WESTPAC Training Workshop on “Distribution, Source, Fate ...27.254.44.224/~file/marine...
Transcript of WESTPAC Training Workshop on “Distribution, Source, Fate ...27.254.44.224/~file/marine...
WESTPAC Training Workshop on “Distribution, Source, Fate and Impacts of Marine Microplastics
in Asia and the Pacific”
20–22 September 2017 Phuket, Thailand
Agung Dhamar Syakti1, Corry Manullang2, Agus Sudaryanto3
1).Raja Ali Haji Maritime University (UMRAH)2).Indonesian Institut of Science (LIPI)
3).Agency for the Assesment and Application Technology (BPPT)
MP Current situation and related concerns in Indonesia
5.4 million tons of plastic (0.5-1.3 million tons ) (Jambeck et al., 2015)165.000 tons of plastic waste (Van Cauwenberghe et al., 2015) River to the sea Oceanic Gyres Co-pollutants (PAHs and PCBs) Few scientifc data on marine plastic pollution especially microplastic
Country priorities for MP research, monitoring and management
We focus on five main aspects :
Beach macro-litter monitoring Microplastic monitoring in the environmental matrices Co-pollutions occurrence evidence (PAHs, PCBs, heavy metals) Ingested plastic on fish Community Empowerment program in re-use of plastic litter
Strategies: Encouraging a citizen science program in Indonesia. Collaboration for the cruise RV and portable FTIR Collaboration for analytical instruments FTIR Assisted villages
Coordination Ministry for Maritime Affairs – Republic of Indonesia
National Agency priorities for Marine Plastic Debris
National Plan of Action for CombatingMarine Plastic Debris consists five pillars :• Improving behavior change• Reducing land-based leakage• Reducing sea-based leakage• Reducing plastic production and use• Enhancing funding mechanisms,
policy reforms and law enforcement
Programs Action Plan at five level:• Distric Provincial Level• National Level• International Level• Industrial Sector • Research and Development
GOALS : REDUCED OF 70% MARINE PLASTIC DEBRIS BY 2025
Campaign: River - Ocean Clean Up & Outreach at Jakarta Province
(Coordinated by Coordinator Ministry for Maritime Affairs, 2017)
OCEAN CLEAN UP IN THE 1000 ISLANDS
EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS • 19 Elementery Schools• 2 Senior High Schools• 1 University• 2200 Students
River – Beach Clean Up
Gaps and capacities needed for MP research, monitoring and management to be address via
WESTPAC
Gaps:• The lack of standardized protocols for debris detection, sampling
and extraction of MP.• The lack of infrastrusture for detection MP (Analytical Instrument,
QA/QC)• The lack of data base about MP in Indonesia
Capacities Needed:• Join research • Training of standardized protocols for debris detection, sampling
and extraction of MP
PROPOSALMP research, monitoring and management
• We proposed to IOC WESTPAC to consider Riau Archipelago province (borderline with 4 countries) as a locus for regional IOC WESTPAC – MP programme.
• Asia Pacific Marine Debris Research Networking• Asia Pasific Marine Pollution Research (APMPR)
Consortium
1° 1°
4° 4°
105°
105°
108°
108°
M A L A Y S I A
SELAT MALAKA
PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT
PROVINSI RIAU
SELAT KARIMATA
LAUT CINA SELATAN
SINGAPURA
KAB. NATUNA
KAB. ANAMBAS
KAB. BINTAN
KAB. LINGGA
KOTA TANJUNGPINANG
KOTA BATAM
KAB. MORO
U
40 0 40 80 KMSkala 1:2000000
PETA ADMINISTRASI PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU
2.408 islands 251.811 km2 and 8.950 km2
Map source : http://cheatssoul.blogspot.co.id
95 public state universities 3000 privates universities 7 Research Agencies
Participant/institute/country roles in the join regional MP programmeMinistry of Marine and Fisheries
Coordinator Ministry for Maritime AffairsAgency for the Assesment and Application of Technology
Bogor Agricultural UniversityJenderal Soedirman University
Hasanuddin University Padjajaran University
Raja Ali Haji Maritime University
Research Sites 2016
Mikroplastic Focus
Water
Sediment
Biota
Open Sea
Straits
Marine Protected Area
Beach
Estuary
Rupat Strait Bali Strait
Banda Sea Sulawesi Sea & Maluku sea
Perancak estuary - Bali
TN. BunakenTN. Takabonerate
Research Sites 2017
Open Waters
Straits
Marine Protected Area
Estuary
Bali Strait
TN. Bali Barat-Bali
Perancak Estuary - Bali
Institut for Marine Research and ObservationMinistry of Marine and Fisheries
LIPI Microplastics Sampling Program 2015-2017
(Cordoba et al)
• Initiation of survey for MP in nationwide of Indonesia waters 2015-2017• Cordoba et al group from Center for Oceanography at LIPI• Data is not coming out
(Cordoba and Wahyudi, 2016)
• Southwestern Sumatra• 66.8 to 2182 m depth • May 7-18, 2015• Box Corer• 10 station
Sample observation andAnalysis: • Nikon Eclipse E600
microscope
Size of MPForms of MP and DepthMicroplastics were found
on the southwestern Sumatera deep-sea
sediments
Microplastic in the Deep-sea Sediment of Southwestern Sumatera Waters
LIPI Campaign on Combatting Marine Plastic Debris to Primary Students
Beach clean up regulary with community “Trash Hero Ambon 2020”
Marine Plastic Program at Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)
Following Indonesia’s Action Plan of Marine Plastic Debris coordinated by Ministryfor Marine Affairs, BPPT will propose program on Innovation and Service forReduction of Marine Plastic which will conducted at several research centers:1. Plastic Waste Management (Center of Technology for Environment)2. Developing Biodegradable Plastic (Center for Agro industrial Technology)3. Developing Material composite based plastic waste (Laboratory for Technology
Polymer)4. Developing vessel for marine plastic clean up (Laboratory for Hydrodynamic
Technology)5. Promoting research on distribution of marine plastic in Indonesian waters
(Laboratory for Marine Survey Technology)
Anthropogenic debris in seafood: Plastic debris and fibers from textiles in fish and bivalves sold for human consumption
• Observing the presence of anthropogenic debris in fishes and shellfish from markets in Makassar (Indonesia) and from California (USA).
• In Indonesia, 28% of individual fish (n= 76) contain anthropogenic debris which all are plastic debris (0.1 –1.6 mm).
• In the USA, 25% of individual fish (n= 64) and 33% of individual shellfish (n= 12) contain anthropogenic debris, primarily fibers.
• Variations in debris types likely reflect different sources and waste management strategies between countries.
Anthropogenic debris in fish market from Indonesia
(Rochman et al., 2015. Scientific Report. www.nature.com/scientificreports)Joint Study University Hasanuddin Makassar and University California Davis, 2015
Padjajaran University: Marine Plastic Debris Study
Sites:• Seribu Islands• South Java• Banten• North Java
Polymer identification: FTIR
Manta Net Sampling
Classified + Counted
Collor grouping : Visual perception Weight : DISCOVERY DV215CD (± 0, 001 mg), L , W, S : Binocular microscope equipped by
DCM 310 (4SB 2.0), 3M pixels, CMOS Chip IR (Thermo Electron Corporation) equipped by
diamond cristal Smart Orbit tm
(ATR)
MantaNet dimension : 75 cm x 20 cm Mesh size : < 5,000 µm. Trajectory path : ca. 1800 m Estimated volume : ca. 270 m3.
MP Joint Research Study at Cilacap Waters, Central Java
10mL
Samples
Automatic stirring 24h (200 rpm)
Solid –Liquid extractionC7H16/CH2Cl2 (1:1; v:v)
Evaporation under gentle nitrogen stream (at 30°C)
Dissolved in 50 µL of C6H14 containing IS (Mirex)UPLC200µl ACN
15.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00
GC-MS 250µl C6H14
Polymer Extraction (PE and PP)
+ 50 µL dimethylformamides
Naphtalene
2 Cycles
PhenanthreneAcenaphtylene Fluorene AnthraceneAcenapthene
3 Cycles
4 Cycles
Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo [a] anthracene Chrysene
5 Cycles
Benzo [a] pyrene Benzo [b] Fluoranthene Benzo [k] fluoranhene Dibenzo [a,h] anthracene
Indéno [1,2,3-c,d] pyrene Benzo [g,h] perylene
6 Cycles
PAHs (ng. g-1 of floating microplastic)
16 PAHs -USEPABenzo[a]pyrenne : Group 1-IARC
1 nm – 5 mm 300 µm-5 mm
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
MT1 MT2 MT3 MT4 MT5
HAP légers HAP lourds
NAG (Bouhroum et al., 2017)ΣPAHs = 11.2-255 ng g-1
CAI = 17 times higher !!!
ΣPAHs = 153.5-2,002.8 ng.g-1
LMW PAHs > HMW PAHs
PCBs
Mixtures of up to 209 individual chlorinated compounds (known as congeners).PCB’s are a fat-soluble, water-insoluble low volatility but may be adsorbed on particles7 PCBs-ICES
Stations MT-1 MT-2 MT-3 MT-4 MT-5 MeanCB28 - 9 0.9 - 82.9 18.6CB52 - 3,019 - - - 603.8CB101 15,458 130.8 508 2,590 1.723 4082CB118 - - - - - -CB153 14.7 - 33 - 28.5 15.2CB138 - 14.4 - - - 2.9CB180 - - 12.3 3.1 15.2 7.7∑PCBa 15,472.7 3,211.8 541.9 2,590 1,834.4 4730.2
Concentration of PCBs in ng .g-1 (floating microplastic).a Sum of the 7 PCB recommended by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) .
PCBs concentration in Cilacap Coast, Central Java
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
MT-1 MT-2 MT-3 MT-4 MT-5
7 CL
6 CL
5 CL
4 CL
3 CL
NAG (Bouhroum et al., 2017)ΣPCBs = 0.6-50 ng g-1
CAI = 300 times higher !!!
0
Acknowledgement
• Dr. Somkiat Khokiattiwong• Mr. Wenxi Zhu• Organizing Committe of WESPAC Training Workshop• IOC/WESPAC
KhxbkhunThank You