Westward Ho!By: Alex C, Sarika S, & Manmeet G.

EXPLAIN SIGNIFICANT FACTORS THAT AFFECTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEORGIA AS PART OF THE GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN 1789 AND 1840 (GPS) (8SS_E2007-36)

The Cotton Gin● The Cotton Gin was invented by Eli Whitney. ● It removed cotton easily and quickly and clean cotton of its seeds. ● He invented it in 1793.● Because this made the production of cotton of cotton more profitable, more slaves

were needed to keep up with the high demand.● The Cotton Gin was a major reason why slave population increased.● After the Cotton Gin, the number of slaves in the U.S. rose from about 700,000 in

1790 to around 3.2 million in 1850 a mere 60 years later.

36c - defend how technological developments impacted Georgia’s growth to include the cotton gin and railroads

Railroads➢ At first, railroads was not a popular

mean of transportation○ There were only 13 miles of

railroad track that belonged to the Baltimore and Ohio railroad company in 1830

➢ 10 years later there were 3300 miles of railroad track

➢ The most popular railroad track in Georgia was the Western and Atlantic Railroad, created in 1836.

36c - defend how technological developments impacted Georgia’s growth to include the cotton gin and railroads

Railroads➢ The western and Atlantic railroad started at

Chattanooga, Tennessee and ran to a point around the southeastern bank of the Chattahoochee. This point was called Terminus.○ Terminus means the end of a railroad.

➢ The railroad shortened travel time for passengers and freight.

36c - defend how technological developments impacted Georgia’s growth to include the cotton gin and railroads

Alexander Mcgillivray ● Alexander Mcgillivray was a creek chief , he wanted the U.S. to

gain respect for the creek boundaries. ● But, in 1790 Mcgillivray agreed to give away all lands East of

the Oconee river. ● In exchange for agreeing to give up these lands, President

Washington agreed to officially recognize and defend the Creek nation.

36d - analyze the events that led to the removal of the Creeks and Cherokees including the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, the Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, AndrewJackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears

William McIntosh★ William McIntosh was a Creek Chief★ In 1825 Governor Troup persuaded McIntosh to

make a deal with the United States. Governor Troup was McIntosh’s first cousin

★ Without the consent of his tribe McIntosh signed the Treaty of Indian Springs.

36d - analyze the events that led to the removal of the Creeks and Cherokees including the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, the Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, AndrewJackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears

William McIntosh★ The Treaty of Indian Springs ceded all the

remaining Creek land in Georgia to the United States.

★ Because of this, the red sticks killed McIntosh due to the law of retaliation

★ retaliation basically means revenge.★ The red sticks shot, stabbed and scalped

McIntosh36d - analyze the events that led to the removal of the Creeks and Cherokees including the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, the Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, AndrewJackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears

Sequoyah ❏ His english name was George Gist.

❏ He was the son of a Virginia Scout and a Cherokee princess.

❏ Sequoyah means “Lonely lame one”. He got this name because he was crippled in a illness or hunting accident.

❏ His greatest accomplishment to the Cherokee nation was creating a syllabary in 1809, which is a group of symbols that stand for whole syllables.

Sequoyah❏ It took him 12 years to make the 85 symbols in the syllabary.

❏ Legend says that his wife burned it because she feared that the white government would not approve. Sequoyah took more than a year reconstructing the syllabary afterwards.

Worcester vs. Georgia

❏ Samuel Worcester and other white missionaries fought to protect cherokee rights

❏ He and the others refused to sign the oath pledging allegiance to the governor of the state and were put into jail in 1831.

❏ He and the others were set free but arrested again in July and this time, they were chained and forced to walk from the North Georgia Mt. to Lawrenceville.

❏ Worcester and other missionaries took the case to the U.S Supreme Court.

❏ John Marshall was a supreme court justice that was for the Cherokee and he tried to get the missionaries out of jail, but did not suceed do to President Andrew Jackson.

John Marshall● John Marshall was the chief justice in the

Worcester vs. Georgia case.● He

John Ross➔ John Ross was a half Cherokee half

white cherokee chief.➔ He made several trips to congress to

try and keep Cherokee land.● He wanted to protect the

Cherokee and have past treaties enforced

➔ Ross took a petition to congress with 15,000 signatures to protest Indian removal

● This was 90% of all the Cherokee

Andrew Jackson● Because of the Dahlonega gold rush, thousands of white settlers poured into cherokee lands.● This pressured the Cherokee to give up their lands.● And this caused president Andrew Jackson to sign the Indian Removal act of 1830.● This required all Indians east of the Mississppi river to move on reservations west of the

mississppi river.

Trail of Tears❏ After the treaty was signed, some national leaders like Henry Clay, Daniel Webster,

and Davy Crockett tried to win the rights of the Cherokee. Sadly, nobody listened. ❏ By May 1838, about 2,000 cherokee had left.❏ The reason they had to leave was because Gold had been found in Dahlonega.❏ General Winfield Scott was ordered to remove the remaining Cherokee. So in May,

1838, Scott and 7,000 troops built stockades to house the cherokee. Then they went over to the cherokee homes and forced them into those stockades.

❏ In 1838, the army loaded the Cherokee into crowded bats and sent them along the Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas rivers to their new homes.

❏ After that, the Cherokee began their 700-800 mile walk to Indian Territory. Little food, winter, wind, and snow led to the deaths of thousands of Cherokee.

❏ President Martin Van Buren, in his December 1838 address to congress, said, “the measures of the removal have had the happiest effect. But they can only imaginee the fear, despair, and hurt felt by those that had to leave their home.

The Dahlonega Gold Rush★ In 1829, Gold was discovered in Dahlonega

○ Benjamin Parks was given credit for the discovery of Gold

★ Auraria became the first mining center in the U.S.

★ Georgia Legislature passed a law claiming cherokee laws null and void and that Cherokees could not speak in court

★ In 1829 a law was passed that refused Cherokee any right to the gold found in their land.

★ Gold found in Dahlonega basically sealed the fate of the Cherokee. They would be removed from Georgia.