WG 8 Novi Sadfoodseg.linux15.webhome.at/fileadmin/userdaten/...3nd$FOODSEG$Symposium$...

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3 rd FOODSEG Symposium 24 – 25.04.2014 Novi Sad, Serbia WG 8 – Safety of fresh produce Andreas Höhl, BOKU, Vienna

Transcript of WG 8 Novi Sadfoodseg.linux15.webhome.at/fileadmin/userdaten/...3nd$FOODSEG$Symposium$...

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3rd  FOODSEG  Symposium  24  –  25.04.2014  Novi  Sad,  Serbia  

WG  8  –  Safety  of  fresh  produce  

Andreas Höhl, BOKU, Vienna

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Per  capita

 con

sump/

on  of  fresh  

prod

uce  in  th

e  U.S.  [Clem

ens,  2004]  

World  harvest  of  selected  

vegetables  [F

AO/W

HO  2008]  

Global  increase  in  fresh  produce  consump/on    Trend  towards  healthier  lifestyles  Consumer  awareness    Technological  developments  Economical  developments  (NAFTA)    à Season  independent  diverse  fresh  produce  market  

 Fruit  and  vegetables  among  the  fastest  growing  agricultural  markets  over  the  past  25  years    RISK  Product!!!      

3nd  FOODSEG  Symposium  24  .04  -­‐  25.04.2014;  Novi  Sad,  Serbia  

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WG  8  –  Safety  of  fresh  produce  Why?  

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3nd  FOODSEG  Symposium  24  .04  -­‐  25.04.2014;  Novi  Sad,  Serbia  

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WG  8  –  Safety  of  fresh  produce  Why?  

•  Unreported  before  the  1990s,    •  By  the  mid-­‐1990s,  illnesses  associated  with  cantaloupe,  tomatoes,  alfalfa  [Aruscavage,  

2006]    

[DEWAAL et al., 2006]

0,00  2,00  4,00  6,00  8,00  10,00  12,00  14,00  16,00  18,00  20,00  

2012  

2010  

2008  

2006  

2004  

2002  

2000  

1998  

1996  

1994  

1992  

1990  

Pub_hits  

Science  Direct  Search  “fresh  produce+  outbreak”  

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3nd  FOODSEG  Symposium  24  .04  -­‐  25.04.2014;  Novi  Sad,  Serbia  

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WG  8  –  Safety  of  fresh  produce  2011  –  2014  in  a  nutshell  

   

Biological  contaminants:  Salmonella  spp.,  E.coli,  Shigella  spp.,          Campylobacter  spp.,  Listeria  monocytogenes        NoV,,  HAV  

Envi.  contaminants:  Lead,  Cadmium,  Perchlorate,  Nitrate,  PAHs,        PCBs  

 ContaminaTon/Ecology:  Soil,  faeces,  irriga/on  water,  manure,  air,  

     dust,  insects,  transporta/on,  humans                Survival/growth  in  field/water/plant        Internaliza/on  mechanisms        

Containment/eradicaTon:  Strategies    preven/ng  contamina/on        Chemical    eradica/on        Surface  eradica/on          

     Problems/gaps/recommendaTons  

   

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WG  8  –  Safety  in  fresh  produce  Contamina/on  and  ecology  –  Recommenda/on  for  further  research  

 Gaps    o  Adhesion  mechanisms    to  plant  surface/Internaliza/on  

 o  Interac/ons  with  other  microbes  or  the  host  plant    o  Factors  effec/ng  the  survival  of  pathogens  on  the  field    o  Defining  reliable  indicator  bacteria  (for  fecal  contamina/on)      o  Evalua/ng  the  importance  of    different  risks    o  Mechanisms  for  the  occurence  of  «new»,  emerging  pathogens      (e.g.  EAEC  strain  responsible  for  the  2011  German  outbreak)      

Status  quo    Focus  on  post  harvest  ac/ons  to  reduce  contamina/on      Concepts  avoiding  contamina/on  are  rare  

 Lack  in  understanding  factors  and  processes  contribuTng    to  pre  harvest  contaminaTon    Outbreaks  oeen  associated  with  breaches  of  GAPs  Preventing contamination at pre-harvest stage more efficient than correcting measures after contamination Focus on pre harvesting!!!      

3nd  FOODSEG  Symposium  24  .04  -­‐  25.04.2014;  Novi  Sad,  Serbia  

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WG  8  –  Safety  in  fresh  produce  Detec/on  of  bacteria  -­‐    Recommenda/on  for  further  reserach  

Methods      Culture  based  methods        Plate  count,  MPN,    

       Culture  independent  methods        molecular  methods    

 Standards    ISO,  AOAC,……      Research      o  Number  of  pathogens  <  indigenous  microorganisms  needs      o  Forma/on  of  biofilms  

     o  Internaliza/on        o  Interferences  with  plant  material  (phenolic  compounds)        o  Sampling/sample  prepara/on    

   

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WG  8  –  Safety  in  fresh  produce  Detec/on  of  viruses  –  Recommenda/on  for  further  research  

Methods    o  Microbiological  culture  and  plaque  assay      o  Electron  microscopy      o  Enzyme  immunoassays      o  Molecular  biological  methods  (PCR,  RT  –  PCR,  qPCR,  qRT-­‐PCR,      NASBA)  

 Standard    Standards  are  rare!  

   CEN  working  on  PCR  based  standard  for  foodborne        viruses      

 Research      Lack  of  proper  cul/va/on  techniques  (surrogates)  needs    Low  numbers      

   à  representa/ve  samples  (which  parts,..)      à  method  sensi/vity  and  specificity              Infec/vity:  MOBI  à  false-­‐posi/ve  results          à  RNA  stability???                Methods  for  detaching  viruses  

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3nd  FOODSEG  Symposium  24  .04  -­‐  25.04.2014;  Novi  Sad,  Serbia  

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WG  8  –  Safety  of  fresh  produce  Environmental  contaminants  –    Recommenda/ons    for  further  reserach  

     General:    o  Determine    actual  risks  from  consump/on  contaminated      

   fresh  produce      o  Reduc/on  methods      o  Develop  specific  approaches    to  decrease  these  risks      o  Situa/on  in  developing  countries?      o  Interac/ons  of  chemical  contaminants  when  they  occur          simultaneously    

 Methodology:  Alterna/ves  to  usually  costly  analy/cal  equipment  

   On  site/in  field  applica/ons      Extrac/on  process:/co-­‐extrac/ves:    mul/  residue  analysis      Biosensors:  more  specific  an/bodies,  valida/on  protocols  

 MiTgaTon:  Op/mize  food  processing  techniques    tp  reduce    e.g.  pes/cides  

   Pes/cide  metabolites  formed  during  food  processing      Phytoremidia/on  to  reduce  heavy  metals    availability  to  plants      Development  of  new  pes/cides  (new  ac/on  modes)  

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3nd  FOODSEG  Symposium  24  .04  -­‐  25.04.2014;  Novi  Sad,  Serbia  

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WG  7  –  Safety  of  fresh  produce  Main  recommended  research  topics    specific  for  fresh  produce  

Topic 1: Sampling/Sample preparation Topic 2: Method development for viruses (detection , how to

handle/grow/…..them. Topic 3: Methodological aspects regarding the detection of pathogens

Title:  Control  points/strategies  to  eliminate/reduce/control/prevent  bacteriological  contaminaTon  during  primary  producTon  of  fresh  produce.        3  Pillars:  Assessing  the  current  situa/on:  points  of  entry,  survival,…  Screening  tool.  Ques/onnaire:    Solu/on/tools:    

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WG  8  –  Safety  in  fresh  produce  Policy  recommenda/ons  

3nd  FOODSEG  Symposium  24  .04  -­‐  25.04.2014;  Novi  Sad,  Serbia  

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•  Increased  (environmental)  monitoring  at  the  member  state  level  

•  A  common  EU  withdrawal  policy  depending  on  the  type  and  extend  of  food  contamina/on  

•  A  common  EU  reduc/on  policy  for  industrial  waste  and  environmental  pollu/on  

•  Elimina/on  of  pes/cide  misuse  /GAP:  “Thema8c  strategy  on  the  sustainable  use  of  pes8cides”;  na/onal  ac/on  plans;  Direc/ve    2009/128/EC  (Sustainable  use  of  pes/cides)  

•  Re-­‐evalua/on  of    threats  and  maximum  acceptable  levels  

•  European  repor/ng  system  describing  the  background  contamina/on  of  food  of  plant  origin  

•  Re-­‐evalua/on  of  standard  methodologies  (MOBI)  

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for  your    a]enTon  

Thank  you    very  much