Wensel.orchids Evolution Project
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Transcript of Wensel.orchids Evolution Project
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Orchids
By Lauren Wensel
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Questions to Address What are the different
pollinators used byorchids?
How does the Orchidattract pollinators?
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Different Types of Pollinators:
Wingless WorkerAnts
Bees
Butterflies Moths
Flies
Birds
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Different Ways to Attract Pollinators Sexual deception
Different fragrances
Bright colors
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Sexual Deception The Orchids can attract
the male wasps byreleasing a chemical,
2-ethy-5-propylcyclohhexa-1,3-dione, which is similar
to that of a female
Found in theAustralian Orchid,Chiloglottis
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2-ethy-5-propylcyclohhexa-1,3-dione
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Wasp Attractiveness
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Another use of Fragrances The male euglossine
bees are attracted to theorchid smell for adifferent reason
When they visit theyscratch and brush
themselves against theflower to get the scent
The bees collect thefragrance and store itin their hind tibiae
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Why do the male Euglossine Beescollect the fragrance compound They could use it for
metabolic reasons The Males attract
females with the scentand then use theirterritorial displays tolure them in
Males use the scent toattract other males to amating site
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Male Euglossine Bees Diagram of male bee
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Future Research In the future I think it
would be interesting totest which of the
different types ofpollinators are best fororchid fertilization.
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References
Ackerman, J. D. Specificity and Mutual Dependency of the Orchid- Euglossine BeeInteraction. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.1983. Vol. 20. pp. 301-314.
Beattie, A. J., Peakall, R. Pollination of the Orchid Microtis Parviflora R. Br. ByFlightless Worker Ants. British Ecological Society. Vol. 3. No. 5. 1989. pp. 515- 522.
Calvo, Richard N. Evolutionary Demography of Orchids: Intensity and Frequency ofPollination and the Cost of Fruiting. Ecology. Vol. 74. No. 4. June 1993. pp. 1033-
1042 Dobson, Calaway H., Dressler, Robert L., Hills, Harold G., Adams, Ralph M.,
Williams, Norris H. Biologically Active Compounds in Orchid Fragrances. Science.Vol. 164. No. 3885. 13 June 1969. pp. 1243- 1249
Nilsson, L. A. Orchid pollination Biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution.Vol. 7.No.8. 1992. pp. 255-259
O Connell, Lisa M., Johnston, Mark O. Male and Female Pollination Success in a
Deceptive Orchid, A Selection Study. Ecology.Vol. 79. No.4. June 1998. pp. 1246-1260
Schiestl, Florian P., Peakall, Rod, Mant, Jim G., Ibarra, Fernando, Schulz, Claudia,Franke, Stephan, Francke, Wittko. The Chemistry of Sexual Deception in an Orchid-Wasp Pollination System. Science. Vol. 302. 17 October 2003. pp. 437-438