Western Power Safe Work Method Statement · PDF fileWestern Power Safe Work Method Statement...

Western Power Safe Work Method Statement

Task details

Description Internal Inspection of Power Transformers DM 10696108 Approved by Work Practices Manager Review team SWMS Development Approval date May 2013 Qualifications/Licences required Valid Western Power Authorisations for the Task / Network Authority Card (correct level of authorisation) Permits required Confined Space Entry Permit and Electrical Access Permit (EAP) – if required

Which Safety LifeSavers are required for this task?

Potential hazards associated with the task Category Hazard Category Hazard Category Hazard

1. Working at heights

Ladders Lifting equipment, scissors / EWP Scaffolding Stairs / platforms Working at height Working above others Multiple work requiring EWPs

5. Pressure

Competitive pressures Compressed gases / air Fluid High pressure steam Hydraulic Water

2. Working with Electricity

Static electricity / induction Substations / switch rooms Underground cables Contact with electrical equipment Electrical cables High voltage equipment Overhead cables Non compliant earths, e.g. tagged / tested

6. Human factors

Rushing Complacency Fatigue Unclear work direction Stress / anxiety / frustration Lack of knowledge Poor communications Negative attitudes

3. Radiation

Infra-red Microwaves Ultraviolet light, i.e. sun X-ray Laser

7. Using mobile plant

Traffic / pedestrian interaction / collision Uneven terrain Unlicensed / untrained operators Vehicle instability Vehicle access

10. Workplace

Asbestos Confined space / void space Falling objects General access Housekeeping Illumination / lighting Noise, i.e. exposure / nuisance Poor ventilation Protrusions Restricted visibility Restricted work area Slip and trip hazards Unauthorised personnel Unlabelled controls Vibration Wet / slippery Wind / storm activity Fog / mist / smoke Working in isolation Dust / particulates

8. Manual handling (ergonomic)

Awkward / unbalanced load High / low reach High force / heavy loads Lighting Over exertion / fatigue Poor design / layout / surface Repetitive movements

11. Chemical

Chemicals / reagents Fumes / vapour / mist, e.g. SF6 Flammable gases Handling flammable materials Hazardous chemical exposure Solid chemical Splashes / burns Spills to ground or work area

4. Mechanical

Abrasive blasting / grinding Auto-start equipment Conveyors Equipment failure Hand and power tool Impact and crushing areas Pinch / cutting points Residual / stored energy Uncontrolled movement Unguarded moving parts Welding or cutting Crimping / connecting

9. Environment

Air contamination Soil contamination Storm water contamination Waste, e.g. effluent / hazardous Solid waste

12. Thermal

Cold – ambient temperature Heat – ambient temperature Hot materials / fluids Hot surfaces UV exposure

Western Power Safe Work Method Statement – Internal Inspection of Power Transformers page 1 of 26

Job Steps required to perform the job, in the correct

sequence

Hazards for each job step

Initial Risk

Rating

Controls required to eliminate or minimise the risk of injury

Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Plan and prepare

Pre-plan Site visit to confirm access and site conditions prior to work Perform pre task discussions with stakeholders. Discussing in detail: • Worker compliance • Circuit outage requirements • Roles and responsibilities • Outsourced elements of the work • Oil containment • Bunding requirements • Craneage • Component storage • Site security

• Driving to site: injury, breakdown • Driver fatigue: accident, injury • Substation entry requirements – security: non

approved access, injury • Substation clearances – contact with live

apparatus: shock, burns, injury • Untrained, unauthorised personnel performing

tasks on site: shock, burns, injury • Tight time constraints on outage – rushing:

injury • Confusion between parties, no defined work

scope: shock, burns, injury • Oil leakage to the environment: environmental

issues, harm • Craneage not suitable for the task: injury,

damage • Transformer critical components such as

bushings damaged from incorrect storage or site security – damaged apparatus: injury

H

• Conduct pre-start checks to all vehicles, plant and

equipment • Adhere to state traffic laws and drive according to

conditions. • Comply with fatigue rules • Comply with substation entry and log in requirements • Maintain safe working clearances from live apparatus

during the inspection • Confirm staff are fit for work • Comply with fatigue, drug and alcohol policies • Ensure required training compliances are current for all

parties involved in the work • Confirm staff licence and authority requirements for:

substation entry, working at heights, RIC,TIC, confined space entry, confined space testing and permit issue, EWP, dogging, crane operation, licence to perform high risk work

• Negotiate required outage needs and contingencies

with SOCC • Work parties to discuss and agree upon scope and

extent of inspection activity – formalise if required. Outsourced activities require contract and detailed scope in place

• Arrange suitable/clean/dry oil storage and bunding

requirements – this includes site positioning • Discuss and arrange suitable craneage for the job, to

remove access hatches, bushings and turrets, to position oil tanks and equipment

• Arrange appropriate and safe site storage for

equipment and components

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Electrical System Safety Rules (ESSR) – sections: 3.2, 3.9, 3.10, 5.1, 5.7, 6, 7.1, 7.2 Transmission Substation Work Practice Manual (TSWPM) – sections: 2.5, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 5.9, 5.18 Safety Life Savers Journey Management Standard Fitness For Work Standard Australian Standard: AS 2865-2009 – Confined Spaces Transformer manufacturer operation and maintenance manuals



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating

Controls Controlled References required to eliminate or minimise the risk of injury Risk

Rating • Contingencies for emergency

return to service • Communication between parties • Specialist test equipment, PPE

and PPC Assess the confined space for the work that is planned

• Transformer is needed back in service urgently

for network safety – hurrying to complete task: shock, burns, injury

• Miscommunication between parties resulting in

unexpected actions – failure to understand or coordinate actions: shock, burns, injury, harm

• Inadequate or insufficient PPE, PPC and test

equipment for the task: shock, burns, injury, harm

• Access and egress points too small or

obstructed: strain, injury, harm • Risk of engulfment: asphyxiation, drown, harm • Harmful or explosive gases / dusts / fumes or

chemicals (PCB) present: asphyxiation, burns, harm

• Insufficient oxygen / asphyxiation: death, harm • Risk of crushing / being caught in moving

machinery: injury • Risk of electrocution: shock, burns, injury

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• Discuss emergency return to service contingencies and

time frames • Agree upon and trial communication methods to be

used during the work • Order or arrange the correct PPE, PPC and any

specialist test instruments required • Ensure correct PPE, PPC is available at workplace

• Confirm access and egress hole sizes comply with the

minimum allowable in AS 2865-2009 • 450 mm long by 400 mm wide (if rectangular), or not

less than 450 mm in diameter (if circular), or 450 mm by 400 mm if elliptical

• Confirm no obstructions exist to access / egress points • Plan what will be drained / blocked off or isolated to

remove any engulfment risk • Plan where compressors / dry air bottles will be

positioned and connected, and confirm they will have sufficient flow to purge the space effectively prior to testing and access and maintain flow during access

• Review oil test results post fault and PCB Clearance • Maintain oxygen levels between 19.5 – 23.5% • Normal is 20.9% • Assess what equipment to isolate to prevent movement

of any items during the internal work – this includes electrically and manually operated Tap Changing equipment

• Assess where to perform circuit isolations and earthing • Earthing to mitigate risk from static electricity /

induction as well

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sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Rating Assess the confined space for the work that is planned (continued)

• Trips / slips / falls internally: strain, sprain, injury • Heat / UV radiation: burns, harm, dehydration • Lack of rescue plan: injury, harm • Lack of skills/knowledge / training or certification

to safely do task: shock, burns, injury, harm • Poor safety planning: shock, burns, injury, harm

H

• Assess what additional equipment may be required for internal access / or to minimise slips and trips inside

• Assess how long to have the unit de-energised prior to

access to reduce core temperatures • Assess if tarpaulins etc are required to minimise UV

radiation • Review the standard rescue plan and make any site

specific modifications / additions • Confirm staff have the authorisation to enter and work

in a confined space • Confirm staff are trained in CPR and emergency life

support • Ensure compliance with AS 2865-2009 Confined

Spaces • All crew members participate in risk assessment and

agree on mitigation strategies and roles of personnel and individuals.

• Appoint site coordinator and post signage accordingly

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Internal Inspection of Power Transformers Rescue Plan for Confined Space (DM# 9943323)

Isolation and Permits • Communicate with SOCC / Issuing

Officer • Equipment isolated, locked and

tagged • Permits issued • Staff briefed on permit conditions • All staff signed onto permit • Accept work permit (EAP) if

applicable, or Hand Over Certificate if equipment deemed out of service

• Failure to obtain correct permits: injury, harm • Failure to observe permit conditions: injury,

harm • Contact with live apparatus: injury • Induced voltages: injury • Working in confined spaces: injury, harm

H

• Maintain contact with SOCC / Issuing Officer • Ensure all staff understand the permit conditions and

are aware of the boundaries of the working area • Ensure that all staff have signed on to the permit • Ensure staff are aware of the risk from induced

voltages and to use working earths as required • Confirm staff are aware of the risks from working in

confined spaces

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ESSR – sections: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 12.7 TSWPM – section: 5.14



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Rating

Work place setup Site establishment / setup Accept Work Permit (EAP) if applicable, or Hand Over Certificate if equipment deemed out of service.

• Poor site setup / unsafe positioning of vehicles and equipment: impact, crush, injury

• Travelling to site: fatigue, injury • Unroadworthy or incorrectly set up vehicle /

trailer combination: injury • Inadequately secured tools and equipment:

injury • Climbing / loading vehicles / trailer: injury • Overloading or incorrect load distribution: injury • Driving long distances: fatigue, injury • Weather and road conditions: injury • Vehicles, animals and pedestrians: injury • Accident / breakdown: injury, harm

• Site access requirements and authorisations

breached

• Multiple parties on site – site coordination

• Incorrect isolations

• Padlocking / tagging not performed

• Insufficient or incorrect earthing • Induced voltages

• Flagging / Ropes wrong position or inadequate

H

H

• Conduct site discussion, to confirm the position of equipment and vehicles, as per the prior planning, taking into account any new site hazards

• Ensure that drivers have a valid licence for the vehicle

they are driving • Complete pre-start checks on vehicles • Plan the trip to avoid long periods of driving without a

break • Where possible, share the driving • Adjust driving to suit weather conditions and terrain • Notify supervisor / office of daily work / location plan • Carry an emergency beacon or sat phone if travelling

out of mobile phone / radio range • Workers to log into the Substations Entry Logger • Confirm all workers substation entry level training is

correct and current, e.g. Level 2 substation access, network access authority card

• Site coordinator assigned – signage as such posted on

entry gates – Hi Vis Coordinator vest worn by assigned person – all parties report to them upon arrival and when leaving site

• Workers, particularly RIC to confirm primary circuit

isolations are correctly performed • RIC (or person in charge if no EAP) confirm padlocks

and tagging are in place • Workers confirm earthing is adequate and positioned

correctly to mitigate the added hazard of induced voltages

• Workers confirm flagging is well positioned and the

work area / equipment to be accessed is clearly defined

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ESSR, sections: 3.2, 3.3, 3.9, 3.10, 3.12, 4, 5.1, 5.7, 6, 7.3, 12.7 TSWPM sections: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.5, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, 5.9, 5.13, 5.14, 6.1, 6.7 Australian Standard: AS 2865-2009 – Confined Spaces Occupational Safety and Health WA Regulation division 8 – Work in confined spaces



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Rating Accept Work Permit (EAP) if applicable, or Hand Over Certificate if equipment deemed out of service (continued) Position vehicles and bulk equipment such as oil tanks, vacuum pumps, hoses, gas cylinders, compressors, oil processing equipment, crane trucks, cranes, EWPs

• Failure of work team to understand the conditions of the Work Permit and the work boundaries

• Failure of the work team members to sign onto

the permit • Secondary isolations not performed

• Failure to wear PPE: shock, burns, injury, harm • Noise: hearing damage • Unfit for work: shock, burns, injury • Contact with live electrical apparatus: shock,

burns, injury • Lack of skills or knowledge: shock, burns, injury

• Slip, trip, fall, obstacles: strain, sprain, injury • Open pits / man holes / access way: fall, injury

• Untrained / unauthorised use of vehicles and

plant: injury • Vehicle, equipment and material movement:

crush, impact, injury • Manual handling / use of tools: strain, sprain,

injury • Damaged or faulty plant, tools and equipment:

injury • Incorrect tool for the job: strain, injury • Poor vehicle / outrigger stability: injury • Ladders, stairs, ramps: strain, sprain, injury

H

• Switching Operator / RIC / Person in charge describes all the conditions of the permit to the workers

• Workers indicate they clearly understand the permit

conditions and sign onto the permit • RIC / Person in charge arranges installation of any

working earths required and notes these on the EAP • RIC / Person in charge confirms the secondary

isolations that have been performed, and initiates additional if required

• Wear personal PPE including harnesses • Wear hearing protection if required • Confirm staff are fit for work • Comply with fatigue, drug and alcohol policies

• Confirm staff have valid Network Access Card (NAC)

and permit accreditation • Ensure staff are trained / have appropriate

competencies including CPR and confined space entry • Maintain safe working clearances from live apparatus

• Maintain clear, uncluttered work space • Shore up any open pits • Ensure vehicle / plant users have correct and current

licences for the equipment • Appoint safety observers for vehicle movement • Lift using proper lifting techniques or mechanical aids • Ensure tools and equipment are suitable for the job • Conduct vehicle, plant, tools and equipment pre-start

checks • Secure all equipment, tools and material for transport • Assess ground for risk of subsidence, stability issues

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sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Rating Position vehicles and bulk Equipment such as oil tanks, vacuum pumps, hoses, gas cylinders, compressors, oil processing equipment, crane trucks, cranes, EWPs (continued) Position and erect scaffolding adjacent to entry / egress point on transformer Position and secure protective barriers and canopies

• Accessing the wrong apparatus or work space – induced voltages: shock, burns

• Oil spills / oil bunding requirements not adhered

to: injury, harm • Chemicals / liquids: burns, harm • Air borne contaminants: harm • Flammable substances (explosion, fire): burns,

injury • Fires: injury, burns, harm • Weather conditions: rain, sun, wind, lightning

• Traffic management problems – unauthorised

access: impact, injury • Communication problems: injury • Damage to associated plant due to swinging

loads: impact, injury • Use of cranes: crush, impact, injury

• Incorrectly assembled scaffolding: falls, injury

• Damaged / missing equipment: failure, injury

• Unstable footings: collapse, injury

• Large / unsafe gap between the work platform

and transformer access opening: falls, injury • Unsafe height difference between the work

platform and transformer access opening: strain, sprain, injury

• Strains, sprains and heavy lifting: strain, sprain, injury

H

• Ensure work is correctly and clearly identified. Comply with permit conditions, use working earths to reduce induced voltages

• Attach vehicle mobile and fixed earthing • Designate crossing points for bund walls • Comply with environmental requirements / bunding

requirements • Use approved methods to contain fumes and airborne

contaminants • Check with SOCC and Bureau of Meteorology (BOM)

for weather conditions • Use an accredited traffic management company (if

required) • Establish, test and maintain effective communications –

e.g. by phone, two-way radio, hand signals, etc. • Attach tag lines to slung loads • Position and use cranes as per the WP rules • Use accepted and compliant lifting equipment and

slings • Scaffold assembled according to manufacturer

guidelines and scaffold erection training and accreditation

• Inspect scaffolding for damaged / missing components

• Inspect ground for stable footings and level off the work

platform • Position scaffold such that there is minimal height

difference and gap between the work platform and transformer entry / egress point

• Use Body fit principles and correct lifting techniques

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Scaffold Training Scaffold erection / assembly instructions Working at heights training EWP Training Safety Life Savers Transformer manufacturer operations and maintenance manual



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Rating Position and secure protective barriers and canopies (continued) Position and test dry air cylinders, compressors, air dryers and air lines. Preliminary testing of transformer

• UV heating of the work area: burns, dehydration • Bright light effecting inspection by camera • UV radiation / burning of personnel outside the

transformer and specialist equipment: burns • Ingress of moisture, rain, wind, dust or fumes to

the transformer causing irreversible asset damage: harm, eye injury

• Eye strain: headache, fatigue • Working at heights: injury • Strains, sprains overexertion: soft tissue injury • Ladder use: falls, injury

• Loud noise: hearing harm • Trips and slips: sprain, injury • Leaking fittings: harm, environmental issues • Wet / moist air that will cause asset damage

• Strains, sprains, overexertion: soft tissue injury

• Electrocution & induced charges: shock, injury

• Working at heights: fall, injury • Poor communication – wrong actions: injury

• Trips / slippery surfaces: sprain, injury • Cuts and abrasions: infection, injury • Use of EWP: fall, contact with live apparatus • Adverse weather conditions: harm • Lost / missing connection hardware

H

• Position and securely tie back heavy tarpaulins over the scaffold frame and transformer side wall at the point of entry / egress.

• Install and securely tie back protective tarpaulins at all

other hatches that will be opened. • Erect temporary canopies / awnings and secure them

• Warm up prior to lifts. Use Body fit principles and

correct lifting techniques. Share the load and use mechanical lifting aids.

• Wear fall arrest / fall restraint harnesses. Tie off all ladders

• Position air compressors away from the immediate

work area • Position, secure and protect air lines and fittings –

away from high traffic areas for equipment and personnel

• Test dry air equipment to ensure a minimum of -40 deg C dewpoint

• Warm up prior to lifts. Use Body fit principles and correct lifting techniques. Share the load and use mechanical lifting aids

• Appoint safety observers • Remove earths immediately prior to testing and

reinstall as soon as tests are complete • Tie off all ladders and wear working at heights safety

harnesses • Establish and maintain good communications and

clearly warn all other workers before applying test voltages and again when all clear

• Be mindful of slippery surfaces • Wear gloves to protect against sharp objects • Do not use EWP in high winds – use safety observer • Do not work in adverse weather conditions • Use an inventory system that keeps track of stock /

parts

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sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Rating Transformer oil pump setup and oil draining Removal of transformer bushings, turrets, hatches, pipe work, valves and blanking plates

• Oil spills • Working at heights: fall, injury

• Trips / slippery surfaces: sprain, injury

• Use of EWP: fall, contact with live apparatus

• Electrocution due to static charges: shock,

burns • Asset damage due to static charges • Strains, sprains overexertion: soft tissue injury

• Moisture Ingress to transformer / asset damage

• Overpressure – PRD operation or tank damage

• Overpressure: injury, harm • Workers being struck by plates blown off by

internal pressure: injury • Moisture entering the transformer – asset

damage.

H

• Ensure oil tanks are bunded • Check all oil couplings are tight, secured and leak free • Confirm the oil tank is breathing • Ensure correct valves are open on the transformer • Monitor oil levels • Ensure oil pumps and filters are in good operational

condition • Tie off all ladders and wear working at heights safety

harnesses • Appoint safety observers • Be mindful of oily / slippery or uneven ground • Do not use EWP in high winds • Pre start checks

• Ensure oil pump, tanks, hoses, fittings and transformer

are all equipotentially bonded together and to earth • Warm up prior to lifts. Use Body fit principles and

correct lifting techniques. Share the load and use mechanical lifting aids

• Maintain adequate flow of dry air into the transformer to

keep up with oil being pumped • Dry air to have a minimum dew point of -40 deg C. • Air • Dry air supply to seal off at a maximum 3 psi (21kPa)

• Ensure the dry air supply seals off at maximum of 3 psi

(21kPa) • Loosen, but do not remove all bolts / nuts on blanking

plates until the plate and gasket has been lifted at one corner and the internal pressure has been released

• Do not proceed in foul weather unless robust protection

is in place to prevent water ingress • Minimise the duration the hatches are open • Maintain adequate flow of dry air into the transformer • Dry air to have a minimum dew point of -40 deg C. • Dry air supply to seal off at a maximum 3 psi (21 kPa)

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Working at heights training EWP Training Transformer manufacturer operations and maintenance manual Bushing manufacturer manuals



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Rating Removal of transformer bushings, turrets, hatches, pipe work, valves and blanking plates (continued)

• Moisture in contact with critical removed asset components such as bushings and CT’s, as well as physical damage from handling and storage

• Working at heights: fall, injury

• Trips / slippery surfaces: sprain, injury

• Use of EWP – fall, contact with live apparatus

• Dropped tools, equipment and components into

the transformer – falling objects: injury • Use of solvents and chemicals: harm,

environmental issues • Cuts and abrasions: injury, infection

• Use of cranes – contact with live apparatus,

falling objects: impact, injury • Sprains strains and overexertion: soft tissue

injury, fatigue

H

• When equipment such as Bushings and CT’s are removed, handled and stored, they must be adequately sealed from the environment, protected from physical harm and handled appropriately during removal / storage and reinstallation

• Tie off all ladders and wear working at heights safety

harnesses • Appoint safety observers • Be mindful of oily / slippery or uneven ground

• Do not use EWP in high winds • Pre-start checks

• Secure all hand tools and equipment with strong non-

conductive lanyards • Use appropriate work methods for gasket removal and

cleaning, to minimise internal contamination, i.e. work from the inside out on flanges, protect the openings from debris, use tools that do not make a lot of dust / particles. Clean the area regularly and thoroughly

• Store, use and cleanup all solvents and chemicals

according to the MSDS and wear appropriate PPE • Use sharp tools, correct work methods and PPE to

minimise the likelihood and extent of injuries from sharp tools

• Appoint safety observer • Maintain safe working clearances • Use approved lifting equipment and slings • Earth the crane • Maintain effective communications • Use a dogman for complex lifts

• Warm up prior to lifts. Use Body fit principles and


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sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Rating

Carry out the job Confined space entry and work Final preparation for entry Remove final access hatches This action may occur on a following day to the preparations and negate previous discussions, hence the repetition of hazards associated with confined space entry and work Discuss and formalise the Internal Inspection of Transformers Rescue Plan

• Lack of consideration of safety aspects prior to

entering the confined space: injury, harm • All points as discussed in last section for

removal of transformer bushings, turrets, hatches, pipe work, valves and blanking plates

• No emergency rescue plan in place • Delays in getting help • Confusion • Can’t find the rescue plan • Address of the site is not clearly known

• No observation of workers inside • Emergency situation inside goes unnoticed • Workers require equipment, but cannot get

attention

H

H

• Conduct a separate risk assessment solely for the confined space aspect of the overall task. Involve all staff who will be associated with the confined space element of the work

• All points as discussed in last section for removal of transformer bushings, turrets, hatches, pipe work, valves and blanking plates

• Crew discuss the formal Internal Inspection of Transformers Rescue Plan and add any site specific items.

• Points to be discussed and agreed include: o Do not endanger other workers in the rescue o Establish and test a robust method of

communication, i.e. mobile phone, landline, two-way radio

o List the location / address of the site on the sheet, to assist with communications to emergency services

o Contact emergency wervices – list the emergency services phone number on the sheet

o Maintain communications with the worker o Ensure adequate flow of dry air into the enclosure o Monitor the space for oxygen levels, carbon

monoxide and levels of combustibles o If access permits, draw the worker to the entry /

egress hatch and assist with removal from the tank o Maintain airway and provide first aid o Post someone to the entry gate to the switchyard, to

provide access and guide emergency services o Await emergency rescue crews / emergency

response • The Rescue Plan is to be secured at the point of entry /

egress, along with the Confined Space Entry Permit and equipment / personnel log sheet

• Appoint safety observer to monitor the work crew from the access / egress point

• If more than one point of access / egress exists, then appointment of additional safety observers is warranted so clear view of the work and workers and communications is maintained

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ESSR, sections: 3.2, 3.3, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 4, 5.7, 6, 7.1, 12.7 TSWPM sections: 2.5, 2.11, 2.13, 3, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, 5.9, 6.1, 6.7 Australian Standard: AS 2865-2009 – Confined Spaces Occupational Safety and Health WA Regulation division 8 – Work in confined spaces Transformer manufacturers operation and maintenance manuals Safety Life Savers Internal Inspection of Power Transformers Rescue Plan (DM# 9943325) Confined space training



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Rating Confined space entry and work (continued) Appoint safety observer (or observers) Appoint a standby person responsible for air supply Nominate support / standby staff Test the confined space air quality

• Safety observer not trained / accredited • Air supply blockage • Air bottles run out • Compressor / dryer failure • Ingress of wet / moist air (asset damage) • Safety observer leaving his post • Delays in getting equipment • Communication problems • Safety / emergency response delays • Delays in completing the internal work, resulting

in worker fatigue, failing light, return to service delays

• Damaged or faulty test equipment • Untrained non accredited testing staff • Poor air quality • Explosive atmosphere • Poor ventilation • Out of date testing prior to entry

H

• Ensure the safety observer is trained and current for confined space work, as per Australian Standard 2865:2009 – Confined Spaces

• Ensure the safety observer has current fist aid and

CPR accreditation • Appoint a standby person responsible for air supply • Their job involves monitoring air cylinders and air flow,

operation of compressors and dryers • If a bottle is to be swapped to a new one – they must

first notify the safety observer (who will notify the internal workers)

• Bottles must be changed quickly • In event of a bottle change delay, bottle quantity

problem, compressor or air dryer failure, the person responsible must immediately notify the safety observer and the workers must immediately vacate the confined space

• Air supply must be maintained dry, with a dew point of

-40 deg C or better • Appoint support / standby staff, who have the

responsibility of staying near the safety observer and supplying him and the workers inside with any requested support – equipment, tools, lighting, water, communications, information, etc.

• These people are also mentioned on the Internal Inspection of Transformers Rescue Plan and will be responsible for contacting emergency services, manning the gate, assisting in any other way required

• Confirm test equipment is fully functional and within

test calibration • Ensure the environment is tested by a trained and

authorised worker, with accreditation for “Gas Test Atmospheres” as per Australian Standard 2865:2009 – Confined Spaces

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Confined Space Personnel and Equipment Log Sheet (DM# 9943399) Internal Inspection of Power Transformers Rescue Plan for Confined Space (DM# 9943323)



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Confined space entry and work (continued) Issue / review / accept and sign on to the Confined Space Entry Permit

• Untrained / unauthorised person issuing the

permit. • Permit points are incorrect or not adequately

addressed • Workers fail to sign on to the permit • Environmental tests are out of date • Untrained / unauthorised person signing onto

the permit. • The confined space entry permit cannot be

located. • Each of the items below must be considered

and addressed appropriately with controls. • Electrical isolations completed? • Atmospheric testing required? • Will welding / hot work be conducted in the

confined space? • Will chemicals be used within the confined

space? • Is forced air ventilation / extraction required?

H

• Confirm the atmosphere within the confined space is tested no longer than 2 hours prior to entry.

• Ensure adequate flow of dry air into the confined space • Confirm there is a 3 psi (21 kPa) cut off on the air

supply. • Confirm air quality is acceptable • Allowable oxygen content in air 19.5–23.5% • Normal oxygen content is 20.9% • Monitor carbon monoxide < 30 ppm • Hydrogen Sulphide < 10 ppm • Flammables < 5% of Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

• Also consider airborne particles, vapours and dust

• Note – Continuous monitoring of the air quality whilst

workers are within the confined space is a requirement for this task under all circumstances

• Confirm the person issuing the permit is trained,

authorised and current for “Issue Work Permits” as per Australian Standard 2865:2009 – Confined Spaces, Occupational Health and Safety (Confined Spaces) regulations 1996 and Western Power requirements

• The issuing officer of the confined space entry permit

must review each of the mandatory requirements prior to issue and ensure (by direct observation, testing and questioning of the work crew team leader) that each of the items has appropriate controls in place

• All workers to review the questions on the front and

back of the Confined Space Entry Permit and confirm they are satisfied that all points have been adequately answered and appropriate controls are in place for any items identified

• Workers with appropriate and current confined space

training and accreditation accept and sign onto the confined space entry permit

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sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Issue / review / accept and sign on to the Confined Space Entry Permit (continued) Workers enter the confined space and perform required inspections / work

• Are there any internal combustion engines nearby – CO fume potential?

• Are self contained breathing apparatus required?

• Is humidity control required? • Are airline respirators required? • Are there any unisolated energy sources that

could affect people in the confined space? • Is there a medium above or below the space? • Have hole / trench walls been secured /

guarded? • Has the floor material been shored where there

is the potential for material loss? • Will entry / exit be restricted or difficult? • Has a suitable means of access and egress

been established? • Is additional lighting required? • Is the standby person trained and competent? • Are barricading / signs required to limit access

to the vicinity? • Are safety harnesses required to be worn? • Is communication equipment required? • Is intrinsically safe equipment required? • Alternative access control method required? • Is there a rescue plan developed and attached

to the permit? • Electrocution

• Poor air quality

• Engulfment

• Explosion

H

• The confined space entry permit must remain at the point of confined space entry and egress, along with the rescue plan and equipment / personnel log sheet

• Final confirmation of electrical isolations primary and

secondary • Final confirmation of earthing to all windings • Use ELCB’s on all electrical tools and equipment

• Confirm dry air flow established and manned, with

minimum -40 deg C dew point • Workers wear half face respirator with P2 or P3

cartridge for airborne particles and fumes (if atmosphere requires it)

• Continuous monitoring of the confined space to monitor air quality and explosive LEL

L

Confined Space Personnel and Equipment Log Sheet (DM# 9943399) Internal Inspection of Power Transformers Rescue Plan for Confined Space (DM# 9943323)



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Workers enter the confined space and perform required inspections / work (continued)

• Strains and sprains

• Cuts and abrasions

• Physical exhaustion

• Slips / trips

• Equipment left inside

• Tools and equipment dropped

• Poor lighting

• Poor communications

• Disorientation / dizziness

• Difficult access / egress

H

• Position fire extinguisher adjacent to entry / egress • Power tools that could produce sparks or heat are not

permitted within the confined space • If alarm sounds, workers are to vacate the confined

space immediately • Confirm all oil compartments fully drained and isolated • Confirm safety observers & standby personnel in place • Workers to wear PPE appropriate to the work scope • Final confirmation that windings are earthed • Warm up prior to entry. Use Body fit principals and

correct lifting techniques. Share any lifting and use mechanical lifting aids where possible

• Workers to maintain fluid levels and take regular short breaks

• Workers to wear wellington boots or protective booties over their oil proof boots

• Any loose items of clothing , jewellery, sunglasses,

mobile phones, pens, coins or other items to be removed and not introduced to the transformer

• All equipment and personnel that enters the confined must be logged and recorded in and out on the Confined Space Personnel and Equipment Log Sheet

• All hand tools and equipment to be secured with non-

conductive lanyards / tethers • Additional lighting to be positioned inside to provide

adequate light to perform the task safely • Means of communications to be established and tested

(typically verbal communication is fine) • The safety observer / standby person is to maintain

communications with the workers and visual observation, to monitor their state of health and fatigue clues – if any doubts exist, the worker must exit the confined space immediately, if requested by the safety observer

• The entry / egress points shall be maintained clear of

obstructions

L



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Controlled Risk

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References


• Damage to delicate internal structures

• Lighting failure / lighting damage • Unsecured battery compartments

• Damage to internal conductors and insulation

from bare hand contact. • Camera / recording equipment failure

• Improper / faulty or damaged PPE

H

• All internal inspection / repair work is to be performed by personnel who are experienced with such work and have a broad knowledge of how to negotiate around inside a power transformer and perform work and inspections, without harming the delicate internal structures.

• Ensure all plant and equipment and worker PPE is clean and dry prior to entry to the confined space

• Ensure all lights are made of non metallic components

and do not have small portions that can break off or become dislodged.

• Tape any weak portions • Keep backup battery powered emergency lighting at

the ready, in case of main lighting failure. • Ensure all battery compartments are secure and taped

if needed. • Keep spare batteries on hand • Remove adequate other hatches (if possible) to provide

additional light and inspection access. • If workers are to directly work on conductors or

insulation material, they must wear clean, dry, lint-free cotton gloves.

• Test operate all cameras and recording equipment. • Set up monitors and sound equipment outside the

transformer on a sturdy platform, where it is visible to those who need to see it.

• Secure all battery compartments and tape any sharp corners or protrusions on cameras and recording equipment.

• Secure all joints and extensions on recording equipment.

• Tape and protect all joints in cable extensions for recording equipment.

• Ensure all workers wear clean, reinforced paper

overalls. • Wellington boots or protective booties over oil tight

boots.

L



sequence


Initial Risk

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References


• Harness caught on internal structures • Harness causing damage to delicate insulation

and components (asset damage). • Increased worker fatigue and loss of flexibility

due to harness use. • Slippery internal surfaces • Oil impregnated rag (disposal)

• Use of ladders and platforms within the confined

space. • Head / body strike items

H

• Lint-free, dry and clean cotton gloves • Half face respirator with P2 or P3 cartridge filters for

dust, vapour, fumes (if present). • Protective bump cap if head strike obstacles are

present • Hearing protection (if required) • Eye protection (goggles) if required – using power tools

or cutting • Unless absolutely necessary, if workers have to move

away from direct line of site, or have to be lowered into the confined space, avoid the use of harnesses

• Typically within a power transformer these will cause restriction to any safety initiative to drag a worker to an exit

• They will also contribute to worker fatigue and increase greatly the risk of consequential damage to the delicate internal structures of the asset.

• Discuss the use of harnesses in the risk assessment

• Internal floor areas to be accessed need to be wiped

down with lint-free clean and dry rag, as soon as practical once the tank has been entered, to minimise slippery surfaces

• The oil-impregnated rag is to be collected and disposed of in an environmentally sustainable manner

• The ladders / platforms need to be closely inspected for

condition prior to use and any sharp items need to be taped and any loose items removed

• Ensure stable setup and footing prior to use. • Keep well clear of internal insulation and other delicate

structures • Internal workers to identify potential head and body

strike items. • Communicate these between them and if required

attach clean, dry, lint-free cloth over them to minimise impact damage

L



sequence


Initial Risk

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References


• Struck by / trapped by moving equipment

• Power tools used in confined space. • Swarf contamination of asset • Additional PPE

H

• Log these wrapped items on the Confined Space Personnel and Equipment Log Sheet

• Final confirmation of isolation to tap changing

equipment prior to entry • If for any reason the tap changer had to be operated, it

is preferable for the workers to vacate the confined space

• If the workers have to remain inside the confined space

and observe the mechanical operation of the tap changer, then a discussion must take place and all parties agree

• The workers must position themselves in a stable position, well clear of the workings of the tap changer and communicate clearly when to operate it and when to stop and again isolate the supplies to the tap changer control mechanism

• Only tools with little likelihood of producing a spark are

to be used within the confined space – no grinders • Use ELCB for power supplies • If drilling – preferably use cordless drills, on slow speed

and drill in short bursts to minimise heat • Wear additional PPE such as hearing protection or

goggles as required according to the nature of the tools / work

• Capture swarf / filings/ off cuts and dispose of them outside the confined space in an environmentally sustainable manner

L

Complete the job

Completion of work within the confined space of the transformer

• Tools and equipment left inside • Tools and equipment damaged, left dirty or not

appropriately stored.

H

• As each item of equipment and plant is removed from the confined space, it is to be visually inspected by the safety observer and support / standby personnel, to make sure it is intact and has no missing parts

• The equipment is to be logged out of the confined space on the Confined Space Personnel and Equipment Log Sheet

• The equipment is to be cleaned and stored appropriately for future use

L

ESSR, sections: 3.2, 3.3, 3.8, 3.9, 3.12, 4, 6, 7.3, 12.7 TSWPM sections: 2.5, 3, 5.3, 6.7



sequence


Initial Risk

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Controlled Risk

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References

Completion of work within the confined space of the transformer (continued)

• Contamination of internal surfaces • Disposal of oil contaminated rags

• Jamming of moving parts (tap changer)

• Contaminated floor areas and particles /

residues. • Continuous environmental monitoring

equipment left behind. • Final log of personnel and equipment. • (Overlooked materials / plant)

• Risk assessment for confined space entry left

open (not closed off) • Confined space entry permit left open (not

signed off) • Overpressure • Workers being struck by plates blown off by

internal pressure

H

• At the completion of work, but prior to the removal of lighting equipment, all internal accessible surfaces that may have been contaminated during the course of the work must be cleaned with dry, clean, lint-free cloth (including walls)

• All oil contaminated rags must be collected and disposed of in an environmentally sustainable manner

• Prior to exiting the confined space, the tap changer

selector switches and any exposed mechanical linkages, slides, contacts, rollers, etc. must be closely inspected to ensure no material or components exist that can hinder normal operation

• The last worker to exit the confined space has a final

look around for any obvious defects, then using clean, lint-free dry cloth, wipes the floor are to remove any accumulated particles, swarf or residues, working backwards towards ending at the egress point

• The final piece of equipment to be removed from the confined space (accompanying the last worker) is the environmental monitoring equipment.

• Turn off, clean, inspect and store appropriately the monitoring equipment

• The safety observer and Confined Space Entry Permit

Holder - to perform a final review of the Confined Space Personnel and Equipment Log Sheet and satisfy themselves 100% that all personnel and equipment has been removed from the confined space

• Workers satisfy themselves that all aspects of the

confined space work is complete • Perform the close out of the risk assessment for

confined space entry. • Workers review and sign off the Confined space Entry

Permit. • Permit holder cancels the Confined Space Entry Permit

• Ensure the dry air supply seals off at maximum of 3 psi

(21 kPa)

L

Australian Standard: AS 2865-2009 - Confined Spaces Occupational Safety and Health WA Regulation division 8 - Work in confined spaces Transformer Work Completion Checklist (DM# 711902) Safety Life Savers Chemical manufacturer guidelines and MSDS Work Practices Manual



sequence


Initial Risk

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Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Completion of work within the confined space of the transformer (continued) Reinstallation / assembly of hatches, covers, bushings, turrets, pipe work etc.

• Moisture entering the transformer – asset

damage • Moisture in contact with critical removed asset

components such as bushings and CT’s, as well as physical damage from handling and storage

• Working at heights

• Trips and slips

• Use of EWP

• Dropped tools, equipment and components into

the transformer • Use of solvents and chemicals

H

• Loosen, but do not remove all bolts / nuts on blanking

plates until the plate and gasket has been lifted at one corner and the internal pressure has been released

• Do not proceed in foul weather, unless robust

protection is in place to prevent water ingress • Minimise the duration the hatches are open • Maintain adequate flow of dry air into the transformer • Dry air to have a minimum dew point of -40 deg C • Dry air supply to seal off at a maximum 3 psi (21 kPa) • When equipment such as bushings and CT’s are

removed, handled and stored, they must be adequately sealed from the environment, protected from physical harm and handled appropriately during removal / storage and reinstallation

• Do not use EWP in high winds

• Be mindful of oily, slippery or uneven ground

• Pre-start checks • Appoint safety observers – apply earthing • Tie off all ladders and wear working at heights safety

harnesses • Secure all hand tools and equipment with strong non

conductive lanyards • Use appropriate work methods for gasket removal and

cleaning, to minimise internal contamination, i.e. work from the inside out on flanges, protect the openings from debris, use tools that do not make a lot of dust / particles. Clean the area regularly and thoroughly

• Store, use and cleanup all solvents and chemicals

according to the MSDS and wear appropriate PPE

L

Working at heights training EWP training Transformer manufacturer operations and maintenance manual Bushing manufacturer manuals Work Practices Manual Working at heights training EWP training Transformer manufacturer operations and maintenance manual



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Re installation / assembly of hatches, covers, bushings, turrets, pipe work, etc. (continued) Vacuum oil filling of transformer

• Cuts and abrasions • Use of cranes

• Sprains, strains and overexertion

• Oil spills

• Working at heights • Trips and slips • Use of EWP

• Electrocution due to static charges • Asset damage due to static charges

• Strains, sprains overexertion

H

• Use sharp tools, correct work methods and PPE to minimise the likelihood and extent of injuries from sharp tools

• Maintain safe working clearances • Use approved lifting equipment and slings • Earth the crane • Maintain effective communications • Use a dogman for complex lifts

• Warm up prior to lifts. Use Body fit principals and


• Ensure oil tanks are bunded • Check all oil couplings are tight, secured and leak free. • Confirm the oil tank is breathing • Ensure correct valves are open on the transformer • Monitor oil levels • Ensure oil pumps and filters are in good operational

condition • Fill as per transformer manufacturer's instructions

• Do not use EWP in high winds • Pre-start checks • Appoint safety observers • Tie off all ladders and wear working at heights safety

harnesses • Be mindful of oily / slippery or uneven ground.

• Ensure oil pump, tanks, hoses, fittings and transformer

are all equipotentially bonded together and to earth • Warm up prior to lifts. Use Body fit principals and


L

Work Practices Manual Working at heights training EWP training Transformer manufacturer operations and maintenance manual



sequence


Initial Risk

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Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Vacuum oil filling of transformer (continued) Final transformer testing Removal of bulk equipment from site, such as oil tanks, oil pumps, vacuum pumps, compressors, site sheds, etc.

• Moisture ingress to transformer / asset damage • High vacuum for oil filling – vapours

• Overpressure – PRD operation or tank damage

after breaking vacuum • Electrocution & induced charges

• Working at heights

• Poor communication

• Trips / slips

• Cuts and abrasions

• Use of EWP

• Adverse weather conditions

• Slippery surfaces

• Lost / missing connection hardware

• Failure to wear PPE: shock, burns, injury, • Unfit for work • Lack of skills or knowledge • Slip, trip, fall , obstacles • Open pits / manholes / access way • Damaged or faulty plant, tools and equipment • Ladders, stairs, ramps • Vehicle, equipment and material movement • Manual handling / use of tools: strain, sprain • Contact with live electrical apparatus

H

• Perform initial vacuum dump test to confirm there are minimal leaks, where moisture could be drawn into the transformer

• Ensure vacuum exhaust is directed away from workers

• Dry air supply to seal off at a maximum 3 psi (21 kPa)

• Appoint safety observers

• Remove earths immediately prior to testing and

reinstall as soon as tests are complete • Tie off all ladders and wear working at heights safety

harnesses • Be mindful of slippery surfaces

• Do not use EWP in high winds

• Wear gloves to protect against sharp objects

• Establish and maintain good communications and

clearly warn all other workers before applying test voltages and again when all clear

• Ensure tools and equipment are suitable for the job • Secure all equipment, tools and material for transport

• Ensure vehicle / plant users have correct and current

licences for the equipment • Use an accredited traffic management company (if

required) • Assess ground for risk of subsidence, stability issues

L

Chemical MSDS information Work Practices Manual Working at heights training EWP training Transformer manufacturer operations and maintenance manual



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Removal of bulk equipment from site, such as oil tanks, oil pumps, vacuum pumps, compressors, site sheds, etc. (continued) Final cleaning of transformer and work area

• Accessing the wrong apparatus or work space: • Induced voltages: shock, burns • Chemicals / liquids • Airborne contaminants • Flammable substances (explosion, fire): injury

• Weather conditions: rain, sun, wind, lightning • Poor vehicle / outrigger stability • Crushing • Noise / hearing damage

• Incorrect tool for the job • Traffic management problems

• Oil spills / oil bunding requirements not adhered

to • Untrained / unauthorised use of vehicles and

plant • Communication problems

• Damage to associated plant due to swinging

loads • Use of cranes

• Failure to wear PPE: shock, burns, injury, harm • Unfit for work: fatigue, injury, harm • Lack of skills or knowledge: shock, burns, injury • Slip, trip, fall , obstacles: strain, sprain, injury • Open pits / manholes / access way: injury • Damaged or faulty plant, tools and equipment:

shock, burns, injury • Ladders, stairs, ramps: falls, injury • Vehicle, equipment and material movement:

impact, crush, injury

H

• Appoint safety observers for vehicle movement

• Attach vehicle mobile and fixed earthing

• Wear hearing protection if required

• Wear personal PPE including harnesses and hearing

protection if needed • Vehicle pre-start checks

• Lift using proper lifting techniques or mechanical aids

• Shore up any open pits

• Designate crossing points for bund walls

• Comply with environmental requirements / bunding

requirements • Establish, test and maintain effective communications –

e.g. by phone, two-way radio, hand signals, etc. • Attach tag lines to slung loads • Position and use cranes as per the WP rules

• Use accepted and compliant lifting equipment and

slings • Ensure tools and equipment are suitable for the job • Secure all equipment, tools and material for transport

• Ensure vehicle / plant users have correct and current

licences for the equipment • Appoint safety observers for vehicle movement

L

Transformer manufacturer operations and maintenance manual Chemical MSDS information Work Practices Manual Working at heights training Transformer Work Completion Checklist (DM# 711902) Electrical System Safety Rules (ESSR)



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Final cleaning of transformer and work area (continued) Task completion and permit relinquishment

• Manual handling / use of tools: strain, sprain • Contact with live electrical apparatus: shock,

burns, injury • Accessing the wrong apparatus or work space:

shock, burns, injury • Induced voltages shock, burns, injury: • Chemicals / liquids: burns, injury, harm • Air borne contaminants: harm • Flammable substances (explosion, fire): burns,

injury, harm • Weather conditions: rain, sun, wind, lightning:

harm • Noise / hearing damage: harm • Untrained / unauthorised use of vehicles and

plant: injury • Communication problems: unclear messages –

injury, harm • Steam cleaning – pressure, particles, burns • Asset damage from high pressure steam

cleaning • Tools and equipment left behind on the job • Incorrect waste disposal: harm, environmental

damage • Use of chemicals: burns, injury, harm

• Transformer not left in a state fit for re-

energisation – risk of explosion: injury • Asset damage from wrong configuration

• Risk of injury to workers from transformer not

left in fit state for use • Working at heights: falls, injury

H

• Attach vehicle mobile and fixed earthing • Wear hearing protection if required

• Wear personal PPE including harnesses and hearing

protection if needed • Vehicle pre-start checks • Lift using proper lifting techniques or mechanical aids

• Shore up any open pits

• Designate crossing points for bund walls

• Establish, test and maintain effective communications –

e.g. by phone, two-way radio, hand signals, etc. • Store, handle, use and clean up degreaser according

to MSDS and manufacturer guidelines • Use the steam cleaner in an appropriate way, wear eye

protection, gloves, wet weather gear, harnesses and direct water jet away from personnel and delicate electrical components

• Inspect the worksite for any residual tools or equipment.

• Collect and dispose of all waste in an environmentally sustainable manner, according to materials concerned

• Work crew under the direction of the Recipient in

Charge (if on an EAP), or authorised person if on a handover certificate – performs the Transformer Work Completion Checklist (DM# 711902), and confirms all items satisfactorily addressed, ready for service

• Note – if on a handover certificate (equipment deemed

out of service) then the primary connections will have to be reinstated, after hand over back to Systems Operations and issue of a new EAP for reconnection

• Wear personal PPE including harnesses and hearing protection if needed

L

Transformer manufacturer operations and maintenance manual Chemical MSDS information Work Practices Manual Working at heights training Transformer Work Completion Checklist (DM# 711902) Electrical System Safety Rules (ESSR) Work Practices Manual Transformer Work Completion Checklist (DM# 711902)



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Task Completion and permit relinquishment (continued)

• Working earths left in place • Secondary isolations not restored

• Risk assessment for confined space entry left

open (not closed off): Missed opportunities for improvement

• Cuts / abrasions from moving plant (radiator

fans and tap changers) • EAP – Permit or Handover certificate left active

(not signed off) • Substation access not logged off

• Driving from site • Fatigue • Vehicle defects

M

• Tie off all ladders • Close off risk assessment and debrief – include all

staff. Document any improvement opportunities and follow-up issues

• Communicate clearly to the work crew prior to testing

running cooling fans, pumps, tap changers • Workers satisfy themselves that all aspects of the

overall work task is complete • Perform the close out of the risk assessment for

transformer draining, disassembly / reassembly and filling aspect of the job

• Recipient in Charge on an EAP or authorised person

on the handover certificate arranges for all working earths (if applicable) to be removed and note this on the EAP

• If on an EAP, the Recipient in Charge arranges for all

secondary isolations to be reinstated. • Workers review and sign off the EAP and henceforth

consider the unit as live • Recipient in charge or authorised person on a

handover certificate – performs job close out and relinquishes the EAP, or arranges for handover back to System Operations Control

• Contact the issuing officer to arrange cancellation of

the work permit / or perform handover processes back to System Operations control

L

Electrical System Safety Rules (ESSR) Work Practices Manual Transformer Work Completion Checklist (DM# 711902) Electrical System Safety Rules (ESSR)



sequence


Initial Risk

Rating


Controlled Risk

Rating

References

Task Completion and permit relinquishment (continued)

• All crews to log off from the substation access tracker.

• Vehicle pre-start checks • Driver fatigue monitored and if travelling longer

distances – log in with formal leader on a regular basis • Drivers adhere to road rules and drive according to

weather / road conditions


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