Welcome to CMPE003 Personal Computers: Hardware and SoftwareDr. Chane FullmerDr. Chane Fullmer

Fall 2002Fall 2002

UC Santa CruzUC Santa Cruz

October 7, 2002 2

Class Information

Midterm #1 – This Friday, October 11, 2002.– ID required.– Covers Chapters 1 through 5.– Multiple choice

• Requires Scantron #F-1712-ERI-L (pink)• ~50 questions

– No makeups after the fact

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Assignments

Homework #3 – Due October 18– Design your own Webpage– Keep in mind ---

• The world at large will see your page• Don’t put private or sensitive information on your Webpage.

– Details and sample – see class page –

http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe003/Fall02/

Input and Output:The User Connection

Chapter 5

Part A

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Objectives

Describe the user relationship with computer input and outputExplain how data is input to a computer system and differentiate among various input equipmentDescribe how a monitor works and the characteristics that determine qualityList and describe the different methods of computer outputDifferentiate among different kinds of printersExplain the function of a computer terminal and describe the types of terminals

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Input and Output

InputUsers submit input data

OutputUsers get processed information

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Input

Data from the user to the computerConverts raw data into electronic form

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Diversity of Input Methods

Zebra-striped bar codes on supermarket itemsWord commands operate a forklift truckAn order is entered using a pen on a special padTime clock generates paycheckData on checks are read and used to prepare a monthly bank statementCharge-card transactions generate customer bills

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Keyboard

Traditional– Looks like typewriter with

extra keys

Non-traditional– Fast food restaurants– Each key represents a food

item rather than a character

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Keyboard

Function KeysGive commandsSoftware specific

Main KeyboardTypewriter keysSpecial command keys

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Keyboard

Numeric Keys– Num Lock – toggle – On – numeric data & math symbols– Off – cursor movement

Cursor Movement Keys

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KeyboardSpecial Keys

Enter

Esc

Alt

Ctrl

Caps Lock

Shortcut

Windows

Shift

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Pointing Devices

Position a pointer / cursor on the screenControls drawing instruments in graphics applicationsCommunicate commands to a program

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Pointing Devices Mouse

Types– Mechanical– Optical– Wireless

Features– Palm-sized– 1 or 2 buttons– Wheel

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The First Mouse

Doug Engelbart invented the computer mouse in 1963-64 as part of an experiment to find better ways to point and click on a display screen. It was made in a shop at SRI. The casing was carved out of wood. The mouse had only one button - that was all there was room for.

Invented by Doug Englebart at SRI, 1963/4

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The First MouseInvented by Doug Englebart at SRI, 1963/4

Two wheels mounted perpendicularly to each other in the mouse's underbelly tracked the X-Y motion. The mouse was patented in 1970 as an "X-Y Position Indicator."

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Early Workstation – Circa 1967

Close-up of first production model of the mouse 1967, this model made of plastic casing with metal underbelly, same wheel design, now with three buttons.

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Keyset, Mouse and KeyboardCirca 1968

A 1968 mouse-keyset combination installed on an ergonomic keyboard-console. This is the first production model of the mouse with plastic casing and metal underbelly, and with three buttons. This setup was used for the famous "mother of all demos" during the 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference and included a tilt-swivel office chair. The assembly was custom-made by the Herman Miller furniture company.

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Other Pointing Devices

Trackball– Upside-down mouse– Ball on top– Roll ball with hand– Laptop computers

Touchpad– Pressure-sensitive pad– Cursor moves as you slide

your finger– Laptop computers

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Other Pointing Devices

Pointing stickPressure-sensitive postMounted between G and H keys on keyboardApply pressure in a direction to move cursor

JoystickShort leverHandgripDistance and speed of movement control pointer position

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Graphics Tablet

Digitizing tabletRectangular boardInvisible grid of electronic dotsWrite with stylus or puckSends locations of electronic dots as stylus moves over themCreates precise drawingsArchitects and engineers

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Touch Screens

Human points to a selection on the screen– Finger, pencil, etc..

Types– Edges emit horizontal and vertical beams of light

that crisscross the screen– Senses finger pressure– Light pen for pointing

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Touch Screens

Kiosks– Self-help stations– Easy to use

– Where found• Malls• Airports• Disney World• Government offices

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Pen-based Computing

Small hand-held devicesElectronic pen (stylus)– Pointer– Handwritten input

Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)

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Source Data Automation

Special equipment to collect data at the sourceSent directly to a computerAvoids need to key dataRelated input areas– Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition– Scanners– Optical recognition devices– Voice

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MICRMagnetic-Ink Character Recognition

Read characters made of magnetic particlesNumbers on the bottom of checksMICR inscriber – adds characters to check that show amount cashed

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Optical Scanners

Optical recognitionLight beam scans input dataMost common type of source inputDocument imaging – converts paper documents to electronic formConverts snapshots into imagesConverts scanned image of text into characters – OCR

Exact computer-produced replica of originalExact computer-produced replica of original

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Types of Scanners

Flatbed– One sheet at a time– Scans bound documents

Sheetfeed– Motorized rollers– Sheet moves across scanning head– Small, convenient size– Less versatile than flatbed– Prone to errors

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Types of Scanners

Handheld– Least expensive– Least accurate– Portable– User must move the scanner in a straight line at a

fixed rate– Wide document causes problems

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Optical Recognition

Optical mark recognition (OMR)– Mark sensing– Exams (Scantron )– Recognizes the location of the marks

Optical character recognition (OCR)– Light source reads special characters– OCR-A is ANSI standard typeface for

optical characters

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Optical Recognition Wand Reader

Retail storesLibrariesHospitalsFactories

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Optical RecognitionBar Code Reader

Photoelectric deviceReads bar codesInexpensiveReliableWhere Used?– Supermarket – UPC– Federal Express

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Optical RecognitionHandwritten Characters

Must follow rigid rulesSizeCompletenessLegibility

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Voice Input

Speech RecognitionSpeech recognition devices– Input via a microphone– Voice converted to binary code

Problems– Speaker-dependent– Voice training

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Voice Input

Changing radio frequencies in airplane cockpitsPlacing a call on a car phoneRequesting stock-market quotations over the phoneCommand from physically disabled users

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Voice Input

Discrete word systems– Understand isolated words– Pause between words– Difficult for dictation

Continuous word systems– Normal speaking pattern– Easy to use– Faster and easier to dictate than to key

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Digital Cameras

Photos stored in electronic formNo filmPoint and shootEdit

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•Wednesday

•Ch 5 continued -- Outputs…

•Friday…•Midterm…

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