Welcome To BUA 235-Intro
description
Transcript of Welcome To BUA 235-Intro
![Page 1: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BUA 235: Information Systems & Technology for Business
Week 1: Introductions
![Page 2: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Who am I?
• Lecturer of Management Information Systems at the University of Maine Business School. Currently working towards the completion of a Ph.D. in Information Systems from Nova Southeastern University in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
• Research interests include online learning environments (OLE), information security (InfoSec), computer privacy, and telecommunication technology.
![Page 3: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What’s IS?
• Some terms thrown around– IS = Information Systems?– IT = Information technology– EC = Ecommerce– MIS = Management of IS– CIS = Computer Information Systems– Etc.
![Page 4: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
An OLD definition of IS
• Mason & Mitrof (1973), Mgmt.Science– “An information system consists of at least one
person of a certain psychological type who faces a problem within some organizational context for which he needs evidence to arrive at a solution (i.e., to select some course of action) and that the evidence is made available to him through some mode of presentation.”
![Page 5: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Another, more recent definition
• Zmud (1995), MIS Quarterly– IS is the “…development and communication of
knowledge concerning both the management of information technology and the use of information technology for managerial and organizational purposes.”
![Page 6: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A “point of view” about IS
• Lee (2001), MIS Quarterly editorial– “Research in the information systems field examines more
than just the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two side-by-side; in addition, it investigates the phenomenon that emerge when the two interact. This embodies both a research perspective and a subject matter that differentiate the academic field of the Information Systems from other disciplines. In this regard, the so-called reference disciplines are actually poor models for our own field. They focus on the behavioral or the technological, but not on the emergent socio-technical phenomenon that set our field apart.”
![Page 7: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Socio-Technical Phenomena
![Page 8: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Intro to Course
• This is a Survey course: in it we will introduce topics to you related to;
• IT /IS in Decision making• Hardware & Software• Network and Telecommunications• Wireless Computing• Database design, development, & deployment• Information and Network Security
![Page 9: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
More….
• Enterprise Systems;
– Supply Chain Management (SCM)– Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
– Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
![Page 10: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
What Information Systems (IS) is not?
• IS is not computer science
• IS is not computer engineering
• So what is it?
![Page 11: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Information Systems
![Page 12: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Five-Component Framework for IS
Source:Kroenke, D. M. (2007). Using MIS. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.
Hardware Software Data Procedures People
Bridge
Instructions
Actors
Computer Side Human Side
Automation moves work from human side to computer side
Increased degree of difficulty of change
![Page 13: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Information Systems used in Business
• Information technology is everywhere in business.
• If you are learning about business you need to learn about Information technology
![Page 14: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Information Systems• Information technology
creates efficiency and enhances organizational effectiveness
• Many organizational systems are interrelated:
• “Sales are dependant upon inventory, inventory are dependant upon production etc…”
• Accounting systems• Finance systems• HR systems• Sales systems• Marketing systems• Operations Management
systems• Management Information
systems• Executive Information Systems• Etc…
– Etc…• Etc…
![Page 15: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Knowledge Management Systems
• All together, these systems provide organizations with information.
– We use this information to make informed decisions
• This information over time becomes organizational knowledge
– The collection of knowledge is a KMS…
![Page 16: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Information Technology• Any computer-based tool that we use to work
with information and support the information and information processing needs of an organization.
• Information technology doesn’t equal success or even represents success
• IT is most useful when it leverages the talents of the people who use it.
![Page 17: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Information Technology in and of itself is not even useful unless the right people are involved who know how to use and manage it effectively
![Page 18: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Management Information Systems
• MIS: “ Is the function that plans for, develops, implements, and maintains IT hardware, software, and applications that people use to support the goals of an organization”
• Most organizations (large and Medium sized) have a departments called the IT Dept, IS Dept, or the MIS Dept.
![Page 19: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
What is Information?
“Information is knowledge derived from data”or“information is data presented in meaningful
context” (Kroenke, 2007, p. 10)
“Data is … recorded facts or figures” (Kroenke, 2007, p. 10)
![Page 20: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Difference between Data & Information
DataInformation
![Page 21: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Data, information, and knowledge
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom?Knowledge Management Systems
![Page 22: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Several Parts to IT
• Information: data converted into meaningful and useful context
• IT Resources: People, Available IT, and Information: All linked to achieve the goals and objectives of a business
• IT Culture: Organizational cultures influence how people will use their available information
![Page 23: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Information is Power!
• Lets face it: those armed with information have power
– Organizational culture effects how is used and shared:
– Four common information-sharing cultures exist in organizations today
![Page 24: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Information-Functional: Employees (such as a manager) uses information as a means of influence or power over others.
• Information-Sharing: Employees across departments trust each other to use information to improve performance
• Information-Inquiring: Employees across depts. Search for information to better understand the future and align themselves with current trends & new directions
• Info-discovery: employees across depts. are open to new insights about radical changes and seek ways to create competitive advantages
![Page 25: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
IT Impact on Business• Several business functions
have benefitted greatly from information technology:
• Reduces costs / Improve Productivity
• Improve Customer Satisfaction / Loyalty
• COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
• Business majors and those who intend to work in business areas such as;
– Accounting– Finance– Human resources– Or operations management
• You will need to be familiar with and understand what roles IT plays in your organization
![Page 26: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Roles & Responsibility in IT• Historically organizations
have had positions such as CEOs, CFOs, & COOs.
• Organizations now recognize the need to put specific IT staff in strategic positions
• Examples now include:
– Chief Information Officer (CIO)
– Chief technology Officer (CTO)
– Chief Security Officer (CSO)
– Chief Privacy Officer (CPO)
– Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO)
![Page 27: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Gap between Business Personnel & IT Personnel
• Business personnel have their language and IT personnel have theirs: This gap interferes with businesses ability to make effective and efficient decisions
• Many of the IT roles we looked at are leaders now in improving communication between the two areas (business and IT)
![Page 28: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
IT MetricsIT Metrics
• Information systems primary goal is to improve efficiency and effectiveness
• Metrics (quantifiable measurements) provide businesses with the information they need to improve performance in business processes
• Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): requires input from both business staff and IT staff to develop
![Page 29: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Digital Dashboards
• Digital Dashboards provide users with one single interface through which they can view information from a variety of sources that have been chosen specifically for that user. In addition, dashboards allow a user to view the information offline, adding portability to the mix.
![Page 30: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
How does a DD Work?1. DDs retrieve and store data in a centralized access
point:
1. Generally speaking using a combination of web design, relational database design, and a client/server network
2. Uses OLAP files: (Online analytical processing) which allows users to look at data in a way that is meaningful to them.
3. Synchronizes files from a server and makes then available both online and offline to users
![Page 31: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Examples of a Digital Dashboard
![Page 32: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Efficiency & Effectiveness Metrics come in many forms
Efficiency• Throughput: amount of info that
can travel through systems at any point
• Transaction speeds
• System availability
• Information accuracy
• Web traffic
• Response time
Effectiveness• Usability
• Customer satisfaction
• Conversion rates
• Financial metrics (I.E, ROIs, Cost-benefit analysis, etc…
![Page 33: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The 5 Forces Model1. Buyer Power
2. Supplier Power
3. Threat of Substitute products of services
4. Threat of New Entrants
5. Rivalry among existing competitors
• Michael Porter’s 5 forces analysis is a tool useful to aid organizations decision’s related to entering a new industry of industry segment
![Page 34: Welcome To BUA 235-Intro](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061214/547ddf0db4af9f5d368b47a1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Next Week: Chapter 2