Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion1801-18611801-1861

America establishes its boundariesAmerica establishes its boundariesBy : Gary Strickland , Rainer By : Gary Strickland , Rainer

Crandall , Shauntel Jones ,Tranija Crandall , Shauntel Jones ,Tranija Colley , Lexi WilsonColley , Lexi Wilson

Big Ideas…Big Ideas… Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was

encouraged as America underwent vast encouraged as America underwent vast territorial expansionterritorial expansion and settlement. and settlement.

Westward migration was influenced by Westward migration was influenced by geography and economic opportunity. geography and economic opportunity.

Prior to the Civil War, most Prior to the Civil War, most industrialization in America was in the industrialization in America was in the North; however, the equipment produced North; however, the equipment produced in the North had an impact on the farming in the North had an impact on the farming society in the South. society in the South.

The abolitionists worked to end slavery.The abolitionists worked to end slavery. The suffrage movement helped women The suffrage movement helped women

gain equal rights. gain equal rights.

Post-Revolutionary Post-Revolutionary AmericaAmerica

The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase

New territories added to the New territories added to the United States after 1801United States after 1801

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase Jefferson bought land from France (the Jefferson bought land from France (the

Louisiana Purchase), which doubled Louisiana Purchase), which doubled the size of the United States.the size of the United States.

In the Lewis and Clark expedition, In the Lewis and Clark expedition, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase from explored the Louisiana Purchase from the Mississippi River to the Pacific the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.Ocean.

Lousiana PurchaseLousiana Purchase

Other TerritoriesOther Territories

FloridaFlorida– Spain gave Florida to the United States through a Spain gave Florida to the United States through a

treaty.treaty. TexasTexas

– Texas was added after it became an independent Texas was added after it became an independent republic.republic.

OregonOregon– The Oregon Territory was divided by the United The Oregon Territory was divided by the United

States and Great Britain.States and Great Britain. CaliforniaCalifornia

– War with Mexico resulted in California and the War with Mexico resulted in California and the southwest territory becoming part of the United southwest territory becoming part of the United States.States.

Florida, Texas, Oregon, Florida, Texas, Oregon, CaliforniaCalifornia

Factors affecting Factors affecting westward expansionwestward expansion Geographic and economic factors that Geographic and economic factors that

influenced westward movementinfluenced westward movement– Population growth in the eastern statesPopulation growth in the eastern states– Availability of cheap, fertile landAvailability of cheap, fertile land– Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold

Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves)slaves)

– Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboatscanals (Erie Canal), steamboats

– Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe)Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe)– Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea

that expansion was for the good of the country and that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country was the right of the country

Important InventionsImportant Inventions

The cotton gin was invented by Eli The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney. It increased the production of Whitney. It increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor to cultivate and pick the slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton.cotton.

Important InventionsImportant Inventions

Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus McCormick worked to invent the McCormick worked to invent the reaper. The reaper increased the reaper. The reaper increased the productivity of the American productivity of the American farmer.farmer.

Famous InventionsFamous Inventions

The steamboat was improved by Robert The steamboat was improved by Robert Fulton. It eventually provided faster river Fulton. It eventually provided faster river transportation that connected Southern transportation that connected Southern plantations and farms to Northern industries plantations and farms to Northern industries and Western territories.and Western territories.

The steam locomotive provided faster land The steam locomotive provided faster land transportation. transportation.

Beliefs about Civil Beliefs about Civil RightsRights Abolitionist movementAbolitionist movement

– Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of the slaves.the slaves.

– Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong.Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong.– Morally wrong Morally wrong – Cruel and inhumane Cruel and inhumane – A violation of the principles of democracyA violation of the principles of democracy– Abolitionist leaders included both men and women.Abolitionist leaders included both men and women.– Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman– William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison– Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

Beliefs about civil Beliefs about civil rightsrights

Suffrage movementSuffrage movement– Supporters declared that “All men and women Supporters declared that “All men and women

are created equal.”are created equal.”– Supporters believed that women were deprived Supporters believed that women were deprived

of basic rights.of basic rights. Denied the right to voteDenied the right to vote Denied educational opportunities, especially higher Denied educational opportunities, especially higher

educationeducation Denied equal opportunities in businessDenied equal opportunities in business Limited in rights to own property Limited in rights to own property

– The movement was led by strong women who The movement was led by strong women who began their campaign before the Civil War and began their campaign before the Civil War and continued after the war had ended.continued after the war had ended.

Isabel Sojourner TruthIsabel Sojourner Truth Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Sacagawea Sacagawea

She was She was pregnant but pregnant but she helped she helped Lewis & Clark Lewis & Clark translate other translate other Indian tribes Indian tribes languages .languages .