WESTPORT MARINE SURVEY

VOLUME 2A

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

.......... .......... .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CONSULTINO ENDlNEERS

2 ELMWOOD AVENUE BELFAST BT9 6BA McClure TELEPHONE 0232 687914 FACSIWLE 0232 668286 Morton

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APPENDIX 1

Field measurements analysis techniques and quality control PAGE

1) Field Survey 2

2) Recording meters 2

3) Fixed Station and Transects 2

4) Dye and Drogue Release 4

5) Water Quality 7

6) Laboratory Analysis 8

7) Sediment 10

8) Biota 11

9) Position fixing 12

10) Analytical Quality Control 13

Table 1 Dates of field work during Westport Survey August to November 1990

Table 2 Details of recording meters deployed during Westport survey August to

September 1990

Table 3.1 Details of fixed station current meters

Table 3.2 Details of fixed station meter deployment: Salinity, Temperature,

and depth

Table 3.3 Details of fixed station meter deployment: Dissolved Oxygen

Table 4.1 Details of Dye release

Table 4.2 Details of Drogue release

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Survey Date

Loading

Fixed 12.9.90 Station (Meters)

Fixed Station (Meters)

Fixed 17.8.90 Station (W.Q.)

22.8.90

Recording 9.8.90 Meters ~ e p l o y mer

Fixed Station (W.Q.)

23.8.90

Owenwee 27.8.90

Cleavlagh W.Q.)

26.8.90

Shellfish 3.9.90 sampling

Benthic 25.8.901 26.8.90

Shellfish 11.9.90 sampling (divin

Shellfish sampling

discrete releas

4.9.90

General weather conditions

-

' . Continuous Release

Fair: wind moderate westerly

4.11.90

6.11.90

Good: Wind light W-NW

Poor: Rain at times Wind fresh westerly

Good: Wind light variable

Poor: Occasional heavy rain, wind fresh westerley

Good: wind light variable

Poor: showers wind moderate westerly

Good: wind light variable

Good: wind light variable

Fair: occasional rain wind moderate westerly

Good: wind lighthone westerl:

Fair: wind light/ moderate SW-South

Fair: wind moderatelfresh SSM

Fair: occasional rain wind moderate westerly

Fair: wind moderate NW

Good: wind light westerly

Good: wind lighfnone variable

Good: wind light westerly

Good: wind light/none westerl:

Good: wind light east

Good: wind lighthone NW

Good: wind light easterly

Tide Tidal height (m)

-

spring

neap

neap

spring

spring

neap

neap

neap

neap

spring

spring

spring

spring

neap

neap

neap

spring

spring

Table 1: Dates of Field workDuring Westport Survey August to November 1990

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METER LOCATION

AANDERRA RCM-4

DEPLOYMENT FROM TO

284384.664N 95346.666E

AANDERRA RCM-4

PARAMETER MEASURED

274742.36N 93852.06E

PRESSURE

PRESSURE

CURRENT SPEED

CURRENT DIRECTION

CURRENT SPEED

CURRENT DIRECTION

ACCURACY INTEGRATION PERIOD

5 minutes

5 minutes

MAINTENANCE CHECKS

on recovery 13.9.90

COMMENTS

Heavy swell on deployment

Frame mooring. V e q shallow depth Large amount of nolsam and seaweed

U-shaped mooring shallow depth. Large amounl of floum and seaweed.

TABLE 2: DETAILS OF RECORDLNG METERS DEPLOYED DURING WESTPORT SURVEY AUGUST TO SEPTEMBER 1990

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APPENDIX 1 Field measurements, analysis techniques, and Quality Control.

1. Field Survey

MarEnCo was onsite throughout the main survey period of 16.08.90 to 13.09.90 and then for a further period of 4 days from 03.1 1.90 to 07.1 1.90. During the main survey period, a total of 3 days were lost due to deteriorating weather conditions. The fixed station survey scheduled for the 16.08.90 was subsequently carried out on the 12.09.90, and the two dye releases scheduled forthe 05.09.90 and 06.09.9 were rescheduled to 13.09.90 and 04.1 1.90 respectively. A continuous dye release was carried out on 06.1 1.90 after modelling runs had located a likely potential discharge point.

A diary of survey activities is presented in Table 1.

2. Recording meters:

Recording meters were deployed at 4 sites as specified in Table 2 attached.

3. Fixed Stations and Transects.

Salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, current speed and direction at depth were measured at half hourly intervals over a tidal cycle. During these surveys wind speeds and direction were measured by hand held anenometers at each site.

Tidal currents: all current meters were calibrated prior to deployment and the appropriate rating equations were used for calculation of current speeds.

Table 3.1

Station Current meter Accuracy

1 Valeport BFM008 0.3 m/sec 2.8 degrees 2 Valeport 008MKII 0.3 m/sec 2.8 degrees 3 Valeport BFM008 0.3 m/sec 2.8 degrees

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Temperature and Salinity: All meters were calibrated using a standard seawater prior to deployment.

Table 3.2

Station Meter Accuracy Temp "C Salinity ppt

1 EIL MC5 +/- 0.2 +/- 0.1 2 PARTECH TCS8 1 +/- 0.1 +/- 0.1 3 PARTECH TCS81 +/- 0.1 +/- 0.1 Transects PARTECH TCS81 +/- 0.1 +/- 0.1

Dissolved Oxygen: In situ Calibration was carried out as recommended by YSI for each meter on each survey day.

Table 3.3

Station Meter Accuracy mg/l 1 YSI Model 57 +/- 1% of full scale a t calibration temp. 2 YSI Model 57 *... 3 YSI Model 57 '... Transects YSI Model 57 4,s.

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4. DYE AND DROGUE RELEASE

All details of each dye or drogue release are presented in Table 4.1 and 4.2

respectively.

Table: 4.1

Location

Sitel(B)

Site3(D/E)

Site2 (C)

Site 1(B)

Site3(D/E)

Site 2 (C)

Site 3(D/E)

Site 2(C)

Site 2(C)

Site 3(D/E]

Site 2(C)

Date

12.5 1 made up to 50 litres

Time

6 1 made up to 20 litres

Quantity Dye Used

6.5 1 made up to 23 litres

3.5 1 made up up to 12 litres

4.5 1 made up to 20 litres

4.5 1 made up to 18 litres

3 1 made up to 12 litres

4 1 made up to 16 litres

3.5 1 made up 16 litres

4 1 made up to 12 litres

1 15lmadeup to 28 litres

Period of Tracking IHRS)

7

6

6.5

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

Type of release

Dis HW

Dis HW

Dis LW

Dis HW

Dis HW

Dis HW

Dis LW

Dis HW

Dis LW

Dis LW

Cont IFU

Tide

* GMT all other times BST ( ) = Potential discharge point

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Absorption of rhodamine B onto suspended solids was assessed as recommended by Talbot and Henry 1986. The suspended load in waters in Westport Bay are generally less than 40 mgll and usually below 20 mgll in the surface waters.

Before each dye release, background fluorescence was assessed over the survey area and the appropriate corrections made. No increase in background concentrations was seen during the survey.

Calculation of diffusion coefficents: The coefficients were calculated by Dr. A. E. Elliott of the Unit for Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd, North Wales.

Discrete releases: The measured concentrations were used to generate contour plots that showed the position and size of the patch as a function of time. The effects of tidal advection were taken into account so that the observed spreading was due to the effects of diffusion alone. For each set of observations the length and width of the patch were tabulated as functions of time elapsed since the release of the dye.

The length scales were converted to standard deviations by assuming that (patch dimension) = 4 x (standard deviation of the concentration distributions) and the standard deviations were then plotted against diffusion time on log-log axes.

For a Fickian diffusion model: r L 2Kt where K is the diffusivity, hence

log (u) = 112.log (t) + 112.log (2K)

Thus, by drawing a line with a slope 112 through the data points, the intercept and hence the Fickian value of K can be estimated by least squares. The calculations were made for both the along-patch and cross-patch directions, giving estimates of K, and q, respectively. By calculating the geometric mean of the along- and cross-patch length scales, and using the above analysis the effective radial spreading diffusivity, K, was also estimated.

Continuous Release:

Dye transects across the plume were used to draw profiles of the concentrations through the plume at a range of distances from the release point. Current meter readings were then used to convert the range from the release point to a diffusion time, and the standard deviations of the concentration profile across the plume were plotted

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against diffusion time on log-log axes. A Fickian diffusivity was estimated, as above, by fitting a line of slope 112 through the data points by least squares. In contrast to the discrete releases, only one estimate of the diffusivity, K, can be derived in this way from the continuous release.

DROGUES:

Drogues were tracked until they either became grounded or were stationary due to the collection of weed around the vane. During the period of tracking, the drogues were following a similar movement to the dye patch

Table: 4.2 Drogue Releases

cation Date Time Period of Tracking Tide (hours: rnins)

ite 1 03) ite 1 03) ite 2 (C) ite 2 (C) ite 2 (C) ite 2 (C) ite 3 (D/E) i te 3 @/El t neap

spring neap neap spring spring neap spring

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5. WATER QUALITY:

Data was collected at depth over a complete tidal cycle during both spring and neap tides. Surface water samples were also collected during the hydrographic transect surveys of Cleavlagh Strand and the Owenwee Estuary. Measured parameters included BOD, COD, pH, total and faecal coliforms NO,-N, NO,-N, NH,-N, total phosphate, orthophosphate and suspended solids. Turbidity was assessed during the fixed station surveys by deployment of secchi discs.

Loading: Data was collected over a period of 7 days prior to the first fixed station survey. Samples were collected daily from the two sewage pipes and the Owenwee and Westport Rivers in order to estimate changes in the daily flow. A more detailed sampling programme was conducted on the seventh day when 4 samples were taken during a 24 hour period for each of the loading sites.

Sample collection from the sewage outfalls was timed to allow for the tidal intrusion into the outfalls to ebb away.

Sampling techniques: Unless other wise stated water quality samples were taken directly into 2.5 litre Winchester bottles and transferred to the laboratory for further sample division and pretreatment.

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6. LABORATORY ANALYSIS:

6.1 BOD: Samples were analysed for BOD following the method recommended by Methods for Examination of Waters and Associated Materials HMS0.1988.

6.2 COD: Samples were analysed for COD as recommended by HACH modified from Jarka and Carter 1975.

6.3 pH: Samples were analysed for pH using a H I 8147 microprocessor bench pH meter calibrated to pH 4.01 and pH7.01 Standard Buffer solutions.

6.4 Total and Faecal coliforms: Samples were collected directly into sterile containers and kept in the dark at 4"c until analysed by Mayo County Council Regional Water Laboratory at Castlebar. Water samples were enumerated for total and faecal coliforms using the millipore recommended filter technique. With MF Endomedia and incubation at 35°C for 24 hours for total coliforms and KM-FC media at 44.5"C for 24 hours for faecal coliforms. Appropriate dilutions were used for individual samples.

6.5 Nitrite: Nitrate: Nitrate is first reduced to nitrite which reacts with sulphanilamide to form a diazonium salt. This couples with napthylethylene diamine forming an azo dye which is measured colorimetrically. The reduction to nitrite is achieved by reaction with a Cd-Cu coupler. By-passing the Cd-Cu coupler will give nitrite present initially and the difference between total oxidisable nitrogen and the initial nitrite gives the nitrate values.

6.6 NH,-N Fresh water: - ammonia is reacted with salicylate and dichloroisocyanurate

(DIC) in alkaline solution. The DIC decomposes releasing hypochlorate ions which react with the salicylate to give a substituted indophenol which~is measured colorimetrically.

Saline Water: Ammoniacal nitrogen was determined by a modified Bertholet reaction. Ammonia is reacted at a suitable pH with hypochlorite to form a monochloramine. In the subsequent reaction with phenol, first aminophenol and then indophenol blue is formed. Citrate buffer is used to maintain the converted pH and to prevent interference by magnesium ions.

6.7 P0,P: Orthophosphate reacts with molybdate in an acid solution to form a phosphomolybdic acid which is then reduced to molybdenum blue complex. The reaction is determined colorimetrically.

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6.8 Total phosphate: samples were analysed using a modified method of Murphy and Riley 1967 with a potassium persulphate digestion. The resultant solution is analysed by spectrophotometer at 883 nm.

6.9 Suspended Solids: A known sample volume was filtered through a weighed muffled GFC filter. Particulate matter was heated at 100°C for individual 24 hour periods.

6.10 Metals: A concentration effect of 20 is achieved by first complexing the metals with chelating mixture of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) and ammonium diethyl dithiocarbamate (ADDC) before the resulting complex was extracted into Freon. The complex is then broken down and the metal returned to aqueous solution using a dilute HNO, extraction. The resulting solution is then analysed by atomic absorption using the heated graphic furnace technique.Samples were analysed for Hg, Cr, Pb and Cd.

6.11 Cyanide: Total cyanide was analysed as recommended in the Analysis of Raw, Potable and Wastewaters HMSO 1972 using distillation techniques. The resultant was distillate neutralized and analysed by the Cyanogen Chloride methods as recommended in the APHA Standard Methods 1988.

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7. SEDIMENT

A standard Day Grab was used to sample an area of sediment of 0.125 m2. Sampling was duplicated at each site with the first grab providing the quantitative benthic fauna material and the second providing sediment for redox potential, trace metals, particle size analysis, total organic carbon, nutrients and sludge assessment.

7.1 Sample Treatment:

7.1.1 Fauna: Benthic fauna samples were sieved through a 0.5 mm sieve. Material retained on the sieve was washed into glass storage jars and preserved in 8% buffered saline formalin solution for later sorting and identification in the laboratory.

7.1.2 Redox Potential: Eh measurement was made immediately on recovery of the Day Grab by insertion of a Whatman ORP &censor at 2 cm intervals from the surface to -1 0 cm.

7.1.3 Particle Size Analysis: A depth integrated sample for particle size analysis and total organic carbon was collected at each site and placed in a 500 ml polythene container. These were stored at 4O C for later analysis in the laboratory.

7.1.4 Trace Metals: Depth integrated sample for metal analysis were collected using disposable plastic spatulas, taking care not to sample sediments in direct contact with the metal sides of the Day Grab. The samples were stored in polythene containers at <-20°C for later analysis in the laboratory.

7.1.5 Nutrients: A 500ml samples of sediment and interstitial water was transferred to a polybag at each site and stored at <-20°C for later analysis in the laboratory.

7.1.6 Sludge: Depth of sludge was measured by coring into the sediment sample and measuring the depth to which the sludge penetrated. The general description of each sediment sample was also recorded.

7.2 Laboratory Methods:

7.2.1 Fauna: Samples were stained with Rose Bengal and transferred to a white shallow sorting tray. All animal material was removed from the sediment debris and transferred to another tray for subsequent identification and counting. Animals were identified to species level where possible. Damaged individuals were identified to genus based on the presence of other individuals within the same sample. On

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completion the sample was blotted dry as a collective mass and weighed to give total Biomass figure.

7.2.2 Particle Size Analysis: Sediments in the range 1 .OO mm to 65 pm were analysed using standard sieve analysis. Samples were pretreated with Calgon to breakdown the finer particles. A dried pre-weighed sample of sediment was puddled in a 63 pm sieve. The remaining sediment sample was then redried and shaken through a standard sieve set. The fraction greater than 63pm was calculated by subtracting the total weight of sediment in the sieves from the original pre-puddled dry weight.

7.2.3 Total Organic Carbon: Organic Carbon was determined using chromic acid digestion followed by titration with ammonium ferrous sulphate. The result was read off a standardised graph produced by titrating against standard glucose concentrations.

7.2.4 Metals: After wet sieving, the fraction smaller than 63pm of the samples were subjected to a nitric acid digestion as recommended by MAFF 1989. The resultant solutions were then analysed for trace metals using a Perkin Elmer Plasma 40 Spectrophotometer. Initially 12 samples were analysed for Pb, Hg, Cd, and Cr. The remaining sediments were then analysed for Cr, Cd and Pb.

Cyanide: Sediments were analysed for total cyanide using methods as recommended by (Klein, L. 1959).

8. BIOTA: A sample of shellfish consisting of either 12 mussels or 3 oysters was collected at low tide in polybags. The shellfish were then delivered to Professor J. Flynn, Regional Hospital Galway, Department of Bacteriology for analysis for total and faecal coliforms.(pers comm.)

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9. POSITION FIXING

Position fixing for recording current meters, fixed stations, water quality transects in Cleavlagh Strand, benthic sediment sampling and dye and drogue experiments was carried out by the use of a Geotronics Geodimeter 412 Electronic Tacheometer in conjunction with a RM Nimbus PC286 for all processing and plot preparation.

Base maps were prepared by use of latitude and longitude on Transverse Mercator, Cassion County Projection and the lrish Grid. Latitude and longtitude reference positions were connected to lrish Grid Co-ordinates and the reference position corrected.

Position fixing was accurate to the order of 1-2 metres.

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10. Analytical Quality control

MarEnCo actively participates in intercalibration exercises as oraanised bv MAFF, Burnham on Crouch and Aquacheck (Water ~esearch centre, ~edmenham) . METALS :

ANALYSIS OF TEST SEDIMENT

METAL

Copper

Zinc

Lead

Nickel

Chromium

Cadmium

An3 S t a t An

18.94 17.8 +/- 1.13

122.3 115 +/- 7.88

22.8 22.8 +/-1.45

52.9 52.3 +/- 0.53

123.0 125.5 +/- 2.66

0.19 0 .21 +/- 0.02

C o r r e c t Value:

18.5 +/- 2.7

119 +/- 12.

22.7 +/- 3.4

55.3 +/- 3.6

123.0 +/- 14

0.25 +//- 0.4

NUTRIENTS

Accuracy of Analysis and Interlaboratory Quality control

Parameter

Suspended Solids

BOD1

NH4-N

N03-N

N02-N

P04-P

Chlorophyll a

Total Coliforms

Accuracy mg/l

Sample Error ug/l

1 cts/lO mls

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REFERENCES

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Billen, G, (1978) A budget of nitrogen recycling in North Sea sediments off the Belgium Coast. Estuarine and Coastal Mar. Science 7, 127-1 46.

Bray, J.T., Bricker, O.P., and Troup, B.N., (1973) Phosphate in interstitial wastes of anoxic sediment. Science 180, 1362-1364.

Carrit, D.E. and Carpenter, J.H. (1 966) Comparison and evaluation of currently employed modifications of the Winkler method for determining dissolved oxygen in sea water. NASCO Report J.Mar. Res. 24: 286;318.

Chapman, P.M., Dexter, R.N, Long, E.R. (1987) Synoptic measurement of sediment contamination, toxicity and infaunal community composition (the sediment quality erail) in San Franciso Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ses. 37 75-96.

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EEC Council Directive of 18th July 1978 on quality of frewhwaters needing protection or improvement to support fish life (781659).

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Talbot, J.W. and Henry, J.L. (1986) Adsorption of Rhodamine B onto materials carried in suspension by inshore waters. J Cons. Pem. Int. Explos. Mer. 32:7-16.

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7OPP.

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