Welcome to CJ 101!!

Kaplan UniversityProfessor Chad Rosa

Unit 3

Kaplan University

A few reminders……………………

Your Professor – Me

Minnesota – southern metro area

Over 18 years of criminal justice experience including: private security, state patrol, municipal patrol officer and school resource officer

Online Learning at KU

KU stands for Kaplan University

Each class is 10 weeks long

Each week is called a Unit

Each unit has several graded items – check the gradebook!!

Online Learning at KUOnline Learning at KU

Each unit/week starts on Wednesday & ends at 1159 pm EST on Tuesday

Start your work for each Unit early – DON’T wait until the end of the week to complete your work

Online Learning at KUOnline Learning at KU

Want to be successful in my class?

The following are the secrets…

ReadingReading

Each unit has a reading link – which tells you which chapter(s) to read

Electronic book/chapters in docsharing

Powerpoints – Read both Start your work for each Unit early

– DON’T wait until the end of the week to complete your work

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

Each unit has a discussion board question

Always answer the question with at least a 100 word response

Always “reply” to one other student for each question. Must give good input and thought – not “good post” etc

QuizzesQuizzes

Many units will have a quiz You can always retake a quiz

to get a better grade – most recent score is kept

However, quizzes are only open during the unit, never accepted late

SeminarsSeminars

EASTERN TIME No seminar during units 5 or

10 Participation & quality input

If you miss a seminar – alternate assignment to DocSharing, NOT Dropbox

SeminarsSeminars

If you miss a seminar – Review the instructions in the

seminar link of each unit. To receive credit for the seminar if you are

unable to attend, you are required to write a 1 page paper summary on what we covered.

Review the seminar archive for additional information.

Submit your assignment using the Doc Sharing tab.

Select the option to send to your instructor only.

More SuccessMore Success

Go in to DocSharing and print out Go in to DocSharing and print out my example paper and EXACTLY my example paper and EXACTLY follow that formatfollow that format

MUST write all papers in a Microsoft MUST write all papers in a Microsoft Word documentWord document

MUST write in Times New Roman size MUST write in Times New Roman size 12 font and double space12 font and double space

Cover/title page, body of text and Cover/title page, body of text and reference pagereference page

GradebookGradebook

Always check your grade book Click on each individual grade so you

can read my comments You can always redo and resubmit any

work for a better grade – BUT only within ONE week

For example, you receive a low grade on your Unit 2 paper – you have until the end of Unit 3 to resubmit it if you want to

Late WorkLate Work

Late work will only be accepted one week late – for up to full credit

After one week – no credit will be given

Unit 2 Recap!!

Graded items:Discussion boardQuizSeminar

What do I have to do to What do I have to do to complete this unit?complete this unit?

Read Chapter 6 Discussion Board Attend the Seminar Complete the Quiz. Matching Project – next slide

Unit 3 Matching Project Matching Project – Key Terms

Probation Parole Booking Warrant Grand Jury Indictment Bail Parole Revocation

Unit 3

Policing: Purpose and Organization

Unit 3 examines the history of police organization, the methods used to combat

crime, and the growing role of technology in policing.

Unit 3

The organizational model of U.S. police agencies.

The roles played by patrol officers and detectives in law enforcement.

About the effectiveness of specialized methods of policing such as community oriented policing (COP) and problem oriented policing.

The legal environment of policing.

Unit 3 - Policing

Explain the basic purposes of policing in democratic societies…

Unit 3 - Policing

The Police Mission

The purposes of policing in democratic societies is to:

Enforce and support the laws Investigate crimes/apprehend offenders Prevent crime Ensure domestic peace and tranquility Provide the community with enforcement–

related services

Unit 3 - Policing

Enforcing the Law Only about 10–20% of all calls to the police

require a law enforcement response. Police cannot enforce all of the laws. Resources are limited. Law enforcement priorities are significantly

affected by community needs. Individual discretion also impacts them.

Police are expected to support the laws they enforce.

Unit 3 - Policing

Apprehending Offenders

Offenders may be apprehended: While committing a crime Shortly after committing a crime After an extensive investigation

Unit 3 - Policing Preventing Crime

Crime prevention is proactive. It aims to:

Reduce crime and criminal opportunities Lower the rewards of crime Lessen the fear of crime

Law enforcement’s ability to prevent crimes relies in part on their ability to predict crime.

Determining when and where crimes will occur Allocating resources accordingly Crime mapping, as with CompStat, helps

Unit 3 - Policing

Preserving the Peace Law enforcement do a number of activities to

help ensure domestic peace and tranquility.

Examples: Supervising parades and public demonstrations

Officers may focus on quality-of-life offenses, acts that create physical disorder or reflect social decay or that could lead to further deterioration (broken windows theory).

Examples: Vandalism, excessive noise.

Unit 3 - Policing

Providing Services Law enforcement provides the

community with enforcement-related services. Police are just a phone call away.

Police handle emergency and non-emergency calls, such as:

Barking dogs Lost and found items Minor accidents

Unit 3 - Policing

List and discuss the five core operational strategies of today's police departments…

Unit 3 - Policing

Operational Strategies There are five core operational strategies, each

with unique features: Preventive patrol Routine incident response Emergency response Criminal investigation Problem solving

Additionally, there is an ancillary operational strategy: support services.

Unit 3 - Policing

Preventive Patrol The dominant operational policing strategy is

preventive patrol, which places uniformed officers on the street in the midst of the public.

Patrol is designed to:

Deter crimes Interrupt crimes in progress Position officers for quick response to emergencies Increase the public’s feeling of safety and security

Unit 3 - Policing

Routine Incident Response

Routine incident responses include restoring order, documenting information, or provide another immediate service to the parties involved in routine occurrences such as minor traffic accidents.

This is the second most common police activity. Having a good response time is strongly linked

to citizen satisfaction.

Unit 3 - Policing

Emergency Response

Emergency responses (or critical incidents) occur in response to crimes in progress, serious injuries, natural disasters, and other situations in which human lives may be in jeopardy.

Unit 3 - Policing

Criminal Investigation

Criminal investigations dominate media attention but constitute a relatively small proportion of police work.

An investigation involves discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible.

Unit 3 - Policing

Problem Solving

Problem solving policing requires: Gathering knowledge of problem causes Developing solutions in partnership with the

community Responding with a workable plan Assessing the progress

Unit 3 - Policing

Support Services

Support services are ancillary services such as dispatch, training, personnel, property control, and record-keeping that keep agencies running.

Unit 3 – Policing

Policing Styles

Identify the three styles of policing, and discuss differences in these approaches…

Unit 3 – Policing

History helps shape policing styles, how agencies see their purpose, and choose to fulfill it.

There are three basic policing styles: Watchman Legalistic Service

Unit 3 – Policing

The Watchman Style of Policing

The watchman style of policing are typically in lower- or lower-middle class areas that have a lot of crime.

This style is marked by: Order maintenance Controlling illegal and disruptive behavior Considerable use of discretion

Unit 3 – Policing

The Legalistic Style of Policing

Legalistic style police departments are committed to enforcing the letter of the law and take a “laissez faire” stance on behaviors that are simply bothersome.

Unit 3 – Policing

The Service Style of Policing

Service style police departments strive to meet community needs. They are:

Concerned with helping rather than strictly enforcing the laws.

More likely to supplement law enforcement activities with community resources.

Popular today.

Unit 3 – Policing

Describe the changed role of American police in the post 9/11 environment…

Unit 3 – Policing

Terrorism’s Impact on Policing

The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks changed the role of police departments.

The core mission has not changed, but all police departments now devote much more resources to preparing for a possible terrorist attack and intelligence gathering.

The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Approach

IACP identified five key principles behind an effective homeland security policy. Proposals must be developed in local context. Prevention is a key part of any strategy. State and local law enforcement can help identify,

investigate, and apprehend terrorist suspects. Strategies must be coordinated nationally, not

federally. There cannot be a one-size-fits-all approach.

Unit 3 – Policing

Ethics and Professionalism

Explain police discretion and how it affects the practice of contemporary law enforcement…

Why is professionalism important in policing today?

Unit 3 – Policing

Discretion and the Individual Officer

Even as police agencies adapt to threats posed by terrorism, individual officers still retain a considerable amount of discretion.

discretion = choice

Unit 3 – Policing

Factors that Influence Discretion

There are a number of factors that influence police decision making, including:

Officer’s background Suspect’s characteristics Department policy Community interest Pressure from victim Disagreement with the law

Unit 3 – Policing

Professionalism and Ethics

Today’s demands for police professionalism require that police officers have specialized knowledge and they adhere to professional standards and police ethics.

Accreditation is a step toward greater professionalism.

Ethics training is integrated into most basic training programs.

Unit 3 - Policing

Education and Training Modern police education programs

involve training in areas like: Human relations Firearms Communications Legal issues Patrol Investigations Report writing

A post-academy field training program (PTO) is a recent development in police training

Unit 3 - Policing

Education and Training

According to a 1999 Bureau of Justice Report, the median number of classroom training hours required of new officers is:

823 for state police 760 for county 640 for municipal 448 for sheriffs

Unit 3 - Policing

Formal Education

Formal education is not required by all police departments, though for decades it has been recommended by several Commissions and groups.

Departments vary with regard to hiring requirements. Some require no college; others require a four-year degree. Most federal agencies require college degrees.

Unit 3 - Policing

What are some of the benefits and problems associated with hiring educated officers?

Everybody take a shot at it!!!!

Benefits and Problems Associated with Hiring Educated Police Officers

Benefits

Better written reportsEnhanced public communication skillsMore effective job performanceFewer citizen complaintsGreater initiativeWiser use of discretionHeightened sensitivity to racial and ethnic issuesFewer disciplinary problems

Problems

More likely to leave police work

More likely to question orders

More likely to request reassignments

Unit 3 - Policing Recruitment and Selection

Law enforcement agencies use a variety of applicant screening methods, including:

Personal interviews Basic skills tests Physical agility measures Medical exams Drug tests Background investigations Psychological testing

Percentage of Local Police Departments Using Various Recruit-Screening Methods,

(Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003)

Unit 3 – Policing

Ethnic and Gender Diversity

Identify some of the issues related to ethnic and gender diversity in policing, and suggest ways of addressing them…

Unit 3 – Policing

Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Policing Opportunities for women and minorities in

policing are expanding. Many departments have dramatically

increased their complement of officers from unrepresented groups.

In 2000, 22.7% of officers were racial and ethnic minorities.

Women are still significantly underrepresented, accounting for only 13% of all sworn officers.

Unit 3 – Policing

Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Policing

Although ethnic minorities are now employed in policing in significant numbers, women are still significantly underrepresented, especially in top command positions.

Unit 3 – Policing

Women as Effective Police Officers

Some women have integrated well into the role of police officer. Others feel strain and isolation.

Strain caused by family roles and parenting, underutilization, uncooperative attitudes of male officers.

Unit 3 – Policing

Increasing the Number of Minorities and Women in Police Work The Police Foundation recommends:

Involving underrepresented groups in departmental affirmative action and long-term planning programs.

Encouraging the development of an open promotion system.

Periodic audits to make sure that female officers are not being underutilized by ineffective tracking into clerical and support positions.

Unit 3 Requirements

Review Key Terms Read Chapter 6 Complete the Matching Project Complete Quiz Attend Seminar Respond to the Discussion Board – 100 word

answer and respond to at least one other student

Complete everything by Tuesday at 1159pm EST

Good Night

That is all I have for tonight!! Have a great upcoming week!!