Welcome to the CLU-IN Internet Seminar...Things to Avoid When Sampling withAcrylic Soil Core Liners...

 

 

Welcometo theCLU-IN Internet Seminar

ERTP Presents13 Soil Sampling and Analysis for Volale Organic Compounds (VOCs)13 Sponsored by EPA Office of Superfund Remediagton and Technology Innovagton

(OSRTI) 13 Delivered Thursday September 21 2017 1 PM EDT (1700 GMT)13

Instructors13 bull Eric WaO Geologist Tetra Tech ericwaOtetratechcom13

Moderator 13 bull Jean Balent Environmental Scienst USEPA Office of Superfund Remediaon and Technology Innovaon13 balentjeanepagov 13

Visit the Clean Up Informa3on Network online at wwwcluinorg

September 21 2017 131313 Soil Sampling and Analysis for VOCs13 113

DISCLAIMER

NoceThispresentaonhasbeenprovidedaspartof aUS Environmental Protecon Agency webinar The document does not

constute EPA policy Menon of trade names or commercial products does not constute endorsement or recommendaon for use Links to non-EPA web sites do not imply any official EPA endorsement of or a responsibility fortheopinions ideas data orproducts presented at those locaonsor guarantee the validityof the informaonprovided Links to non-EPA servers are provided solely as a pointer to informaon

that might be useful to EPA staff and the public


 

 

 

ERTP Presentshellip Webinars

bull The Environmental Response Training Program (ERTP) will sponsor ldquoERTP Presentshelliprdquo on EPArsquos Contaminated Site Clean-Up Informaon (CLU-IN) website (wwwclu-inorg) 13

bull Various topics relevant to EPA staff and other federal and state partners will be presented in webinar sessions

bull Visit hOpclu-inorglive for up to date informaon and to register13

13


  

 

   

Soil Sampling and Analysis for VolaleOrganicCompounds(VOCs)

bull Whyndash Precise characterizaon of volale organic compounds (VOCs) in soil is oeen crical since decisions for remediaon are based on analycal measurement 13

ndash Unfortunately the acts of collecng and storing soil can subject soils to numerous variables that can alter VOC concentraons 13 bull Volalizaon 13

bull Biodegradaon 13

bull Other loss of VOCs in the sample13


13

   

 

TodayrsquosWebinarTopics

bull The collecon of high-quality soil samples for VOCs13 bull Best pracces for sampling techniques to minimize the loss of VOCs13

bull The advantages and disadvantages of soil sampling devices such as Encore and TerraCore samplers13

13

EPA ERT SOP 2012 ldquoSoil Samplingrdquo13

13 September 21 2017 131313 Soil Sampling and Analysis for VOCs13 513

 

 

Good Soil VOCData Beginswith Good SamplingPracces

bull As with all environmental samples the laboratory data are only as good as the samples collected in the field13

bull When it comes to sampling soils for VOCs everything we do from the me the soil cores are retrieved to the preparaon of the sample for shipment can affect VOC recovery and sample quality13


 

 

 

 

Good Soil VOCData Beginswith Good SamplingPracces (continued)

bull Soil samples for VOCs can show significant losses within seconds to minutes of opening soil cores13

bull Handling cores and sample preparaon methods can contribute to addional losses13

bull Using a sampling method that does not maintain VOCs during sample collecon shipment and during the hold before analysis adds to the problem13

bull Do not collect composite or ISM samples for VOCs13 13


Handlingof SamplesWhen aSoilCore Liner isOpened

Managing sampling from a soil core can be a complex situaon - stability of VOCs in the core depends on factors such as 13

1 Whether the soil is consolidated (eg clay ll) or unconsolidated (eg sand gravel)13

2 Time that the core is open or exposed before sampling (off-gassing)13 3 Moisture content of the soil13

4 Disturbance of integrity of the core13 5 Ambient temperature13

6 Heat generated by the soil coring method (eg sonic drilling)13


 

 

VOCLosshellip

Analyte compound list 13 bull Heavier VOCs are less likely to be lost whereas lighter VOCs will likely be lost13

13 Density of sample material13

bull More porous samples (eg sand) will be prone to loss of VOCs whereas dense sample material (eg clay) would be less prone to loss13

13


 

 

 

 

 

Best Pracces When Sampling with Acrylic Soil Core Liners

bull Cap the acrylic liner to preserve VOCs do not split unl ready to sample13

bull Split liner as soon as possible ndash every minute counts13

bull Keep liner on ice if extended mes are required13

bull Sample immediately with EnCore or field-preserved vials upon opening13

bull Screen the core and select samples for analysis USEPA SW 846 Method 3815 is the current method for screening although use is not mandatory13


 

 

Best Pracces When Sampling with Acrylic Soil Core Liners (connued)

bull Once a core barrel has been opened the collecon of samples is the first acvity performed (ie pre-empng even the logging of sub-surface core sample recovery and other soil characteriscs)13

bull Drill rig personnel should adjust their pace accordingly to allow collecon of samples13


    

 

 

Things to Avoid When Sampling with Acrylic Soil Core Liners

bull Leaving the liner exposed while screening13 bull Sampling from the container used for screening13

ndash Use of intermediate storage containers (eg core barrel liners plasc bags large glass jars) to hold soil for extended periods prior to sub-sampling defeats intent and should be avoided 13

bull Taking a second boring for samples aeer screening inial boring - no guarantee samples will match from different locaons13

bull Using bulk sampling rather than sealed or field-preserved sampling methods13


 

Avoid Using Soil Samplers Without CoreBarrel Liners

bull Soil sampling tools used without core barrel liners such as split spoon samplers make it nearly impossible to retain VOCs before samples are collected even using proper sampling methods and procedures 13

13 1313September 21 2017 131313 Soil Sampling and Analysis for VOCs

   

     

 

ASTM Standards and EPA Methods for Soil VOC Sample Collecon and Analysis

bull Standards of pracce for obtaining handling and screening of soil cores13 ndash ASTM Standards D6282 and D6640 cover collecon and handling of soil cores for environmental

sampling13

bull Sample collecon preservaon transportaon and analysis13 ndash US EPA Method 5035 various state guidance documents13 ndash ASTM Standard D4547 ndash Sampling Waste amp Soils for VOCs13

ndash ASTM Standard D6418 ndash EnCore Sampling for VOCs in Soils13


    

 

 

 

Methods for Sampling Soils for VOC Analysis

bull Bulk sampling method13 bull No core liner or brass sleeve liner13

bull Sample is scooped or sliced from soil cores and packed in wide-mouth jar without preservaon13

bull Lab prepares a weighed sub-sample prior to analysis13

bull Sub-core samples (~5) collected in field and placed in pre-preserved VOA vials for analysis 13

bull EnCorereg Sampler ndash sealed chamber no field preservaon required ndash samplers are shipped to lab for analysis 13


 

 

 

 

US EPA Method 5035

bull Implemented in 1997 to standardize sampling and field preservaon and avoid random error and low bias from bulk sampling13

bull Incorporates two approved methods of sample collecon and preservaon13 bull Field preservaon of soil core sub-samples using

methanol or sodium bisulfate13

bull EnCore sealed samplers with no preservaon required13

September 21 2017 131313

Encoretrade

TerraCoretrade Dry Weight Soil Sampling and Analysis for VOCs13 1613

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

High Level and Low Level Methods in 5035

bull Samples are preserved in methanol for ldquohigh levelrdquo analysis13 ndash Calibraon range increases to 200 μgkg with only a 5 gram sample13

bull Samples are preserved in sodium bisulfate for ldquolow levelrdquo analysis13 ndash Method Detecon Limits down to 05 μgKg and concentraons lt 200 μgKg13

bull Field preservaon is typically done at a 11 rao (weightvolume) of soil and preservave

bull Pre-preserved vials supplied by the laboratory are weighed to allow calculaon of soil sample weight ndash careful not to add addional label13

bull Soil samples are based on volume and weigh approximately 5 10 or 25 grams based on sample type13

bull Hold me for samples is 14 days when chilled 4 oC13

13


 

 

 

 

Why aretheretwo preservavesused in Method 5035 samples

bull Some programs have detecon limit requirements for some analytes (eg benzene) that are lower than most labs can achieve with a 501 diluon of methanol in water13

bull On the other end of the spectrum samples with VOC concentraons above 200 μgkg canrsquot be accurately quanfied in a sodium bisulfate soluon13

bull Unless you know that all of your samples will fall above or below the 200 μgkg threshold both samples are taken in the field 13 ndash The lab will screen the samples to determine which to analyze13


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Collecng Samples for Field Preservaon with Methanol

bull Using a Terra Core sampler place a 5 gram plug of soil into pre-preserved vial containing methanol13

bull 11 or greater weightvolume rao of soil to methanol13

bull Operaon must be done quickly to prevent VOC loss13

bull Tared weight of methanol vials should be verified before samples are collected13

Safety Note bull Methanol is a toxic and

flammable liquid bull It must be handled with all

required safety precautions related to toxic and flammable liquids

bull Methanol must be handled in a ventilated area

bull Use protective gloves when handling the methanol vials

bull Store methanol away from sources of ignition such as extreme heat or open flames


 

 

      

Collecng Samples for Field Preservaon with SodiumBisulfate

bull Using a Terra Core sampler place 5 gram plug of soil into pre-preserved vial containing 20 sodium bisulfate aqueous soluon13

bull Calcareous soil types should be checked for effervescence prior to sampling or vial may explode13

bull 11 or greater weightvolume soilpreservave rao13 bull Two vials are collected (plus a MeOH preserved vial)13 bull Collect an addional 3 vials for an MSMSD13

bull Tared weight of pre-preserved vials should be verified before samples are collected13


 

  

 

Advantages of Field Preservaon

bull No further preparaon of the sample is required in the laboratory prior to analysis13

bull Widely accepted by regulators13

bull VOC concentraons remain stable throughout the hold me and beyond13

bull Laboratory doesnrsquot require any special tools or procedures to process sample13


     

 

 

Disadvantages of Field Preservaon

bull Vial seals can leakbreak13 bull More experienced field staff required13

bull Difficult under adverse weather condions13 bull More risk of error eg spillage mixingadding labels etc13

bull Vehicle exhaust fumes can contaminate methanol13

bull Shipping restricons may apply for methanol (not typically an issue if labeled as ldquolaboratory samplesrdquo and volume is less than 500 mL) 13


 

Disadvantages of Field Preservaon (connued)

bull Shipped samples shall conform to all US Department of Transportaon (DOT) rules of shipment found in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulaons (49 CFR parts 171 to 179) andor Internaonal Air Transportaon Associaon (IATA) hazardous materials shipping requirements found in the current edion of IATArsquos Dangerous Goods Regulaons13

13


 

 

 

 

 

 

EnCorereg Sampler ndash Alternave to Field Preservaon

bull The only commercially available sampler listed in Method 503513

bull Meets ASTM D4547 requirements for VOC retenon during permiOed hold me13

bull 5 and 25 gram sizes13

bull Designed to collect an average weight exact weight is determined in lab13

bull Zero headspace design minimal air trapped in the sample13

bull Mulple suppliers ndash QEC Forestry EnCorereg Sampler and sampling handle Suppliers En Novave 13











 

Collecnga SurfaceSoil Sample

bull Expose the soil to be sampled by scraping the surface with a clean spatula or spoon Push the device into the soil unl the sample chamber is full and then extract the device13

13


         

  

Advantages of the EnCorereg Sampler bull Can be faster ndash less field me needed more sample throughput13 bull Easy to use minimal training13 bull No handling of preservave in the field13

bull No shipping restricons13 bull Sample is preserved later in controlled laboratory13 bull Seng avoids random error from field preservaon13

bull Long shelf life essenally no expiraon13 bull Ships in a proprietary VOC-proof bag13


 

 

 

  

   

 

Disadvantages oftheEnCorereg Sampler

bull Samples must be preserved at lab within 48-hour hold me stated in Method 5035 however if EnCore sampler is used for other programs13

bull ASTM D4547 describe extending hold me up to 14 days by freezing samples to -12 plusmn 5C13

bull ASTM D6418 describes extending hold me up to 14 days by freezing samples at -7 to -21C or holding for 48 hours at 4 plusmn2C followed by storage at -7 to -21C for up to five days13

bull Coordinate with lab if Saturday delivery expected13 bull Samples are reported in dry weight so a small jar of soil should be always collected

to measure soil moisture 13

bull Most agree that per-sample cost is higher than field preservaon 13 bull Some offset by me savings especially for inexperienced staff 13

bull Lab may charge a sample prep fee 13


Decisions Decisions


 

 

 

Decisions Decisions (connued)

13 bull Sampling intervals must be decided as quickly (and safely) as possible

bull If using Terra Coresreg discuss preservaves with laboratory ahead of me13

bull If using EnCoresreg samples must be shipped to the laboratory or picked up via courier the day collected13


DISCLAIMER

NoceThispresentaonhasbeenprovidedaspartof aUS Environmental Protecon Agency webinar The document does not

constute EPA policy Menon of trade names or commercial products does not constute endorsement or recommendaon for use Links to non-EPA web sites do not imply any official EPA endorsement of or a responsibility fortheopinions ideas data orproducts presented at those locaonsor guarantee the validityof the informaonprovided Links to non-EPA servers are provided solely as a pointer to informaon

that might be useful to EPA staff and the public


 

 

 





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VOCLosshellip




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US EPA Method 5035





September 21 2017 131313

Encoretrade


 

 

   

 

 

 

 








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Decisions Decisions


 

 

 






 

 

 





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VOCLosshellip




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sampling13




    

 

 

 








 

 

 

 

US EPA Method 5035





September 21 2017 131313

Encoretrade


 

 

   

 

 

 

 








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Decisions Decisions


 

 

 






  

 

   







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VOCLosshellip




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sampling13




    

 

 

 








 

 

 

 

US EPA Method 5035





September 21 2017 131313

Encoretrade


 

 

   

 

 

 

 








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Decisions Decisions


 

 

 






   

 




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VOCLosshellip




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sampling13




    

 

 

 








 

 

 

 

US EPA Method 5035





September 21 2017 131313

Encoretrade


 

 

   

 

 

 

 








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Decisions Decisions


 

 

 






 

 





 

 

 

 














 

 

VOCLosshellip




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sampling13




    

 

 

 








 

 

 

 

US EPA Method 5035





September 21 2017 131313

Encoretrade


 

 

   

 

 

 

 








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Decisions Decisions


 

 

 






 

 

 

 

 








 

 





    

 

 







 




   

     

 



sampling13




    

 

 

 








 

 

 

 

US EPA Method 5035





September 21 2017 131313

Encoretrade


 

 

   

 

 

 

 








13


 

 

 

 






 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

 

      







 

  

 







     

 

 







 



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13


         

  





 

 

 

  

   

 










Decisions Decisions


 

 

 






    

 

 

 








 

 

 

 

US EPA Method 5035





September 21 2017 131313

Encoretrade


 

 

   

 

 

 

 








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Decisions Decisions


 

 

 






 

 

 

 






 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

 

      







 

  

 







     

 

 







 



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Decisions Decisions


 

 

 






Welcome to the CLU-IN Internet Seminar...Things to Avoid When Sampling withAcrylic Soil Core Liners...

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Transcript of Welcome to the CLU-IN Internet Seminar...Things to Avoid When Sampling withAcrylic Soil Core Liners...