OHAPTEA 9-WELDING PAOCEDUAE ANO WELDEA QUALIFICATION

Clzapter 9- Welding Procedure and Welder Qua/ification

Introduction A wclding proccdurc dctaih; lhc slcps by which thc

welding of a specific joim or weldment is to be accom-pli. hl.-d. h givcs thc pro cri bcd \'alucs or mngcs of valucs for all lhc concrollable variables in the proce ' and speci-fies all material~ to be used. A welding procedurc deter-mines the mechanical properties of a welded joint.

Almos every weldingjob needs a welding procedure. Commonly, the comract or the specifications re qui.re Lhat a wrinen procedure be prepared. The requirements often are lhose of a general ~peci_lication or standard. which Lhe fbricator may be following as a quality control standard.

When the go erning spccification or standards com-prise acode that has been adopted by a gove ming agency such as a city, state, or prmnce, then !he welding proce-dure beoom.~ a legal entity under thm code.

Thc purpoS&! of this sccon is as foll ows:

To define thc wclding proccdurc pccificat.ion, includ-ing its lype~ con1en1. documentation, nnd application.

To e..'plain the qualilication of the wel

CHAPTER 9-WELDING PROCEDURE ANO WELDER OUALIFICATION

can be idenliftcd by lhc mili numbers; smaH portions c ul from full platcs or scctions should be markcd wit h thc samc numbc~. Thc rolling direclion of the platc should also be idcntified.

(3) Weld io~ Proce.s.s. What welding process iJ" to be used?

(4) Type, C l1ssilicution. nncl Compos ition of F iller T\lctuls. The welding proc:ess should be cle:nly narned, nnd the composi tion, identifying type, ar class ificntion designation of the filler metal hould always be spelled ouc lo ensure proper u~ . ln addition, the sizes of fi l ler 1netals ar elecirodes that can be u ~ed when welding dif-fcrcnl th ickncs..ws of material in diffe rent posilions rnust be de ignated. Somc lYJ>C'S of fillcr metaJs are cven iden-rlfied on each individual pass a r layer. Tdentifica tion of lillcr mctals may be loS( \\hcn original containcrs are dis-CD.rdcd . Electrodc marking, morcovcr, docs not guarJntcc that the electrode is in salisfactory condtion. For exam-pk low-hydrogl!n dectrodes that have bcen exposed to thc allnosphere mu~l be baked in 011 ove n to re),tore their low moisture comem. Such baking requirernem .. 11 !i\hould be included in the welding procedure, following the rnan-ufaet~r's specificacion.

(5) T~pc of Currcnl ;mcl Currcnt Ran!;c-.. What 1ype of currem is w be 11sed." Sorne electrodes work well on eilher acorde. If de is needed, the proper polarity should be specil1ed (DCEP or DCEN). In nddition, cur-rent range. far di fTerent e lectrode sizes, di fferent pro-cedure positions, and various Lhick nesses of materials should be listed.

(6) Weldcr Qunlilkalion Kcquiremcnt!,, The proce-du n; spcciflca1ion may dcsigmllc thc rcquircmc nts far weldcr or welding opcrator qualification . Applicablc welder qualific

OHAPTEA 9-WELDING PAOCEDUAE ANO WELDER QLV\LIFICATION

Tat::ulation of Positions of Groove Welds Position Diagram Refer&nee L'IClin ation of Axis Rotation of Face Flal A 0 to 15" 150" to 210

Horizortal B O to 15 80" to 150 210 10280

Overhead e O to 80" O" to 80 280 to360

~rtical D 15 to 60" 60 to260 E SO to 90 O to 360

...

...

...

80 AXIS '1 ~------+- LIMITS

----

--

-----

---' ...... _ .. --

Notes: 1. The hizontal reference plane s atwa,.s t.aken to lie belOY11 the weld under consideralon.

---

---

FOR E

VERTICAL PLAN E

--

2. The indination of alds is measured tom the horizontal relerence plane toward the vertical relerence plana. 3. The angle of rocalion ot the race is determineaxis of the weld. The reference position (O) of rcitatiori of the faoe lnvariably points In the di'ection opposce to that In which the alds angle lncreases.. When looking at point P. the ang la of rotatbn of the faca of lhe welcl is measured n a clockwise drection from lhe referencia posiion (O").

Figure 9.3- Positions of Groovc \Vclds

164

CHAPTEA 9-WELDING PROCEDURE ANO WELDER QUALIFlCATlON

Tabulation ol Positions of Rllet Welds Positon Diagram Reference lnclflation ol Ai

CHAPTER 9- WELDl f\G PROCEDURE AND WELDER QUALIFICATION

the we.ld or base. me.tI. Jf peening is to be used, de.tails of its app lication musr be specified in the weld.ing proce-dure specificat ion (see Figure 9.5).

(14) Hcal lnpul. Wilh heat-treated alloy steels and austenitic stainless $tee l alloys, the energy input during welding must nor heat rh e wo.rk adjacenr 10 the weld above certain temperatures. To control this, there must be specification of the pre heat and intelJlaSs temperatures, are voltage, current, and travel speed within well defi ned ranges, as detenTlined during the procedure qualifica-tio ns. This will allow for maintenance of the desirable properties in the hem-affected zone of the base metal.

(l S) Rool Prcparation Prior l Wclcling Sccond S idc. In join ts welded from both sides, there should be a description of the root of the first weld and how it may be pre pared for back we lding. The procedure ~pecification should state whether chipp ing, grinding, air carbon are cuning, oxyacetyle ne gouging, etc., is to be used.

(16) Rc'ln Ol'l l of Wdd Scc tio 1t~ IOr Rc,pair. What methods are to be usedfor renwving we/ds or sections of welds for repair? The methods may be the same as those used for preparing t'ie root of the first pass for welding from the second side.

(17) Repa ir ' Vclding. De tails of any repair welding me thods and procedures tha t may differ from 1he stan-dard 1ncLhods LO be used LO creare a weldcd join t sho u Id be ide ntified.

(18) Examina lion. What type and exsent of examina-tion is each weldjoint 10 receive? The examination may indude radiog raphy, magnetic partide, ulr.rasonic, pene-tran!, or other types o)f tes ting. Although visual examina-tion of every weld is routinely required, it should be spelled our in the procedure.

(19) Poslhcal Trcatmcnt. Wlwt heat treatment or stress reliefwill be required ajter welding? lt s hould be the same treatment that is applied to all procedure qualifi -cat:ion test welds. A li.ill description of rhe heat treatmenr should be specied ora suitable heat treating note, draw-

Figure 9.5- Peening the !Vliddle Layer of a \Veld Distributes and Balances Stresses

166

ing, or docume.nl should be. re.ference.d. Che.ck to see LhaL posthear rreaDnent of heat-treared alloy sreels wi 11 not ex-ceed the final ce mFe ring cemperature that was given to the base me tal. 1 fa ful! reheat treatment is i ntended, it may be desirable 10 weld the meta l in the annealed condition.

(20) Marking. Sorne codes requi re that welder.; make identifi cat ion marks on orne ar each weld, or maintain a record of welds. The identificatio n marking s hould be made with low-stress steel die s tamps, rather than shalJl-edged stamps (see Figure 9.6).

(21) Rccords. There should be details of what welding records will be required, and the speci fic requirements for these records.

(22) Wclding Proccclurc Spccifica lion Sa mplc. Sam-ples of a general welding procedure and severa! joint welding procedure speci fications are illusrraced in Annex B. These samples are for iltus trat:ion only and are not the specific de rail s ro follow for any part icular application. The dam given for elecrrode s ize, weldi ng curren! a nd voltage, preheat and i.nterpass temperature, location and sequen ce of weld passes, etc., have been filled in sole ly for illus tration, 110! for actual use.

\Velding Procedu re Quali6cation The purpose of procedure quali fication testing is ro

demonstrate thar r.he mareria ls and mechods prescribed in a procedure specificacion will produce weld jo in! me-chanical propert.ies that meet the application and specifi-cation requirements.

T here are four steps in the qualification of a welding procedure: (1) preparation and we lding of suitable sam-ples; (2) tes t:ing ofrepresenrative specirnens; (3) evaluation

Figure 9.6-!Vlarking a Completed \Ve.ldment

OHAPTER 9- WELDING PROCEDURE ANO WELDER QUALIFICATION

of overall prcparalion, wclding, te~ing, and end results: and (4) approval (if thc re ull'; are fuvom ble). Dctails of thcsc stcps are as follows:

(1) Preparal ion of P mcedure Qua lification Sample Juinl , , Tes( as._-.emblies u. ually have a represenlative joinl in their middle. The ~ize, type, and thickne"'"" .:lre re-lated to lhe lype and thickne. !.. of material to be welded in produ tion a nd lhe number. type . a nd size of specimens lo be removed for le! ting. The materia L;; and weld ing de-ta il.s to be used are governed by lhe particular welding procedure pecification Lhat are lo be quaJi fied.

(2) T~sting uf Prue~durc Q ua lHiea tiun Wclds. Specilied tesls and examination:-. are made on the :-.ample jo nts. The type and number of specimens to be removed for dcsU\lctivc tc:-.IS will dcpcnd upon thc rcquircmcnls of the particular applcalion or specificalion. uch tests may indudc: tcnsilc, bcnd . nick brc..'lk, ChLlrpy, fillct-brcak. cte. Oftcn nondcstruclivc cxamin;itiom, will al o be ap-pli ed. The welding inspector should be ccrtajn that the records . how how lhe procedure qualification weJds were made and tcstcd (scc Figure 9.7).

(3) Ernltmtion of Tc.-.t Rt"-.ul l-. . The te~t re~ul cs for a procedure qualification sample weld , with the record. of joint preparalion, weldng, and testing , should be made available forre iew. These resu lts will be ana lyzed by lhe re.-.ponsible panie~ to detennine whe lhe r lhe test de-tails and resulL'> meet the requirements of the applicable

s~ification . (4) Ap>nwJl uf Q ua lilicali un Tt:sls a nd Procedur~ Sp~c itkalions. As. a rule, 1he inspocLion agcncy or cus-tomcr must approvc lhc proccdun; qualificmion tests, thc test r~-suhs, nnd lhc proccdurc spcci fi cations beforc any producion wclding i~ do~.

Qualification is accomplished when the n:quired tests have been completed and approval has been obtained. However, authentic dcxurnen1ary evidence must be av .. dl-able to shm tha11he joint!> were qua lified as $3tis factory. The welding inspec tor should wi tness the welding and testing ofall ~pecimen~. if po~ ible.

At any time during the use of a qualified procedure, the welding inspeclor may request requaJificaLion of thut procedure. if production use show~ that the procedure is not producing con:-.btently re liable resulLS.

ocle Qualification Rccuirements (1) A \\'S )) J. J. truclllral ll'eldi11g ode-Stee/.

AWS Dl.l covcrs thc wclding of various . tructurcs. in duding buildings, bridge.~. and tubular s tru ctures. This documenc fearures a unique welding procedure concepc referred to a. prequalified weld joiws. A long as the welding is performed in accordanre wilh tre clesign, work-man hip. and technique requirements set forth in the code,

167

uu . - ...,_.,,

(A} FACEBEND (B) ROOT BEND

(C) TENSILE

(O) NICK-BREAK

1 (E) REDUCED TENSILE

F igure 9. 7.......Samplc S pccimens f'o r Destructive Testing

no actual proccduro quali lication tcsting is rcquircd .U~ of procedure~ operating o ubide these prescribed limila-tions will require ac{uaJ qualification testing.

Sample rorms approved by the AWS Structuml Weld-ing Commiuee for recordi ng proeedure qualifications are reproduced in the Annexe:-..

(2) ME Boill'r aud Pressure VL1sse/ Code-Scc-tiun I X. Thi~ document covers lhe welding of pressure ve ' els. Any welding performed in accordance with th is code must be done using welding procedures thal ha ve been qualified Ul>ing the g uideline sel fonh in ASME Scction IX of thal codc, entit led "Wc ldin g and Brazi ng Qualificaon : Tlus codc scction also applcs to qualifi c~ t ion for wcld ing pre~sun.: piping in accordan cc with ASl\llE B3 I, Codefor Press11re Piping.

Unlike the AWS D l. l. ASME Section IX ulways re-quircs proccdure qualfication tcscing. h covers both thc welding and braLi ng of vi11 ually all rypes o con-slr\1Ctio11 alloy. using a wide variety of proces. es.

Documenracion for a welding procedure qualifit:d in accordance wiLh ASME Sec tion IX consists of bolh a

OHAPTEA 9-WELDING PAOCEDURE ANO WELDEA QUALIFICATION

Whcn a wclding n~pcctor i~ working with more than onc codc, it is importanl to comult thc codc fn:qucntly to verify that code's requircments. It is ali too easy to "remember" acode requirement that comes from a different code and is not applicable to your immediate 'ituation. Con,uh the code book oflen.

Welding Procedure Specification (QW.482) and a Proce~ dure Qualification Record (QW-483). Copies of lhese two ormq appear in Annex B.

(3 API l l04. umdard for Weldi11g Pipeliues atul Related FaciWies. Thc wcllling of cross

CHAPTER 9-WELDING PROCEDUAE ANO WELDER QUALIFICATION

pcrsonnel wiJI nonnally produce acceptabl' welds undcr cvcry producon condon. For thal reason. complelc rc-liancc should nol be placed on qualificaon tcsting of welders. welding opcr:uors. and braicr~. Produclion welds. and braze_ should be inspected bo1h during and aftcr the actual \\e lding.

Tesis prescribed by mos1 codes. spec lications, and governing n.iles a~ similar, for the mos t part. The mool common lypes of tests will be de cribed for the follow-ing applications: plale and structural member welding, pipe welding. ~h~-el metal welding. and brazin g.

In additon, variou test rnethods used to examine the qualificmion te..'>t welds or bmze joinL will be dh.cussed. Another fa tor that has a great impacL on the abilty of a wcldcr or brazcr to produce a satisfactory weld or bmzc is thc posicion in which Lhc test is performed. which de-pcnds on thc position, or position . . in whch production wclding or brazing L-. done.

(1) Platc ;rnd Scruclu rnl l\lcmhcr Wclding. Qualifi -cation requirements for welclcrs of plate and structural parts usually have the welder or welding operator make one or more test weld. on phue or pipe in accordance wilh the requiremenL-; oflhe qualified welding procedure (:see Figures 9.8-9. 13). Each qualftcation weld h tesloo in a ~cilic manner, ofien both de!".truct ively and nonde~ u11ct ely. The requiremeni pre cribe tJte Lhickne _es of material and the test pru.itoni. that qualfy for production work.

Othcr dctails covcr groovc wcld' with or wi thout backing and 1he dircction or welding whcn welding in thc vcrcal ..ilion.

(2) Pit>c \\'cldiu~. Qualification rcquircmcnts or wclding pipe diffcr from thosc for wclding piare and wuc1ural mcmber.;. mainly in thc type of te. t assemblics nd test po. itions. Anolher major diference with pipe welding is the fncl that oftcn lherc is no pntctical acces-;; to the root surfaQ!, requiring the use o some backing ring, con~rnable insert, or the production of a one-side weld wlh an open root (no back.ing). This procedure also m:uires more s kill than is needed for the weldng of plate or truclUral joints wilh bacldng.

To simulate the difficullie of producti on welding, the pipe weld quali fication tests utilize pipe coupons that are wcldcd in lhc posilion. or po:-itiong. for which thc wcldcr wishcs lo be qualincd. Th~rc may also be spacc rcstric-tion.s placed on Lhc wcldcr during the te:-.t that mea:-.ure:-. Lhc individual's ability to produce u salisfactory wcld in

loc~tions where joinl acc1,..-s i limilcd (scc Figure 9.14-9.16).

(3) Shccl Mclal Wclding. TI1e wdding of sheet metal requ in:s special sk ill~ . because 1he 1hi11 members cend 10 meh mpidly, and can r~ult in burning hales ra1her than joining parl together. Consequently, the qualification tests examine Lhe ability of the welder to produce sound

169

welds in thcsc Lhn sheet metal thicknesses. Note thal ali codcs place limiis oo the m.inimum thicknc se:-. that a wcldcr can wcld in production. Oftcn , che mnimum thickncs qualificd is lhat thickncss u.cd during qualifi-cation (see Table 9.1).

(4) Bra.,Jng.. Like welders, brazers also requi~ sorne type ofqualfication testing. The test usually consisL-: of the produclion of sorne type of jonl arrnngemenl thul _., po ' itiof'll!d in a manner imilar to that expected in pro duction. The e alualion of the test results is normally accomplished by cross sect ioning the brazed joint and measuring the amount of bonding results.

(5) Po ilions o \Ycldin~ ;111d Bnizin~. Wekler and bra.zer quaJificalion te:;ls usually musl be made in lhe most difficult positions to be encountered in production (for cxamplc. vertical, horizontal , and overhcad), if thc produaion work involvcs ochcr than flat posidon weld-ing and bmz.ing. Qualificacion in a more difficult position usuully quulifics for wclding or brazing in lcss difficuh positions: e.g., qualilication in the vertical. horiz.onlL or overhead positions u. ually quallies for welding or braz-ing in the na1 po!.ition. Also, qua! ilication te su; on groo e welds will normally qualify that welder for the production of fillet welds in the same pos.ition. The code in force will dictate the exact limits on production we ld ing and brazing position , depending (X'I the qualification test posi-tion(s) (seeFigurei. 9.17 and 9. 18).

(6) Tel>ting of Qua.lilkution Wddo; and Braz~. Ali codcs and pecifications have definile rules for tcstng qualifica.on w~ld:rnnd braz.e . Most frequenlly. for welds. mcchanical bcnd t

CHAPTEA 9-WELDING PROCEDURE ANO WELDER QUALI FICATION

SIOE BENO SPECIMEN

1 in,-! (25mm)~ ~

1 in. 1 in. (25 mm)

(25 mm)

DIRECT10N OF ROLLING OPTIONAL

~

Notes: 1. When rad1ography Is used for testing, no tack

welds shalJ be n test area. 2. TM backing thiekness shall be 114 n. (6 mm) rnin

6 in.

10 318 in. (10 mm) max; backing width shall be 3 in. (75 mm) min when not removed for radiography, otherwise 1 in. (25 mm) min.

Figure 9.8-li t Plate for Unlimited Thickne - \ Velder Qualitication

(150 mm) MIN r OIRECT10N OF ROLUNG

. OPTIONAL

SIDE BEND SPECIMEN

Notes: 1. When radiography is used for testing,

no 1ack wetds aal be in test area. 2~ The backng thlckness shall be 114 rn. (6 mm) mln

to 318 in. (1 O mm) max; backing width shall be 3 in, (75 mm) min When not removed tor rad!ography, olherwise 1 in. (25 mm) min.

Figure 9.9- 0ptional Test Plaf.e for nJimited Thickncss-IJorizontal Posi tion - Weldcr Qualitication

170

318 in._, (10 mm}

OHAPTER 9- WELDING PROCEDURE ANO WELDER QUALIFICATION

7 in. (180 mm) MIN

Notes: 1. When radlography is used for testing, no taek welds

shalt be in test area. 2. Tlle backng thickncss shal be 1/4 in. (6 mm) min 10

318 in, (10 mm) max; backing width shall be 3 in. (75 mm) min wtten not removed for radiograplly, otherwise 1 in. {25 mm) min.

Figure 9.10~ .. Te t Platc for Lirnitcd Thickncss~ 11 Po itiotlS~\Vcldcr Qualification

6 n. (150 mm) MIN

1 in. (25 mm)

l DIRECTION OF AOLLJNG OPTlONAL

Notes: 1 , When radiography is used for tesUng, no tack welds

shal be in 10$! area. 2, Ttle backing thiokness shall be 1/4 in. (6 mm) min to

318 in. (10 mm) max; backing w1d1h shal b 3 in. (75 mm) min when not removed for radiography. otherwise 1 in. {25 mm) min.

Figure 9.11- 0ptional TcstPlatc for Limitcd Tbkkncss-Horizontal Position- \\'elder Qualifkation

17 1

CHAPTER 9-WELDING PROCEDURE ANO WELDER QUAUFICATION

FTLLETWELO BREAK SPECIMEN

4in, {100mm) MIN

112 in. (12 mm)

MIN

r ~-3 ;n. (75 mm) MIN DISCARD

CUT LINE

5/16 in. (8 mm)

Figure 9.12-Fillet Wcld Break and lacroetch Test Platc-\VeJder Qualification- Optioo 1

Rctcst Whe11 do welders or welding operawrs req11ire re1e.r1-

ing? Some of the circumstances are as follows :

Failure of Lhe intial te,,.,t welds. A signficant change in the we lding procedure. An ab~nce from welding, i.e ., a welder has not been

engaged in a panicular welding process for an ex-tended period (usually thrcc to six months).

A rea.son cxists 10 qucsion a welder's or weldi ng op-crator - ubilil y.

Rcfcr lo lhc applicablc codc or spcci ficaton or thc specific~ of such re le~ is.

odc Rcquircmcnt. (1 ) AWS Dl.1. S1r11c111ral Welding Code~ teel. The

AWS Dl.l requires that all welders1 welding operators, anti tackers to be employed under this code sha ll have

172

been qualificd by te~t- us ~ix:cified in Section 4. Thc tests are oftcn admini tered by lhe weldin g inspector. If the welder, welding operator, or tacker has previously dem-onsrrated his qualification under other acreptable super vision , lhe welding inspec tor may ascertain lhal fucl and then con ider Lhe applicant qualified for the prese nljob.

(2) ASME Builer al

L (NOTE 1)

t 1-1/2 in. (40 mm) j

CHAPTER 9- WELDING PROCEDURE ANO WELDER OUALI FICATION

DI RECTION OF ROLLING (OPTIONAL)

- ------ - -----

__[1-1/2 In. (40 mm)

r 1 in. (25 mm) ROOT SENO SPECIMEN fl

= fj 1 1~ ROOT SENO SPECIMEN ~1 ;0 (25 mmJ

- - - - - -- - - - - - - l1-i/2in. (40 mm)

THESE EDGES MAY BE THERMAL-CUT AND MAY OR MAY NOT BE MACHINED.--

1 15/16 in~ (24 mmr-1 ~ 3in, =---1

(75 mm) MIN ~3,n, ~

(75 mm) MIN

t 1-1/2 In. (40mm)

t

RADIUS 1/8 in. (3 mm) MAX

THE PORTION BETWEEN FILLETWELDS MAY BE WELDED IN ANY POSITION. r 318 In. (10 mm} --~~~~~~ ...... r=~~~~~~~---

f ....1 MAXIMUM SIZE SINGLE AT LEAST 318 }C 2 in. (10 X 50 mm) IF RADIOGRAPHY IS USED,

THEN USE AT LEAST 318 x 3 in. (10 x 75 mm) BACKING. PASS FILLET WELD 318 In. (10 mm)

THE BACKING SHALL SE IN INTIMATE CONTACT WITH THE BASE METAL. THE WELD REI FORCEMENT ANO THE BACKING SHALL BE REMOVED FLUSH WITH THE BASE METAL THERMAL CUTTING MAY BE USEO FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE MAJOR PART OF THE BACKING. PROVIDED AT LEAST 118 in, (3 mm) OF ITS THICKNESS IS LEFT TO BE REMOVED BY MACHINING OR GRINDING.

NOTE 1: L= 7 ln_(125 mm) MIN (WELDER), l:: 15 in. (380 mm) MIN (WELDING OPERATOR).

figure 9.13-Fillet \Veld Root Bend Test Pla te-\Velder Q ualifica tion- Option 2

173

CHAPTER 9-WELOING PROCEDURE AND WELDER QUonsib le for admin-

ist~ring thc t\..~1s, orsimply rcvicwing thc documcntation to dell!rrn ine if the qua1ificatio~ are appli cable and accurate.

The mOSt imponant aspect of the welding in-;pector's j ob wi1h regard to quali ficaLion is the evaluation of pro-duet ion we lding 10 deierm ine wheiher the procedures and welders who use them are producing weld o f aca ceptable quality.

/

/

(A) TEST POSITtON 1 F FOR FLAT POSITION (ROTATED)

CHAPTER 9=-WEUJING PROCEDURE ANO WELDER OUALIFICATlON

(B) ES'T POSl110N 2F FOR HORIZONTAL POSnlON (FIXEO)

(O) TEST POSITION 4F FOR OVERHEAD POSITION (FIXEO)

(C) TEST POSITION 2F FOR HORIZONTAL POSITION (ROTATEO)

_ITTP7&_ . ....... . . ~

( E) TEST POSITION SF FOR MULTIPLE POSITION (FIXED)

Figure 9.lS- Positions of Test Pipes or 1ubing for Fil1ct \Vclds

175

CHAPTEA 9-WELDING PAOCEDUAE ANO WELDEA QUAUFICATION

PIPE HORIZONTAL ANO ROTATEO. WELO FLAT (:15). OEPOSIT FILLER METAL AT ORNEAR THE TOP.

15 15

(A) TEST POSITION 1G AOTATED

PIPE OR TUBE VERTICAL AND NOT ROTATEO DURING WELDING. WELD HORIZONTAL. (15),

(B) TEST POSITlON 2G 1s 15

PIPE OR TUBE HORIZONTAL FIXED (:15) ANO NOT ROTATED DURING WELDING, WELD FlAT, VERTICAL, OVERHEAO.

(C) TEST POSITION SG

PIPE INCUNATION FIXED (45" :t.5") ANO NOT ROTATED DURING WELDING,

(D) TEST POSl'TION 6G

RESTRICTION RING

(E) TEST POSITlON 6GR (T, Y OR K-CONNECTIONS)

Figure 9.16--Positions of Test Pipe or Tubing for Groovc Welds

176

OHAPTER 9- WELDING PROCEDURE ANO WELDER QUALIFICATION

Table 9.1 Welder Performance Qualification Tests1

Po~lion Qua! ifi cd 'fy pe of Welded 'fype

Test A&.~mblics Shown in Figure: Joinr Tesred of Te.~1 Tc~cd Qualificd Weldcd Joint Thi e J..."J1C s s

9. 1 Sq uareg roove Bend F F Square-groove we.ld ll1ickness

11 weld in butt H F. H in bun joint- !'Jleet testee! ~ joi nl- s hea V F, 1-1, V m sheet to sheet OH F. H. OH }

9.2A F llet weld in Iap Bend F F Fillet weld in lap Th icknesl>

~ j oint- !ll!el LO H F. H joint- l>hee1 to 11:'!. tecl a nd / !.hect V F. H , V shee t. and :.hecL Lo tl'i.icker

+ ()..._ OH F. H. OH supponing st1t1cru r.:il ~ mcmter

9.2A Fillct wcld in l11p Bcnd F F Fillct wcld in lap Thiclrness

~ V j oint---shect to H F. H joint- sheet to tcsted and supponing V F, H. V suppoli lng st ructu rnl rhicker

{ srruauml membe1 OH F, H. OH member 9.2A Fi lleL wehl in Bend F F Fillet. weld in T- or 1l1 ickn ess

[l T-jolnr-sheeL to H F, H lap joi nt-s heet to Lested a nd sheet V F, H , V sh~l :i nd shee t to lhicker V OH F. H. OH ~upporting ~truc luntl member ~ }

9.3A Flarcwbcvel - Bcnd F F Aarc-bevcl-g_roove Thickncss

~ g_roove weld- H F.H weld-sheet to teste~upportng s truc- OH F, H, OH member 1 ~ ~ tura! mem ber '\.

t t l'\'ote l: 1\\'0 ICSl.'i .shall be requi red or C

CHAPTER 9--WELDING PROCEDURE ANO WELDER QLV\LIFICATION

Table 9.1 (Continued) Posilion Qualified

l}'pc or Wcldcd 'fype Test Assemblics Shown in Figure: Joint Teste9.3C Flure-V-groove Bend F F Flure-V~ roove Thickness weld-sheet to H F.H we Id-sheet to sheet tested and

_/ _) \.. sheet V F, H, V and tlare-bevel- thicker OH F, H, OH groove we1d- sJ1eet ~ ~, f' to sheet and sheet to su pporting

structural member

,..,. """

9.4 Are spOl wdd- Torsion F f Are Spol and ~ Thicknll'>s

~ ~~ o sheet LO su ppo1t - sear weld-shoo.c to l:Sti.J ing ~ truc 1ural supponing s1ruc1ural memt:c r mcmrer { ..... 1 ... 1 ... } 9.SA Are seam \li'eld- Bend F F A re seam weld- Thickness

I~ tj: sheet to s.upport sheet to supporting tested ing strucrural structural me mber member ~ 1 .._ L } 9.SB Are seam weld- Bend H H Are seam weld- Thiclrness

sheet co shooc. sheet 10 hect 1ested !"'\ ::g: -

H ....

r "'..1 \.. 1

9.6 Are plug weld- Tor!iion F F Are plug weld- Th ic:kness

'- i~ ~ sheet to !'ll pport- H F.H sheel to sheet and testee! lng mucru ral V F. H, V sheet to supponing member OH F. H. OH st ru c;tu ral me mber { 1 f

178

PLATES HORIZONTAL

(A)TEST POSmON 1G

PLATES VERTICAL; AXISOFWELD VERTICAL

(C) TEST POSITtON 3G

CHAPTER 9-WELOING PAOCEDURE AND WELDEA QUALIFJCATION

PLATES VERTICAL; AXISOFWELD HORIZONTAL

(B)TEST POSITION 2G

PLATES HORIZONTAL

(O) TEST POSITION 4G

Figure 9.17- Pouitions of Test Platcs or G 100Ye \Vclds

179

CHAPTEA 9-WELDING PAOCEDURE AND WELDER QUAU FICATION

THROAT OF WELO VERTICAL

(A) FLAT POSITION 1F

AXIS OF WELD VERTICAL

AXISOFWELD HORIZONTAL

(C) VERTICAL POSITION SF

AXl$0FWELD HORI ZONTAL ~..,..

NOTE: ONE PLATE MUST BE HORIZONTAL

(B) HORJZONTAL POSITION 2F

AXISOF WELD HORIZONTAL

--....

....

NOTE: ONE PLATE MUST BE HORIZONTAL

(O) OVERHEAO POSITION 4F

Figure 9.18- Positions of Test Pipes for Fillct \Vclds

180

CHAPTER 9=-WELOING PROCEDURE AND WELDER OUALIFICATION

Review-Chapter 9- \!Velding Procedure and \.Veldcr Qualification Q9-l \Vho i normally re. ponsiblc for thc qualificnrion of wclding proccdures and weldcrs?

a. welder b. archi1cct c. weldcr's employer d . i ndependcnl te~n lab e. code body

Q9-.2 Which of lhe following destructive testing methods may be used for procedure quaJilication lesting? a. lensile b. nick-break c. Charpy d. bcnd c. aJI of thc abovc

Q93 What is thc pipe wclding position in wllich lhc pipe rcmain fLX

CHAPTEA 9-WELOING PAOCEDURE ANO WELDER Ol.LA.UFICATION

Q98 What docu mcnt describes lhc rcqu irc rrcnts of wc lder quli fication in accordancc w ith ASME'? a . ASME CCliOn m b. A ME Sccton 11. Part A c. ASME Scction IX d. ASME Scction XI e. AS"ME Section V

Q9-9 Qualifie