Welcome to Unit Two AP-362 Kaplan University
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Transcript of Welcome to Unit Two AP-362 Kaplan University
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Welcome to Unit TwoAP-362
Kaplan University
Introduction to Astrophysics
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Wrong slide???
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What’s Due This Week?
• This week (Unit), you will be completing the following assignments:
• The Unit #2 Discussion Board• The Unit #2 Quiz• The Unit #2 Live Seminar or the 300-word Alternate
Essay Assignment
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E
PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger
©2007 Pearson Education, Inc.
3
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Unit Two- CJ101
The Crime Picture
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Grading Tips for the Live Seminars
• Arrive BEFORE the scheduled start time (5 minutes?)
• Stay on topic• Avoid side conversations• Participate (post) regularly during the hour• Avoid posts such as “I agree”, “Good point”,
“Nice answer”, etc.
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Grading Tips for the Live Seminars• Make good posts: “ I believe the 4th
Amendment is the most important because it protects use against unreasonable searches”.
• Don’t log out of the seminar early• While I may not be able to respond to each
comment posted, I do review the seminar log when evaluating your level or participation for your grade.
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Just in case!• Each Unit/Week begins on Wednesday and
ends the following Tuesday @ 12:00 midnight, ET.
• I have until the following Sunday to enter your grades into the Gradebook (I try to post them sooner)
• You can NEVER make up a missed quiz!
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• Each Unit has a Discussion Board Question• Must post a 100 word answer to that question
as early in the week as possible.• Must post at least two additional100-word
quality reply to other students by Tuesday, midnight, ET
• Spelling, punctuation, and grammar do count
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Alternate Seminar Essays• For students that missed the Thursday
evening Seminar, you can still make up the lost points by completing the 300-word alternate seminar essay assignment. The essay should be a summary of the unit topic, and you can review the archived file in the KHE Seminar window.
• To access the Seminar Archive….
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Select “Enter KHE Seminar” from the remote window the appears when you first enter the
Kaplan website.
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Select the correct date for the missed Seminar (listed by Year/Month/Day) by clicking on it with your mouse.
Click on the “Load Class” button and the seminar will load and play for your review.
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Terminology
• Violent Crime– Crimes against people that are violent in nature
• Property Crime– Crimes committed against property
• Clearance Rates– Number of crimes reported versus number of
crimes solved
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Crime Statistics
• Provide an overview of crime in this country• Decision makers use crime statistics to – Evaluate existing programs– Plan new legislation– Design new programs– Determine needs
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Sources of Crime Statistics
• Uniform Crime Report (UCR)* Crimes reported to police
• National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)* Crimes reported by victims
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Uniform Crime Report
• Since 1930, FBI has been compiling statistics on crimes known to police
• Police departments (about 16,000) voluntarily submit data
• FBI puts data into the Crime Index
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What is the Crime Index?
• Measures Part 1 offenses of the UCR• Gives crime rate number and comparisons for
regions, dates, crimes
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Part 1 Offences (8)
• MurderThe unlawful killing of another human being.
● Least likely of the part 1 crimes ● Most likely to be cleared
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Part 1 Offences (8)
• Forcible RapeSexual relations with another by force and/or
without consent ● Least reported of all crimes ● Under UCR, only includes rapes of females Rape is broken down into a variety of categories
(sexual battery, statutory rape, date rape)
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Part 1 Offenses (8)
• RobberyThe unlawful taking or attempted taking of the property of another in the presence of the victim with the use of threat or force
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Part 1 Offenses (8)
• Aggravated AssaultThe unlawful, intentional inflicting or attempting to inflict serious bodily harm or injury of another● Assaults broken down into 2 categories
SimpleAggravated
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Part 1 Offenses (8)
• Theft/LarcenyThe unlawful taking or attempting to take the
property of another with the intent to permanently deprive the other
● often not reported because loses are small ● includes trains, planes, boats, most farm
equipment
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Part 1 Offenses (8)
• Motor Vehicle TheftThe theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle
● motor vehicle is anything that is a self propelled road vehicle that runs on land surface and not on rails
● high reporting rates/low clearance rates
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Part 1 Offenses (8)
• BurglaryThe unlawful entry of a dwelling to commit a felony
or theft
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Part 1 Offenses (8)
• ArsonMalicious, intentional burning of a structure.
●damage must occur
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Property v. Person
PropertyTheft
Motor Vehicle TheftBurglary
Arson
PersonMurder
Forcible RapeRobbery
Aggravated Assault
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Part II Offenses
• All crimes except Part 1 crimes and traffic offenses
• Less serious crimes– Fraud– Vandalism– DUI– Gambling
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The New UCR
• To enhance the quantity, quality and timeline of crime data collection the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is being created
• Will look at every single crime that is committed
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The New UCR
• Advantages– Looks at all crimes– More accurate– Differentiates between attempt and commission
of a crime– Collect weapon information– Restructures assault and rape
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National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
• Began in 1972 to discover the “dark figure of crime”
• Based on victims self reporting crimes• Gathered by the US Bureau of Justice Statistics• Include 6 Part 1 crimes (not arson or murder)
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UCR v. NCVSHow are they the same
Both provide crime estimates
Both limit types of crimes
Both limit how they collect info
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UCR v. NCVSHow are they different
• NCVS crimes are reported by victims. May not have been reported to police
• NCVS looks at household crimes (total crimes per household, not person)
• NCVS polls more people
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Crime typology
• Classification of crimes along a particular dimension– Legal categories– Offender motivation– Victim/offender characteristics
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Crimes against women
• Crimes in which a women is the victim• Crimes committed specifically targets women• Usually crimes of violence– Rape– Domestic abuse– Stalking
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Crimes against elderly
• Crimes committed against elderly people• Victim and offender usually strangers• Both property and violent crimes• Abuse/neglect by caregivers/family• Often victims of theft/fraud schemes
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Hate Crimes
• Crimes which there is evidence of prejudice bases on race, color, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion
• Hate crimes are punished more severely
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Corporate & White Collar Crimes
• Corporate– Violation of statute by a corporate identity (those acting
on behalf of a corporation)– “crime in the suits” – Usually non-violent
• White Collar Crimes– Unlawful activity of members of highly organized group– Usually they supply illegal goods and services
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Gun Crime
• The 2nd Amendment provides the Constitutional right to bear arms
• Approximately 1 million serious crimes committed a year involve the use of handguns
• Public concern has lead to creation of new laws regarding firearms– The Brady Handgun Bill (1994)
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Drug Crime
• Drugs and Crime– Drug crimes not accounted for by UCR or NCVS– Over ½ of inmates admit to being under the
influence of drugs/alcohol when they committed their offense
– Using drugs/alcohol leads to other crimes
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High Technology and Computer Crime
• Computer Crime– Any crime perpetrated through the use of a computer
• Software piracy– Unauthorized duplication of software and other data
• Computer virus– A computer program designed to secretly invade other
systems and alter the information/how they operate
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Terrorism
• No single definition• In general, defined as:– a violent act or an act dangerous to human life
committed in violation of criminal laws to intimidate to coerce a government or civilian population
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The Cost of Crime
• Crime costs individuals about $17.6 billion dollars a year
• That doesn’t include time lost from work, medical expenses
• Commercial costs about $1.2 billion dollars a year• State, local and federal expenditures total over $147
billion (investigation-prosecution)
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Classifications of Crime
• Define Felony crimes…..
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Classifications of Crime
• Define Felony crimes…..
A felony crime is any crime that carries, upon conviction, a prison sentence of more than 1 year, and/or a fine that is equal to or exceeds $5,000.00
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Classifications of Crime
• Define Misdemeanor crimes…..
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Classifications of Crime
• Define Misdemeanor crimes…..
A Misdemeanor crime is any crime that carries, upon conviction, a jail sentence of less then 1 year, and/or a fine that is equal to or less than $1,000.00