… It is an ugly eruption that comes with unseemly haste. It is a grievous ornament that breaks out in a rash. The early ornaments of black death.” - Jevan Gethin

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

Page 274 THE BLACK DEATH!!! Reading and ?sRead through page 274 and use the map on page 275 to answer the 3 questions!

Questions are on the bottom right of page 275!!!

Para hispanohablantes ¡Completa las 6 caricaturas sobre las cruzadas de ayer!

Incluye ... 6 imágenes de cualquier cosa relacionada con las cruzadas, una etiqueta para lo que es, y una breve definición o explicación en la parte posterior.

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7OWLohZ_fs

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbXel06N6UM

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

Life Breaks Down...-- People turned to witchcraft and magic

-- Plunged into wild and unhinged pleasures

-- Some Christians blamed Jews for the outbreak

-- Economy became crippled, ‘Inflation’ Soared

Inflation = a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

Upheaval in The ChurchSpiritual crisis, division, and scandal within The Catholic Church

In 1378, the Church splits in two! ‘Schism’ or split

2 or even sometimes 3 Popes! Until it was resolved in 1417

New ‘Heresies’

Oxford professor John Wycliffe: The Bible, not the church!!!

In 1415… A leader following Wycliffe’s footsteps is burned at the stake…

-- Jan Hus --

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

The Hundred Years War!1337-1453, England and France engaged in a series of conflicts known as The Hundred Years War

-Struggle for land and power

- English win early victories (Longbow)

- Joan of Arc fights for France! (1429)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0q3uAu1EuRc

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

Impact of Hundred Years War!-- France had a stronger sense of National Unity

-- English rulers had to repeatedly ask parliament for funds to fight (power of the purse)

-- England lost hopes of a European empire, but turned it sights to trading overseas

-- Castles and armor became worthless (Longbow and Cannon)

-- Monarchs built further their standing armies

-- Italy slowly creeps its way into the Renaissance...

Focus Question: What achievements in learning, literature, and the arts characterized the High and Late Middle ages?

Focus Question: How did the combination of plague, upheaval in the Church, and war affect Europe in the 1300’s and 1400’s??

High and Late Middle Ages Reading