West Texas West Texas After the Civil WarAfter the Civil War

Unit 7.1:Unit 7.1:(Chapter 17 Section 1)(Chapter 17 Section 1)

Native Americans Control the Native Americans Control the West West (pages 390–391)(pages 390–391)

►By By 18661866 most American Indians had most American Indians had been removed from eastern Texas. been removed from eastern Texas. However, many tribes still However, many tribes still roamedroamed west Texas.west Texas.

► Federal soldiers left western Texas to Federal soldiers left western Texas to fight in the Civil War, leaving the fight in the Civil War, leaving the western regions western regions vulnerable to attackvulnerable to attack..

► Settlers in West Texas were Settlers in West Texas were defenselessdefenseless, and some moved , and some moved easteast to to safer areas.safer areas.

Native Americans Control the Native Americans Control the West West (text pages 390–391)(text pages 390–391)

► To To prevent further attacksprevent further attacks, federal , federal soldiers were stationed in West Texas.soldiers were stationed in West Texas.

► Forts were Forts were built too far apartbuilt too far apart, and , and there were there were not enough soldiers not enough soldiers (WRITE (WRITE THIS IN)THIS IN) to prevent Indian attacks.to prevent Indian attacks.

►American Indians had advantages American Indians had advantages because they knew the territory. because they knew the territory.

Herman LehmannHerman LehmannChief Herman Lehmann before moving to Reservation…

Herman Lehmann after move to Reservation…

The Search for Peace The Search for Peace (pages 391–392)(pages 391–392)

► In 1867 the In 1867 the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek was signed. Terms of the Treaty included:was signed. Terms of the Treaty included:

1- American Indians agreed to live on 1- American Indians agreed to live on reservationsreservations in Indian Territory (present- in Indian Territory (present-day day OklahomaOklahoma). ).

2- Federal government would 2- Federal government would provide food provide food and suppliesand supplies, but, but

3- Federal troops would 3- Federal troops would not be allowed on not be allowed on

ReservationsReservations..4- Indians would 4- Indians would agree to stop making raids agree to stop making raids

on Anglo American settlements.on Anglo American settlements.

The Search for Peace The Search for Peace (pages 391–392)(pages 391–392)

►Many federal agents assigned by Many federal agents assigned by President Grant President Grant were were QuakersQuakers, who , who did did notnot believe in believe in violenceviolence..

►Quaker Quaker Lawrie TatumLawrie Tatum, the , the agentagent in in Indian Territory, Indian Territory, worked to educate worked to educate the Plains peoplethe Plains people in agriculture so in agriculture so they could live in the Anglo world.they could live in the Anglo world.

Lawrie TatumLawrie Tatum

The Peace Policy Fails The Peace Policy Fails (pages 392–393)(pages 392–393)

►Peace did not come to western Peace did not come to western Texas because many Texas because many Native Native American leaders American leaders did not sign the did not sign the treaty.treaty.

►About one-half of the About one-half of the ComanchesComanches and many and many KiowasKiowas refused to move refused to move to reservations.to reservations.

The Peace Policy FailsThe Peace Policy Fails (pages 392–393)(pages 392–393)

►Kiowa chief Kiowa chief SatantaSatanta insisted that West insisted that West Texas belonged to the Texas belonged to the ComanchesComanches and and KiowasKiowas..

►Known as the Known as the “Orator “Orator of the Plains”. . .of the Plains”. . .

► he believed that he believed that without the buffalowithout the buffalo, , they could they could not survive not survive on reservations.on reservations.

The Peace Policy FailsThe Peace Policy Fails (pages 392–393)(pages 392–393)

► Chiefs who Chiefs who RefusedRefused to sign the Peace to sign the Peace Policy:Policy:

► 1- Satanta - Kiowa1- Satanta - Kiowa► 2- Lone Wolf - Kiowa2- Lone Wolf - Kiowa► 3- Ten Bears - Comanche3- Ten Bears - Comanche► 4- Quanah Parker – Comanche4- Quanah Parker – Comanche► 5- Victorio - Apache5- Victorio - Apache► Chiefs who Chiefs who AgreedAgreed to sign the Peace Policy: to sign the Peace Policy:► Kicking Bird – KiowaKicking Bird – Kiowa► HorsebackHorseback – Kiowa– Kiowa► Striking Eagle – Kiowa Striking Eagle – Kiowa

The Peace Policy Fails The Peace Policy Fails (pages 392–393)(pages 392–393)

►Kiowa chief Kiowa chief Lone Wolf Lone Wolf called for war.called for war.

► Ten BearsTen Bears, a , a Comanche Comanche chief, argued chief, argued that his people that his people must be must be allowed to allowed to roam freely roam freely over the plainsover the plains

The Peace Policy Fails The Peace Policy Fails (pages 392–393)(pages 392–393)

►Comanche chief Comanche chief Quanah ParkerQuanah Parker, , son of Peta Nocona and Anglo son of Peta Nocona and Anglo American woman Cynthia Ann American woman Cynthia Ann ParkerParker

►Cynthia had been captured by Cynthia had been captured by Comanches as a child; her son Comanches as a child; her son Quanah, spent 10 years Quanah, spent 10 years raiding raiding Anglo settlers Anglo settlers trying to stop the trying to stop the spread of Anglo settlements.spread of Anglo settlements.

Cynthia Ann Cynthia Ann ParkerParker

Quanah Quanah ParkerParker