Welcome to Today’s exciting topic…. Classification 101 This and That Father of Classification...
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Transcript of Welcome to Today’s exciting topic…. Classification 101 This and That Father of Classification...
Welcome to Welcome to
TodayToday’’s exciting s exciting topic….topic….
Classification 101
This and That
Father of Classificat
ion
What’s In A Name?
Name That Kingdom!
Picture This!
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PowerPoint Jeopardy
Organisms that are best suited to their environment will most likely survive, reproduce and pass these traits on to their offspring. This principle is known by what name?
What scientist first proposed this idea?
Natural Selection
Charles Darwin
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Who was the first person to attempt the classification
of the living organisms on Earth?
Aristotle
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Aristotle classified all animals into what
three groups?
He classified all plants into what three groups?
Animals•Land dwellers•Water dwellers•Air dwellers
Plants• herbs• shrubs• trees
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This branch of biology classifies
organisms and assigns each organism a
universally accepted name.
Taxonomy
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This is a new system of classification that uses “shared derived characteristics” to show evolutionary relationships.
Cladistics
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What was the problem with the system of
classification proposed by Aristotle?
Many organisms were placed in groups in which there was
no relationship with the other organisms found there.
Air dwellers: Birds, bats, flying squirrels, and
insects would be classified together, but they are not very closely related to one
another.Back to Game Board
What is the problem with using common names when classifying living
organisms?
Common names are very misleading and very
confusing.
For example: “Starfish” are neither stars nor
fish.
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The study of the evolutionary
relationships among organisms is known
as:
Phylogeny
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What name is given to structures that are similar in structure
but different in function?
Given an example.
Homologous structures
The arm of a human is homologous to the wing
of a bat.
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A structure that is reduced in size, and
seems to be “left over” from a previous
ancestor is called a?
Give an example.
Vestigial structure
Example: The human appendix
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What scientist was the first to attempt
a scientific classification of
living organisms in the 1700’s?
On what did he base his system of
classification?
Carolus Linnaeus
His system was based on structural similarity.
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How many kingdoms were in this early system of classification?
What were these kingdoms?
Linnaeus classified all organisms into two kingdoms: the plant kingdom and
the animal kingdom.
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Name the seven levels of
classification in the system proposed by Linnaeus.
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus
SpeciesBack to Game Board
In the system proposed by
Linnaeus, what is the definition of
a “species”?
Two organisms are placed in the same species when they
can mate and produce fertile offspring.
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When classifying an organism today, what additional information is considered?
Cellular OrganizationEvolutionary RelationshipsBiochemical Similarities
Genetic SimilaritiesEmbryological Similarities
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The system of naming that assigns a scientific name consisting of two
parts.
Binomial Nomenclature
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What are the two parts to the
scientific name?
The scientific name consists of the genus and the species
names.
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In what language is the scientific name written?
Latin
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Describe the way that the
scientific name must be written.
The scientific name must be written in
italics or underlined. The
genus is capitalized and the species is never capitalized.
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What taxonomic level has most recently been added to the 7 levels of classification?
Domains
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Name the three domains.
Domain ArchaebacteriaDomain BacteriaDomain Eukarya
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Name the kingdoms that belong to the
Domain Eukarya.
Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Fungi
Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Animalia
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Which kingdom contains organisms with the following characteristics?
• prokaryotic• unicellular• cell walls do not contain peptidoglycans•very ancient and primitive
KingdomArchaebacteria
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Which kingdom contains organisms with the following characteristics?
• Eukaryotic• Cell walls composed of chitin• No chloroplasts• Heterotrophs
Kingdom Fungi
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Which kingdom contains organisms with the following characteristics?
• Eukaryotic• No cell walls• No chloroplasts• Multicellular• Heterotrophs
KingdomAnimalia
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The thermophiles that live in these cauldrons of boiling water, belong
to which domain and kingdom?
Domain ArchaeaKingdom
Archaebacteria
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These organisms belong to which
domain and kingdom?
Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi
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These organisms belong to which
domain and kingdom?
Domain EukaryaKingdom Plantae
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These organisms belong to which
domain and kingdom?
Domain EukaryaKingdom Protista
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These organisms belong to which
domain and kingdom?
E. coli Strep
Domain BacteriaKingdom Eubacteria
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