Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08
description
Transcript of Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08
![Page 1: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Welcome to World History
Today is 9/20/08
Daily kickoff- list five facts you know about the Indus River Valley
Civilization.
![Page 2: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• An Interesting Fact• The civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt left behind
many artifacts as well as a written language that could be translated; however historian know less about this region because their language has never been translated
The Geography• Indian Subcontinent
• Refers to the landmass of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh• Means a large area of land that is part of a continent but
is also seperated from the continent
Indus River Valley
![Page 3: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
India• Rivers, Mountains, and Plains
• The Indus Valley natural barriers helped to shield the lands from invasions• Himalayas and the Arabian sea• Fertile plain is formed by the Indus River (southwest) and the
Ganges• Rivers produce water for irrigation as well as silt for rich land• Lower India occupied by the Thar Desert
• Monsoons• A wind that changes direction can also mean a heavy rain
• Storms bring moisture so much that they cause floods• Can cause droughts in the summer– lack of moisture
• Environmental Challenges• Yearly floods of rich soil
• Unpredictable• Rivers change course
![Page 4: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Civilization Emerges on the Indus• Earliest Arrivals
• Historians do know that farming along the Indus Valley took place by about 3200B.C, because of the discoveries of the Harappan civilization
• Planned cities• About 2500 B.C. the Harappan civilization made strategic grid
maps and mazes of the cities• Engineers also created sophisticated plumbing systems and the
organization suggest that there was a strong central government• Harappan Planning
• Built city on mud brick• To protect from flooding
• Built areas called citadels• Protect the royal family• Served as a temple
India
![Page 5: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Harappan Culture• Language
• They did have a written language, but one that has been impossible to decifer
• It is found on stamps and seals
• Culture• Animals were a major part of culture• Clay and wooden children toys
• Trade• Conducted thriving trade with region
• Gold and silver came from north of Afghanistan• Used the Indus River as a means of transportation for the trade of
goods
• Role of Religion• Theocracy • Some signs of Hinduism
India
![Page 6: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Indus Valley Culture Ends• Gradually fell into decay• Shifts of tectonic plates shift
• Earthquakes and floods
India
![Page 7: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Basic Beliefs of Hinduism
![Page 8: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hinduism: Complex Religion• No Founder – always existed
• No SINGLE sacred Text• Vedas• Upanishads:
![Page 9: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Brahman• All-powerful, spiritual force
• “God is one, but wise people know it by many names”
• Brahman is not separate from the entire universe and all things within the universe
![Page 10: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Polytheistic or Monotheistic?• Hinduism belief in “god” does not fit neatly into the
framework of monotheism or polytheism
• Brahman takes on many forms
• Hindus worship many different “gods” they believe they are all just forms of Brahman.
• Brahman is all existence
![Page 11: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3 main forms of Brahman1) Brahma: Creator
![Page 12: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2. Vishnu: Preserver
![Page 13: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Shiva: Destroyer
![Page 14: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Atman• Hindus believe that all people have a soul or Atman.
They believe that this Atman is part of Brahman
![Page 15: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Moksha• The ultimate goal is to reach Moksha
• Moksha means salvation or oneness with Brahman
• Union of your soul with Brahman
• Free yourself of selfish desires
• Ends cycle of Reincarnation
![Page 16: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Reincarnation• Rebirth of soul in another body
• SAMSARA: the cycle of reincarnation• It is the ultimate goal to be released from Samsara• The only way to be released is to achieve Moksha
![Page 17: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A view of Samsara
![Page 18: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Dharma• Religious and moral duties of an individual.
• Each individual in society is expected to follow their Dharma
![Page 19: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ashramas• Dharma instructs people about responsibilities in each
stage of life
• These stages are called Ashramas• Student• Householder• Forest Dweller• Renouncer
![Page 20: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Karma• Karma is based on the belief that every action has an
effect
• Good deeds leave a positive imprint and bad deeds leave a negative one
• When a person gives off a lot good Karma during life they can be reborn at a higher point and move closer to Moksha.
![Page 21: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Welcome to World History• Today is 8/22/08 TGIF
• Take the first 10 minutes to look over your notes
• Agenda• Quiz• Caste System Activity
![Page 22: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Quick Quiz• Write down the question and your answer
• What was the first civilization to settle in Mesopotamia?
• Name the two rivers that created a fertile crescent in Mesopotamia.
• Did they have a form of writing? If so what was the name of it?
• Why did Mesopotamia suffer so many invasions?
• What river flows through Egypt?
• Does Egypt have natural barriers?
• Describe Egypt's religion with one word.
• Name two similarities and two differences of Mesopotamia and Egypt.
![Page 23: Welcome to World History Today is 9/20/08](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cb7550346895da6612f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Caste System • “Clean Caste”
• Brahmans- priest, holy men• Kshatriyas-kings, warriors, soldiers• Vaishyas- Businessmen, traders, commercial class• Shudras- farmers, producers, peasants
“The Untouchables”-down bad in an life before- have to do dirty work like , like dealing with animals, dead bodies, and trash.