Residual Oil Saturation Dependence on Initial Water Saturation in
Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil...
-
Upload
william-gibson -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil...
![Page 1: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Wetlands in the perspective of global change
![Page 2: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities living in the soil and on its surface (Cowardin, December 1979).
Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas (Clean Water Act)
![Page 3: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of wetlandsMarshes (soft-stemmed vegetation)Swamps (mostly woody plants)Bogs (freshwater wetlands, acidic, peat
deposits, evergreen trees and shrubs, sphagnum)
Fens (freshwater wetlands, fed by mineral-reach waters, neutral or alkaline, peat deposits, grassy vegetation)
![Page 5: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
North Florida saltmarshes
Formed along the edges of estuaries
Buffer against brief storm surges (protection of the shore against degradation)
Nurseries for fish, crustaceans, mollusks
![Page 6: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Vasyugan swamp or bog (Western Siberia)
• The largest swamp in northern hemisphere (53,000 km²) formed 10,000 years ago, has been growing in size since then.
• Main source of freshwater in the region• Huge peat deposits (carbon sink)
![Page 7: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pantanal – tropical wetland
![Page 8: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Wetland functions
Water storage and groundwater replenishment
Shoreline stabilityFlood controlWater filtrationBiological productivityCarbon storage (carbon sink)Methane production
![Page 9: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Water storage and groundwater replenishment
Water is collected, stored and slowly released to aquifers or surface water
![Page 10: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Shoreline stabilizationRoots anchor in sediment, preventing erosionVegetation diminishes the wave action
![Page 12: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Flood control
![Page 13: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Water filtration
Nutrient uptake (including excess from fertilizers etc.) and storage by plants
Sediment trapsBiofiltration and removal of toxic substances
by plant roots and bacteria
![Page 17: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Biological productivityWetlands are among most productive
ecosystems in the world, comparable to tropical rainforests and coral reefs
Provide habitat to diverse species
![Page 18: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Carbon storage
![Page 19: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Methane production
![Page 20: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649db05503460f94a9eae8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Major global change agents influencing wetlands
Sea-level riseGlobal warmingDirect anthropogenic influence